几种金属矿地下物探方法评述

物探方法与技术作为开展深部找矿工作的一种主要手段,越来越受到矿产勘查界的广泛重视与应用。地下物探方法利用现有的钻孔或坑道,对钻孔底部或外围进行进一步的勘查很有优势,更适用于深部找矿。论述了井中磁测、井中激发极化法、井中（坑道）充电法、坑道（井中）自然电位法、井中电磁法等几种常用的金属矿地下物探方法。从应用实例着手,分析和总结了各种方法在深部找矿中所发挥的优势与作用,提出应重视并重新认识地下物探技术的地位和作用,增强相关技术的研发与应用等建议,为矿产勘查、开发、开采与施工提供重要的信息指导。     

几种金属矿地下物探方法评述

物探方法与技术作为开展深部找矿工作的一种主要手段,越来越受到矿产勘查界的广泛重视与应用.地下物探方法利用现有的钻孔或坑道,对钻孔底部或外围进行进一步的勘查很有优势,更适用于深部找矿.论述了井中磁测、井中激发极化法、井中(坑道)充电法、坑道(井中)自然电位法、井中电磁法等几种常用的金属矿地下物探方法.从应用实例着手,分析和总结了各种方法在深部找矿中所发挥的优势与作用,提出应重视并重新认识地下物探技术的地位和作用,增强相关技术的研发与应用等建议,为矿产勘查、开发、开采与施工提供重要的信息指导.     

几种金属矿地下物探方法评述

物探方法与技术作为开展深部找矿工作的一种主要手段,越来越受到矿产勘查界的广泛重视与应用。地下物探方法利用现有的钻孔或坑道,对钻孔底部或外围进行进一步的勘查很有优势,更适用于深部找矿。论述了井中磁测、井中激发极化法、井中（坑道）充电法、坑道（井中）自然电位法、井中电磁法等几种常用的金属矿地下物探方法。从应用实例着手,分析和总结了各种方法在深部找矿中所发挥的优势与作用,提出应重视并重新认识地下物探技术的地位和作用,增强相关技术的研发与应用等建议,为矿产勘查、开发、开采与施工提供重要的信息指导。     

A review of methods used to determine the fractal dimension of linear features

An in-depth review of the more commonly applied methods used in the determination of the fractal dimension of one-dimensional curves is presented. Many often conflicting opinions about the different methods have been collected and are contrasted with each other. In addition, several little known but potentially useful techniques are also reviewed. General recommendations which should be considered whenever applying any method are made.     

物探方法在找水方面的应用

本文介绍了包括高密度电法、激发极化法、瞬变电磁法、可控源音频大地电磁法和地质雷达法等5种物探方法及其找水原理、发展史和应用范围。为不同地区采取不同方法找水指明了方向。     

地球物理方法在环境保护工作中的应用

地球物理方法在环境调查、监测和治理工作中得到日益广泛的应用。一方面环境污染和一些灾害现象使地球介质的物理特性发生变化，可以用地球物理探测出来；另一方面地球物理场本身对人类生存环境和人体健康产生重要影响。     

物化探方法在那尔轰一带找金中的应用

文中通过吉林省靖宇县那尔轰镇大东沟、小东沟两处化探异常查证中,利用地质、化探、激电法等综合方法找矿的成功实例.提出了在化探异常查征中地质、土壤测量、激电等合理的工作程序和评价异常最经济有效的方法组合.所建立的物化探“两高一低”即高极化率、金多金属元素含量高、低电阻率的综合找矿模型,结合地质因素,对在该地区找寻构造破碎蚀...     

Surface geochemical methods used for oil and gas prospecting — a review

The majority of the world's oil and gas deposits have been discovered by drilling in the vicinity of natural petroleum seeps, and to date the most successful geochemical prospecting methods still rely upon the surface detection of hydrocarbons. Gas chromatographic techniques are now commonly used in the analysis of hydrocarbon gases for prospecting both onshore (analysis of soils and rocks) and offshore (analysis of near-bottom waters and sediments). Detection of helium fluxes has been partially successful as a geochemical prospecting technique. Many indirect techniques such as the determination of isotope and metal-leaching anomalies in surface rocks and the measurement of radon fluxes have not been widely used.Onshore geochemical prospecting appears to have more problems associated with it than offshore prospecting due to the more complex migration mechanism of near-surface waters containing dissolved gases. No onshore prospecting studies have been published which thoroughly consider this factor and the success of onshore prospecting remains equivocal. In offshore prospecting “sniffers” have been used to detect hydrocarbon anomalies in near-bottom waters, and coring equipment has been used for the detection of hydrocarbons in near-surface sediments. Success is claimed using these techniques.Geochemical prospecting methods are complementary to the widely used geophysical methods. Geochemical methods can provide direct evidence for the presence of petroleum accumulations and are relatively cheap and rapid. Failures in prospecting to date are attributable to the simplistic manner in which data have been interpreted; insufficient attention has been paid to the hydrological and geological factors which modify the upward migration of indicator species to the surface. As oil and gas deposits become more difficult to locate, greater attention should be paid to geochemical prospecting techniques, especially as a regional exploration tool.     

地球物理技术在非开挖工程中的应用评价

非开挖技术逐渐成为城市管网建设的主要技术,其常用的方法以顶管法和定向钻法为主,但实施这些技术需要比较全面地预知施工区域内的地下信息才能确保工程顺利进行。地球物理探测主要用于探测岩层信息,发现地质问题,方法较多,理论涵盖物理学的各个学科,比较适用于非开挖工程的前期勘查。西气东输上海管网建设对地球物理探测技术进行了大量应用,发现它确实有很突出的应用价值,值得积极推广。     

地震层析成像方法综述

地震层析成像作为一种有效还原地下介质速度模型的方法,为全波形反演提供了可靠的初始速度模型,从原始的射线层析到相移旅行时层析和瞬时旅行时层析,实现了地震波传播的有限频特性;从声波方程到弹性波方程,从各向同性介质到VTI,TTI介质,实现了对真实地下介质情况的模拟.减缓层析反演的病态性也一直是研究热点,常用的方法有正则化,用高斯束层析的敏感核代替传统的射线层析敏感核等.此外,为了避免使成像结果的精度依赖于共成像道集上反射位的真实深度,角度域双差分反射层析可以稳定有效地收敛到精确的偏移速度模型.如今,层析成像逐步向各向异性介质过渡,使用的数据从VSP到WVSP,从单一波形到多种波形联合反演发展,然而,分辨率和计算效率的相关问题仍然需要得到关注.     

几种地球物理勘查方法技术应用研究新进展

我国在新一轮找矿工作中,面临的多是隐伏矿产尤其是深部矿产勘查,勘查难度很大,常规的勘查方法技术手段很难发挥大的作用。因此,找矿必须以新方法新技术为引领和支撑。这里列举了部分相对成熟的地球物理勘查技术研究成果,包括高温超导磁强计、多频相位激电测量系统、复杂条件下的金属矿地震勘探技术、大透距的电磁波等,重点围绕方法技术特点、技术指标、应用实例及应用效果等方面进行归纳,以期这些成果能尽快应用于找矿实践。     

A systematic review on approaches and methods used for flood vulnerability assessment: framework for future research

Natural Hazards - Floods have always been associated with widespread devastation and destruction since the emergence of human civilization. The intensity of this disaster has been increasing due to...     

物化探方法在浅覆盖区找矿工作中的应用效果

由于浅覆盖区特殊的地质景观,传统找矿方法难以直接获取地层、岩体、构造、矿产(化)等地质体信息,造成地质认识水平整体不高,最终影响找矿效果。本文以大兴安岭中北段东坡马场沟一带找矿工作为例,探讨利用物化探方法(地面高精度磁测、极化激发法、土壤测量)解译断裂构造、圈定岩体及矿化蚀变带、大致判别矿产种类,逐渐缩小找矿范围,最终查明矿(化)体的位置,发现金矿点1处、金矿化点2处、铅锌银矿点1处,取得了较好的找矿效果。     

地球物理方法在帷幕注浆治水中的探测分析

在井巷工程中探明前方或周边涌水是十分必要的.以云南彝良毛坪矿区为例,利用等值反磁通瞬变电磁法(OCTEM)和音频大地电磁法(AMT),探测了帷幕注浆工程轴线以下700 m范围内的含水断裂带的发育情况,意图为帷幕注浆治水工程提供指导意见.通过物探综合分析,探明具有富水性的异常7个.本项研究结果表明,OC-TEM法能够识别...     

地球物理方法对垃圾填埋场探测的有效性试验研究

文中根据在河北省某市两处不同类型垃圾(建筑垃圾和生活垃圾)填埋场上采用多种地球物理方法(高密度电阻率法、探地雷达法、高精度磁测法、激发极化法和瞬变电磁法)进行试验研究所取得的实测资料,结合工作地区的地质和岩土物性特征,通过分析对比,指出了不同地球物理方法在圈定和监测垃圾填埋场的污染范围和扩散趋势等方面的作用和能力。实验证明,垃圾填埋场渗漏污染检测中,探地雷达法、高密度电阻率法、激发极化法和瞬变电磁法均有一定的效果。除高密度电阻率方法外,激发极化法在监测垃圾的污染范围和污染趋势、圈定污染程度方面,效果也很明显。     

A review of methods for estimating evapotranspiration

The problems which characterize the study of evapotranspiration are briefly discussed. Different models which have been used for estimating evapotranspiration are reviewed. They include the eddy correlation model, mass transport model, aerodynamic model, Penman-resistance model and the energy balance model. The utilization of remote sensing for regional evapotranspiration estimation is discussed at length with case studies cited from USA, France, Germany and Kenya.     

Mapping of quick clay formations using geotechnical and geophysical methods

Quick clay has been involved in most serious, large clay slides in Sweden, Norway, and Canada. This paper describes geotechnical and geophysical methods that can be used to locate and map the extent of quick clay formations. Surface resistivity measurements and four different sounding methods have been tested. The results have been compared with sensitivities determined using fall-cone tests. The investigation shows that there is a correlation between sensitivity and electrical resistivity, which can be used to discriminate between marine clays that have been leached sufficiently to possibly form quick clay and those for which the salt content remains sufficiently high to prevent this. Although the most reliable evaluation of the variation in sensitivity was obtained by the CPT with additional measurement of total penetration force, this investigation suggests that any sounding method that uses a constant rate of advance into the ground and in which the penetration force applied on the top of the rods is measured may be used for quick clay mapping.     

Contribution of geophysical methods to karst-system exploration: an overview

The karst environment is one of the most challenging in terms of groundwater, engineering and environmental issues. Geophysical methods can provide useful subsurface information in karst regions concerning, for instance, hazard estimation or groundwater exploration and vulnerability assessment. However, a karst area remains a very difficult environment for any geophysical exploration; selection of the best-suited geophysical method is not always straightforward, due to the highly variable and unpredictable target characteristics. The state of the art is presented, in terms of the contributions made by geophysical methods to karst-system exploration, based on extensive analysis of the published scientific results. This report is an overview and should be used as a preliminary methodological approach, rather than a guideline.