红鳍笛鲷、紫红笛鲷和白斑笛鲷的核型研究

以红鳍笛鲷（Lutjanus erythopterus)、紫红笛鲷(Lutjanus argentimaculatus)、白斑笛鲷（Lutjanus bohar)为材料,胸腔注射PHA及秋水仙素溶液,取头肾细胞经空气干燥法制片,姬姆萨染液染色,观察分析获得染色体核型：染色体数目2N＝48,染色总臂数为48。     

红鳍笛鲷胸腺显微结构的研究

通过对红鳍笛鲷胸腺进行形态解剖和显微镜结构的观察,结果表明,红鳍笛鲷的胸腺位于鳃腔背上角深处,紧贴鳃腔膜下,左右各一个,呈对称分布.分为三个区:外区、中区和内区;外区主要含由网状上皮细胞、粘液细胞和少量的淋巴细胞构成;中区和内区分界不明显,中区染色较深,细胞排列紧密,含有较多淋巴细胞,而内区染色较浅,细胞排列疏松,网状细胞明显增多.中区和内区主要由淋巴细胞和网状上皮细胞构成.通过组织化学的染色观察,发现红鳍笛鲷胸腺的分泌细胞分泌旺盛,多糖丰富.胸腺不仅是一个淋巴组织,也是一个免疫器官.     

RAPD对红鳍笛鲷(♀)×千年笛鲷(♂)子一代杂种优势预测的分析

应用RAPD技术对红鳍笛鲷(♀)、千年笛鲷(♂)和红鳍笛鲷(♀)×千年笛鲷(♂)子一代3个群体的RAPD扩增带谱进行了分析,并对杂交子代F1杂种优势进行了预测.从100个随机引物中筛选出35个扩增带丰富的引物进行扩增,共得到190条清晰稳定的扩增带,其中有176个扩增位点具有多态性,多态性位点比率为92.6%.红鳍笛鲷、F1、千年笛鲷3个群体的遗传相似性指数分别为0.831 9,0.726 3,0.916 8;Nei多样性指数分别为0.174 5,0.264 0,0.118 4;Shannon信息指数分别为0.256 4,0.384 5,0.171 2.红鳍笛鲷(♀)-F1,F1一千年笛鲷(♂),红鳍笛鲷(♀)一千年笛鲷(♂)的遗传距离分别为0.397 2,0.317 0,0.854 1.从相似性指数、Nei多样性指数和Shannon信息指数均显示F1代有杂种优势,并找到了种间特异性标记.     

红鳍笛鲷外周血细胞的显微结构观察

报道了红鳍笛鲷(Lutjanus erythopterus)外周血细胞的显微结构,血涂片经过Wright染色液染色,可区分出:红血细胞、血栓细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞等5种血细胞,无嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞。白血细胞中:血栓细胞体积最小,单核细胞体积最大;血栓细胞数目最多,嗜中性粒细胞和单核细胞数目最少;淋巴细胞有大中小3种类型:大淋巴细胞、中淋巴细胞和小淋巴细胞。此外,在外周血液中还观察到少量幼稚的红细胞,偶而可见正在分裂的红细胞,提示红细胞也可在外周血直接分裂。     

红鳍笛鲷(Lutjanus erythopterus)卵巢发育的组织学研究

本研究通过石蜡切片,苏木精-伊红染色对红鳍笛鲷(Lutjanus erythopterus)卵巢的发育进行了组织学研究,以期了解红鳍笛鲷的繁殖特性,为其人工繁殖和育苗提供参考资料。研究结果表明:红鳍笛鲷卵巢发育到生长成熟的过程,即卵巢从第1期发育到第4期,其生殖细胞可分为Ⅰ时相(卵原细胞),Ⅱ时相、Ⅲ时相、Ⅳ时相卵母细胞,在第2、3、4期卵巢中都发现有退化的卵母细胞形成的闭锁滤泡。4—6月龄卵巢分化完全,卵巢腔形成。卵原细胞从分散排列到成团排列在蓄卵板靠近卵巢腔一侧。8—25月龄的卵巢处于第2期,此时主要是Ⅱ时相的卵母细胞和卵原细胞,还有少数Ⅲ时相的卵母细胞。25月龄卵巢处于第3期,卵母细胞主要为Ⅲ时相和Ⅱ时相,也有少量的Ⅳ时相的卵母细胞,还有卵原细胞。2.5—3龄红鳍笛鲷卵巢可达4期,卵巢内多数为Ⅳ时相卵母细胞和Ⅲ时相卵母细胞,也有一定数量的Ⅱ时相卵母细胞和少数分散分布的卵原细胞。     

RAPD对红鳍笛鲷(♀)×千年笛鲷(♂)子一代杂种优势预测的分析

应用RAPD技术对红鳍笛鲷(♀)、千年笛鲷(♂)和红鳍笛鲷(♀)×千年笛鲷(♂)子一代3个群体的RAPD扩增带谱进行了分析,并对杂交子代F₁杂种优势进行了预测。从100个随机引物中筛选出35个扩增带丰富的引物进行扩增,共得到190条清晰稳定的扩增带,其中有176个扩增位点具有多态性,多态性位点比率为92.6%。红鳍笛鲷、F₁、千年笛鲷3个群体的遗传相似性指数分别为0.831 9,0.726 3,0.916 8;Nei多样性指数分别为0.174 5,0.264 0,0.118 4;Shannon信息指数分别为0.256 4,0.384 5,0.171 2。红鳍笛鲷(♀)-F₁,F₁-千年笛鲷(♂),红鳍笛鲷(♀)-千年笛鲷(♂)的遗传距离分别为0.397 2,0.317 0,0.854 1。从相似性指数、Nei多样性指数和Shannon信息指数均显示F₁代有杂种优势,并找到了种间特异性标记。     

北部湾红鳍笛鲷年龄与生长特性的初步研究

利用2006年7月～2007年8月北部湾渔业商业捕捞流刺网和底拖网渔获物中采集的样本,对北部湾红鳍笛鲷的年龄与生长特性进行了初步研究.结果表明,北部湾红鳍笛鲷优势年龄2～4龄,占61.29%;logistic生长模型为其最适生长模型,模型中的参数分别为:L∞=808.04mm,k=0.48,t0=3.48;体长与体重的生长拐点分别为3.48龄和5.43龄.     

红鳍笛鲷亲鱼培育及产卵技术研究

采用控温、营养强化的方法培育红鳍笛鲷(Lutjanuserythropterus)亲鱼 ,并结合激素诱导使其在1周年内每个月不间断产卵。实验亲鱼454尾 ,培育成活率为96% ,共采卵147150×104粒 ,平均每尾雌鱼年产卵量为541.0×104粒 ,人工催产卵的受精率为40 %～86.2 % ,自然产卵的受精率为68.3%～91.2%。     

红鳍笛鲷池塘人工育苗技术初步研究

本文报道了在海水池搪进行红鳍笛鲷人工育苗的实验结果．实验水温为26～32℃，盐度为25～31，经过33～35d的培育，3口池塘鱼的苗平均全长分别为35．3、32．3、28．5mm，成活率分别为16．7％、18．1％、7．8％．本文还对仔鱼的放养密度、生长状况、饵料系列以及池塘中主要生物饵料密度变化作了较为详细的阐述。     

红鳍笛鲷(Lutjnaus erythropterus)酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1基因克隆及表达分析

本文利用RACE技术克隆获得红鳍笛鲷(Lutjnaus erythropterus)酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1基因全长,并利用生物信息学方法对该基因的m RNA序列特征、氨基酸序列特征、分类及系统发生进行了分析。结果表明,在红鳍笛鲷中,酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1基因含有TYRP1a和TYRP1b两个拷贝,其中TYRP1a序列全长3178bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长1566bp,5?端235bp,3?端1377bp;TYRP1b基因c DNA全长1871bp,ORF区长1656bp,5?端89bp,3?端126bp。序列分析发现,TYRP1a和TYRP1b基因与其它物种的同源基因保守性较高,尤其是酪氨酸酶基因家族典型的酶活性位点序列在脊椎动物中具有高度保守性。进化分析发现,TYRP1a和TYRP1b基因的种间同源性高于两个基因间的同源性。荧光定量PCR数据分析表明,TYRP1a和TYRP1b基因都在眼睛部位具有最高表达,TYRP1b在黑色皮肤也有较高表达。结果可为进一步阐述TYRP1基因在红鳍笛鲷身体和眼睛部位的色素合成机制提供一定的理论基础。     

鮸鱼胚胎发育的研究

研究了人工繁殖时鮸鱼(Miichthys miiuy)胚胎的发育过程。鮸鱼受精卵呈圆球形,浮性,卵径为0.99~1.15 mm,中央大多具有1个油球,少数为2~3个或较多个油球。在水温为24.5~24.7℃,盐度为24的天然海水中,鮸鱼胚胎发育历时约21h 48 min孵化出膜。整个胚胎发育分为5个阶段,共21个发育期。     

驼背鲈的胚胎发育

对驼背鲈(Cromileptes altivelis)的胚胎发育过程进行了观察,描述其发育各期的形态特征及发育速度。驼背鲈成熟卵呈浮性,透明,平均卵径为810μm,油球一个。在水温25~27℃,盐度30条件下,胚胎发育时间为24 h 10 min。     

Spawning behaviour of snapper,Chrysophrys auratus,in captivity (note)

Spawning of snapper was observed in the public aquarium at Napier. Spawning males were characterised by a grey coloration and spawning females were the typical silvery‐pink colour. On four occasions spawning behaviour activity involved several males and one female and on one occasion it initially involved one male and one female, although other males joined in the spawning act. At each spawning event the female swam vertically towards the surface closely pursued by males. Eggs and sperms were released near the surface.     

Influence of age,size and condition factor on lipid concentration in the snapper Chrysophrys auratus

Survival, growth rates and functionality of larvae have been hypothesised to correlate with higher lipid provisioning in older teleosts. To test the lipid provisioning part of this hypothesis, we investigated the total and relative (mg/g) lipid (triglyceride) concentration in both the source (liver) and sink (gonad) lipidation organs of female snapper Chrysophrys auratus across age, size and condition factor throughout its spawning season. Age, size and condition factor had little discernible effect on the total or relative lipid concentration in either liver or gonadal tissue. Therefore, if oocyte quality (based on triglyceride concentration) is comparable across a population, research on the relationship between lipidomics and reproductive success needs to move beyond highlighting correlations to elucidating causation by focusing on the biochemical mechanisms of egg quality and larval survival, identifying maternal parameters associated with consistent lipid provisioning, and partitioning of phenotypic and genotypic maternal influences.     

黑棘鲷胚胎发育过程及特殊结构观察

驯化野生黑棘鲷（Acanthopagrus schlegelii）作为亲鱼,自然受精,通过溢水法收集发育同步的受精卵。受精卵孵化条件为水温（21．0±0．5）℃,盐度32～33,pH7．8～8．2,微充气。在奥林巴斯SZ61解剖镜下对黑棘鲷的胚胎发育进行观察,并使用CCD图像传感器拍照,描述了各发育时期的发育时序和形态...     

锯缘青蟹胚胎发育过程主要生化组成

锯缘青蟹胚胎３种主要生化组成以蛋白质含量为最高，脂类含量次之，碳水化合物含量最低。胚胎发育的结果导致三种主要生化组成含量降低，其中蛋白质减少了３９．０％，脂类、碳水化合物含量分别减少了１７．０％、７．７％，说明蛋白是青蟹胚胎发育的主要能源物质，这可能与动物适应热带、亚热带的水生环境有关。     

星斑川鲽胚胎发育的形态观察

为了掌握星斑川鲽早期发育的规律,2006年4月在实验室利用显微镜和显微数码摄像系统,通过电脑活体观察测量拍摄星斑川鲽受精卵胚胎发育和初孵仔鱼的形态特征,详细描述记录其发育过程和时间。星斑川鲽为游离的半浮性卵,无油球,卵径平均924μm。在水温11.0~12.6℃孵化,大约受精后1h30min胚盘形成,9h30min进入囊胚期,11h后进入原肠胚,35h左右进入胚体器官分化期,62h左右尾部游离,70h后心跳开始,胚体搐动,89h孵出。实验表明,星斑川鲽受精卵的孵化进度与水温相关。孵化时间(Ht)与水温T(℃)关系方程为Ht=1044.3T-0.9712(R2=0.9785)。     

Assessment of a shell bank and associated substrates as nursery habitat of postsettlement red snapper

Trawl surveys were conducted in 2000 and 2001 to examine patterns of distribution and abundance of postsettlement red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) on a shell bank, Freeport Rocks Bathymetric High (FRBH), in the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. In addition, otolith-based methods were used to determine age, hatch-date, growth and mortality of new recruits associated with FRBH. Date and region were significant factors affecting density of red snapper in 2000. Peak densities of red snapper were observed in July and August, and mean density among habitat types (shell bank, inshore mud, offshore mud) was similar (range: 50–52 ind hectare⁻¹) in 2000. Alternatively, a habitat effect was detected during a limited survey conducted in 2001, with density higher on the shell bank than inshore or offshore mud habitat. Postsettlement red snapper were first detected at approximately 16 mm standard length, and individuals less than 20 mm were present in all habitats. Estimated ages of red snapper ranged from 26 to 121 d, with new settlers (≤20 mm) typically less than 28 d. Predicted hatch dates ranged from early April to mid August with a single peak occurring from late May to early June. Growth rate for the April–May cohort (0.817 mm d⁻¹) was similar to the June–July cohort (0.830 mm d⁻¹). Habitat-specific differences in growth were observed, and rates were highest for individuals from the inshore habitat (0.881 mm d⁻¹). Mortality rates (Z) during the early post-settlement period were approximated using catch curves, and early life mortality of red snapper was 12.1% d⁻¹ (Z=0.129). While the difference in mortality between cohorts was negligible, a habitat-specific difference in mortality was observed. Mortality rate of red snapper inhabiting the inshore mud habitat (Z=0.045, 4.4% d⁻¹) was lower than rates observed for individuals on the shell bank (Z=0.120, 11.9% d⁻¹) or offshore (Z=0.099, 9.3% d⁻¹) habitat. Individuals residing in the inshore habitat had significantly higher growth rates and significantly lower mortality rates, suggesting that recruitment potential was higher for these individuals.     

宽壳全海笋受精和早期胚胎发育过程的细胞学观察

用普通光镜和石蜡切片技术,系统观察了宽壳全海笋卵子在受精和早期胚胎发育过程中的外形和核相变化。结果发现,宽壳全海笋成熟未受精卵呈梨形或卵圆形,核相处于第一次成熟分裂前期,有明显的生发泡和核仁;精子为鞭毛型,全长(44.042±1.166)μm,头部呈椭圆形,前端的顶体略呈钝锥状;在水温24℃条件下,精、卵混合后,精子迅速附着于卵子表面,启动卵子发育;受精后6~9 min,生发泡逐渐萎缩、破裂,随后精子进入卵内并轻微膨胀;受精后20,30 min,受精卵先后排出第一、第二极体,完成第一次和第二次成熟分裂;成熟分裂结束后,精、卵核体积迅速膨胀,核膜重新出现,形成弥散状的雌、雄原核,雄原核形成略早于雌原核;受精后40 min左右,雌、雄原核在卵子中央以原核联合的方式结合,随后联合核的染色体共同排列在纺锤体的赤道板上,形成第一次有丝分裂的中期分裂相;随着有丝分裂的进行,染色体被纺锤丝拉向两极,结果在受精后约50 min形成2个大小不等的卵裂球,第一次卵裂结束;第二次卵裂过程与第一次卵裂基本相同,只是卵裂方向与第一次卵裂基本垂直,在受精后65~70 min,第二次卵裂完成,形成1大3小4个卵裂球。另外,实验中发现了少量的多精入卵和多极分离现象。