高空间分辨率遥感影像最优分割结果自动确定方法EI北大核心CSCD

针对现有方法普遍存在不能充分顾及遥感影像多波段光谱信息,以及忽视遥感影像中地理要素的多尺度特性等问题,提出一种自动确定高空间分辨率遥感影像最优分割结果的非监督评价方法。该方法基于信息熵生成光谱信息离散度,利用光谱信息离散度构建能表达分割对象内部光谱均质性指标和分割对象与其相邻分割对象间光谱异质性指标。基于构建的光谱均质性和光谱异质性指标,采用“粗估计+精确定”的策略,逐步得到一个多级优化后的影像最优分割结果。本文在3个不同下垫面影像区域进行试验。结果表明,该方法能有效地实现自动确定高空间分辨率遥感影像最优分割结果,与现有方法相比,本文方法确定出的影像最优分割结果质量更高,与参考分割结果更加贴近。     

面向对象影像多尺度分割最大异质性参数估计

多尺度分割是遥感影像分析的关键步骤,影像分割过程中的尺度参数选择直接关系到面向对象影像分析的质量和精度。首先,总结了面向对象影像分析中尺度概念的内涵,分析遥感影像空间和属性两大基本特征,依据空间统计和光谱统计获得理论上最优的空间尺度分割参数、属性尺度分割参数。其次,运用了基于谱空间统计的高分辨率影像分割尺度估计方法,分析了分形网络演化多尺度分割与影像谱空间统计特征的关系,进而将基于谱空间统计的面向对象影像分析尺度参数应用于分形网络演化多尺度分割算法中,最后,对其参数的合理性进行验证。研究采用高空间分辨率IKONOS和SPOT 5影像数据,选择建筑实验区和农田实验区进行空间和光谱特征统计,以进一步估计分割中的最佳尺度参数。使用分形网络演化方法对图像进行分割,利用监督分类对本文提出的尺度估计方法进行验证,验证结果表明尺度估计方法可以一定程度上保证后续的面向对象影像分类的精度。不同于以往分割后评价的尺度选择方法会需要大量的运算量,本文方法不需要先验知识的参与,且在分割前就可以自适应地估计出相对较为合适的尺度参数,提高了面向对象信息提取的自动化程度。     

A comparative study of the segmentation of weighted aggregation and multiresolution segmentation

Multiresolution segmentation (MRS) algorithm has been widely used to handle very-high-resolution (VHR) remote sensing images in the past decades. Unfortunately, segmentation quality is limited by the dependency of parameter selection on users’ experience and diverse images. Contrarily, the segmentation by weighted aggregation (SWA) can partly overcome the above limitations and produce an optimal segmentation for maximizing the homogeneity within segments and the heterogeneity across segments. However, SWA is solely tested and justified with digital photos in computer vision field instead of VHR images. This study aims at evaluating SWA performance on VHR imagery. First, multiscale spectral, shape, and texture features are defined to measure homogeneity of image objects for segmentation. Second, SWA is implemented to handle QuickBird, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and GF-1 VHR images and further compared with MRS in eCognition software to demonstrate the applicability of SWA to diverse images in building, vegetation and water, forest stands, farmland, and mountain areas. Third, the results are fully evaluated with quantitative measurements on segmented objects and classification-based accuracy assessment on geographic information system vector data. The results indicate that SWA can produce higher quality segmentations, need fewer parameters and manual interventions, create fewer segmentation levels, incorporate more features, and obtain larger classification accuracy than MRS.     

A Tool Assessing Optimal Multi-Scale Image Segmentation

Image segmentation to create representative objects by region growing image segmentation techniques such as multi resolution segmentation (MRS) is mostly done through interactive selection of scale parameters and is still a subject of great research interest in object-based image analysis. In this study, we developed an optimum scale parameter selector (OSPS) tool for objective determination of multiple optimal scales in an image by MRS using eCognition software. The ready to use OSPS tool consists of three modules and determines optimum scales in an image by combining intrasegment variance and intersegment spatial autocorrelation. The tool was tested using WorldView-2 and Resourcesat-2 LISS-IV Mx images having different spectral and spatial resolutions in two areas to find optimal objects for ground features such as water bodies, trees, buildings, road, agricultural fields and landslides. Quality of the objects created for these features using scale parameters obtained from the OSPS tool was evaluated quantitatively using segmentation goodness metrics. Results show that OSPS tool is able determine optimum scale parameters for creation of representative objects from high resolution satellite images by MRS method.     

面向对象的多特征分级CVA遥感影像变化检测

变化矢量分析CVA方法在中低分辨率遥感影像变化检测中已得到广泛应用,但由于高分辨率遥感影像存在不同地物尺度差异大、不同类别地物光谱相互重叠的问题,因此对于高分影像的变化检测具有局限性。为提高高分影像变化检测精度,提出了一种面向对象的多特征分级CVA变化检测方法,首先,利用基于区域邻接图的影像分割方法分别对两时相遥感影像进行多尺度分割,提取分割图斑的光谱、纹理和形状特征;然后,在各级尺度下,分别运用随机森林方法进行特征选择,计算CVA变化强度图;最后,根据信息熵对多级变化强度图进行自适应融合,利用Otsu阈值法检测变化区域,并与仅考虑光谱特征的分级CVA变化检测方法、像元级多特征CVA变化检测方法以及仅考虑光谱特征的像元级CVA变化检测方法进行比较分析。实验表明:与比较方法相比,本文方法的变化检测精度较高,误检率和漏检率较低。     

多尺度图像分割和颜色传递的遥感图像彩色化增强

提出一种基于小波降噪、多尺度图像分割和颜色传递的遥感图像彩色化增强方法。该方法利用一种多尺度图像分割技术,将图像分割为若干子区域,在子区域之间进行亮度匹配和颜色传递,减少了颜色传递误差,再与采用软阈值方法的复数小波包降噪预处理相结合,来增强遥感图像的细节分辨能力。试验结果证明,基于图像分割和色彩传递相结合的方法,其参考彩色图像不需要与目标图像配准,只要特征、风格相近似,就可以对纹理结构相对较简单的全色遥感图像实现全自动的彩色化增强。彩色化的结果图像在美观程度及目标的可识别度上都有了明显增强。     

面向对象的高光谱遥感影像稀疏表示分类

稀疏表示用于高光谱遥感影像分类多是基于像素层次来处理的。文中提出一种面向对象的高光谱遥感影像稀疏表示分类方法。首先从高光谱影像中提取4个波段组成标准的多波段影像,进行面向对象的影像分割;然后计算各对象在各波段上的光谱均值,并选取少量样本进行训练;最后利用基于Fisher字典学习的稀疏表示进行高光谱遥感影像的分类。实验结果表明,该方法可以利用较少的样本得到较好的分类效果,与基于像素层的稀疏分类相比较,分类精度与效率均有所提高,分类结果更接近真实地物,避免了零碎图斑。     

一种基于统计学习理论的最小生成树图像分割准则

根据基于区域增长的面向对象图像分割的本质特点,将统计学习理论与最小生成树算法相结合,提出了一种基于统计学习理论的最小生成树图像分割准则。将该图像分割准则应用于多种遥感影像数据进行分割实验,其结果表明基于统计学习理论的最小生成树图像分割准则能通过简便的参数设置,即可以较好地实现不同尺度目标的图像分割,同时又能对纹理区域进行有效分割,能获得良好的区域边界和较好的抗噪声性能,并在海岸带大比例尺无人机正射影像的图像分割实践中得到了较好验证。     

一种改进的基于最小生成树的遥感影像多尺度分割方法

影像分割是遥感影像面向对象信息提取的基础步骤。基于多特征、多尺度及考虑空间关系的遥感图像分割是主流研究方向。本文基于eCognition软件的多尺度分割思想,引入基于图论的最优化理论,提出了基于最小生成树分割和最小异质性准则的多尺度分割方法。该方法采用相干增强各向异性扩散滤波和最小生成树分割得到初始分割结果,通过最小异质性合并准则同时考虑多波段光谱特性区域形状参数进行区域合并,实现多尺度的影像分割。本次研究选取两景试验影像,对本文方法和eCognition软件的多尺度分割方法开展了目视比较和定量指标评价,结果表明,本文提出的方法是一种有效的影像分割方法,在光谱差异较小区域的细分方面优于eCognition方法。     

结合对象关系特征的高分辨率卫星影像建筑物识别方法

基于面向对象特征影像分析的思想,提出了一种结合建筑物和阴影对象邻近关系特征的建筑物识别提取方法。在多尺度影像 分割的基础上,利用对象的光谱和形状等特征,建立简单的分类决策树,提取粗略的建筑物候选区和相对准确的阴影区。计算相邻 近阴影对象和建筑物对象的关系特征,建立简单的知识规则,即可从建筑物候选区中消除广场等噪音,获得准确有效的建筑物目标 信息。通过QuickBird卫星影像的实验,证明了该方法在高分辨率卫星影像建筑物目标识别中具有相当的适用性和准确性。     

高分辨率多光谱影像城区建筑物提取研究

城区高空间分辨率遥感数据由于存在大量同物异谱和异物同谱现象,应用传统的基于像元光谱分类的方法进行建筑物分类提取难以取得满意的效果。本文发展了一种从高分辨率Ikonos卫星影像上基于知识规则的面向对象分类提取城区建筑物方法,包括如下步骤：(1)融合1m全色和4m多光谱波段影像,生成1m分辨率的多光谱融合影像;（2）分割融合影像;（3）执行基于对象光谱的最近邻监督分类;（4）应用模糊逻辑分类器结合光谱、空间、纹理和上下文特征等知识规则进行建筑物分类。精度统计结果表明,本文提出的分类方法提取城区建筑物取得了93%的精度。     

Efficient paddy field mapping using Landsat-8 imagery and object-based image analysis based on advanced fractel net evolution approach

This paper proposes an efficient paddy field mapping method using object-based image analysis and a bitemporal data set acquired by Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager. In the proposed approach, image segmentation is the first step and its quality has a serious impact on the accuracy of paddy field classification. In order to improve segmentation quality, a new segmentation algorithm based on a frequently used method, fractal net evolution approach, is developed, with improvement mainly in merging criteria. In order to automate the process of scale parameter determination, an unsupervised scale selection method is utilized to determine the optimal scale parameter for the proposed image segmentation approach. After segmentation, four types of object-based features including geometric, spectral, textural, and contextual information are extracted and input into the subsequent classification procedure. By using a random forest classifier, paddy fields and nonpaddy fields are separated. The proposed image segmentation method and the final classification result are both quantitatively evaluated. Our segmentation method outperformed two popular algorithms according to three supervised evaluation criteria. The classification result with overall accuracy of 91.00% and kappa statistic of 0.82 validated the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Further analysis on feature importance indicated that spectral features made the most contribution as compared to the other three types of object-based features.     

Urban accessibility diagnosis from mobile laser scanning data

In this paper we present an approach for automatic analysis of urban accessibility using 3D point clouds. Our approach is based on range images and it consists in two main steps: urban objects segmentation and curbs detection. Both of them are required for accessibility diagnosis and itinerary planning.Our method automatically segments facades and urban objects using two hypotheses: facades are the highest vertical structures in the scene and objects are bumps on the ground on the range image. The segmentation result is used to build an urban obstacle map. After that, the gradient is computed on the ground range image. Curb candidates are selected using height and geodesic features. Then, nearby curbs are reconnected using Bézier curves. Finally, accessibility is defined based on geometrical features and accessibility standards.Our methodology is tested on two MLS databases from Paris (France) and Enschede (The Netherlands). Our experiments show that our method has good detection rates, is fast and presents few false alarms. Our method outperforms other works reported in the literature on the same databases.     

基于多尺度影像分割的面向对象城市土地覆被分类研究——以马来西亚吉隆坡市城市中心区为例

城市受人类活动影响比较大,结构组成比较复杂,对该区域进行分类研究存在一些问题。甚高分辨率遥感影像,以其丰富的细节信息为城市土地覆被分类研究提供了可能。本文结合使用甚高分辨率QuickBird遥感影像和激光扫描LIDAR数据,论述了利用多尺度、多变量影像分割的面向对象的分类技术对马来西亚基隆坡市城市中心区的土地覆被分类研究。针对特定地物选择合适的影像分割特征和分割尺度、按照合理的提取顺序逐步进行城市土地覆被信息提取。在建筑物的提取过程中构建了归一化数字表面模型nDSM,使用成员函数将建筑物信息提取出来。精度评价结果表明,利用该方法得到了理想的城市土地覆被分类结果,其分类总精度从常规面向对象分类方法的83.04%上升到88.52%,其中建筑物生产精度从60.27%增加到93.91%。     

A local approach to optimize the scale parameter in multiresolution segmentation for multispectral imagery

The results obtained using the object-based image analysis approach for remote sensing image analysis depend strongly on the quality of the segmentation step. In this paper, to optimize the scale parameter in a multiresolution segmentation, we analyse a high-resolution image of a large and heterogeneous agricultural area. This approach is based on using a set of agricultural plots extracted from official maps as uniform spatial units. The scale parameter is then optimized in each uniform spatial unit. Intra-object and inter-object heterogeneity measurements are used to evaluate each segmentation. To avoid subsegmentation, some oversegmentation is allowed, but is attenuated in a second step using the spectral difference segmentation algorithm. The statistical distribution of the scale parameter is not equal in all land uses, indicating the soundness of this local approach. A quantitative assessment of the results was also conducted for the different land covers. The results indicate that the spectral contrast between objects is larger with the local approach than with the global approach. These differences were statistically significant in all land uses except irrigated fruit trees and greenhouses. In the absence of subsegmentation, this suggests that the objects will be placed far apart in the space of variables, even if they are very close in the physical space. This is an obvious advantage in a subsequent classification of the objects.     

基于局域同质性梯度的遥感图像分割方法及其评价

提出了一种针对多波段遥感图像的快速分割方法.该方法首先对遥感图像进行量化,然后提取局域同质性梯度图像,进而利用快速分水岭变换进行初始分割,最后利用改进的区域合并方法获得最终的分割结果.利用Quickbird图像进行了相关的实验,并在像素数量误差准则的指导下进行了分割评价,结果表明所提出的方法是一种有效的遥感图像分割方法,在分割速度和精度等方面优于多分辨率分割方法.     

Evaluation of data fusion and image segmentation in earth observation based rapid mapping workflows

This paper is an exploratory study, which aimed to discover the synergies of data fusion and image segmentation in the context of EO-based rapid mapping workflows. Our approach pillared on the geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA) focusing on multiscale, internally-displaced persons’ (IDP) camp information extraction from very high spatial resolution (VHSR) images. We applied twelve pansharpening algorithms to two subsets of a GeoEye-1 image scene that was taken over a former war-induced ephemeral settlement in Sri Lanka. A multidimensional assessment was employed to benchmark pansharpening algorithms with respect to their spectral and spatial fidelity. The multiresolution segmentation (MRS) algorithm of the eCognition Developer software served as the key algorithm in the segmentation process. The first study site was used for comparing segmentation results produced from the twelve fused products at a series of scale, shape, and compactness settings of the MRS algorithm. The segmentation quality and optimum parameter settings of the MRS algorithm were estimated by using empirical discrepancy measures. Non-parametric statistical tests were used to compare the quality of image object candidates, which were derived from the twelve pansharpened products. A wall-to-wall classification was performed based on a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to classify image objects candidates of the fused images. The second site simulated a more realistic crisis information extraction scenario where the domain expertise is crucial in segmentation and classification. We compared segmentation and classification results of the original images (non-fused) and twelve fused images to understand the efficacy of data fusion. We have shown that the GEOBIA has the ability to create meaningful image objects during the segmentation process by compensating the fused image’s spectral distortions with the high-frequency information content that has been injected during fusion. Our findings further questioned the necessity of the data fusion step in rapid mapping context. Bypassing time-intensive data fusion helps to actuate EO-based rapid mapping workflows. We, however, emphasize the fact that data fusion is not limited to VHSR image data but expands over many different combinations of multi-date, multi-sensor EO-data. Thus, further research is needed to understand the synergies of data fusion and image segmentation with respect to multi-date, multi-sensor fusion scenarios and extrapolate our findings to other remote sensing application domains beyond EO-based crisis information retrieval.     

利用小波变换的高分辨率多光谱遥感图像多尺度分水岭分割

为了减少仅用分水岭变换而导致的过分割问题,本文提出利用小波变换的多尺度处理方式用于融合后多光谱QuickBird图像的分割。整个分割过程包括多尺度图像表示、图像分割、区域合并和结果映射等过程。首先,依据原始图像的大小确定分解尺度并用小波变换产生各波段的低尺度图像。采用相位一致模型提取各近似系数的梯度,并逐尺度地融合各梯度图。分析不同尺度下的不同地物的局部梯度方差,以选择最佳的小波分解尺度。然后,通过移动阈值与扩展最小变换,利用多层次标记提取方法标记均质区域。进而,在梯度重建的基础上利用标记分水岭变换得到分割图像。其次,采取空间相邻关系、面积、光谱与纹理等多约束策略,以搜索最小合并代价的方式合并最初分割区域中的邻接区域对。最后,修改细节子图并进行小波逆变换将最初分割结果投影到更高尺度图像,同时处理边界上的像元以保持区域边界直至原始图像。实验结果表明本文方法不仅能够用于高分辨率多光谱遥感图像的分割,而且缓解了过分割问题且取得了较准确的分割效果。     

结合光谱和纹理的高分辨率遥感图像分水岭分割

针对遥感图像分割时仅利用光谱信息容易造成过分割和边缘定位不准的问题,提出一种结合光谱强度和纹理信息的遥感图像分水岭分割算法。首先分别提取图像的光谱梯度和纹理梯度,提出一种改进双边滤波模型,滤除图像中的噪声的周时,采用了一种局部的平滑尺度,能够有效消除纹理信息,借助于滤波算法,分别对原图像和Gabor纹理特征图像进行平滑处理,利用边缘检测算子得到光谱梯度和纹理梯度。最后利用形态学膨胀方法进行融合融合,使用分水岭变换对图像分割。用三幅高分辨率彩色遥感图像数据进行实验,并与JSEG（Joint Systems Engineering Group）和多分辨率分割方法进行比较,结果表明该方法具有较高的边界定位准确性,同时降低了过分割和欠分割现象。