海水中铜(Ⅱ)-固体粒子-氨基酸相互作用的红外光谱研究

本文测定了“氨基酸一CU(Ⅱ)-氧化物、粘土、碳酸钙”体系的红外光谱。结果表明:(1)对于“氨基酸-固体粒子”体系,吸附态氨基酸通过其-NH_3~+基团,而不是-COO~_,与表面羟基缔合。(2)对于“氨基酸-Cu(Ⅱ)”表面络合物,氨基酸之-NH_3~+与表面羟基缔合,而-COO~-与Cu(Ⅱ)络合,形成S-AA-Cu表面三元络合物。(3)随着Cu(Ⅱ)交换量增加,固体粒子-氨基酸-Cu(Ⅱ)之间的相互作用使表面缔合羟基发生分级变化。     

海洋固体颗粒主要无机组份表面羟基形态分布特征

本文根据海洋固体颗粒主要无机组份表面羟基的酸碱特性，描述了其表面羟基存在形态随ＰＨ变化特征，并研究了据零电荷点定义直接由表面羟基分布曲线测定颗粒零电荷点ＰＨｐｚｃ的新方法。     

海水提铀水合氧化铁吸附剂的研究——HTO表面的研究

本文作为海水提铀水合氧化钛吸附剂研究,采用化学分析电子能谱(ESCA)、表面羟基测定、红外光谱(FTIR)、电子顺磁共振(EPR)、电感偶合等离子发射光谱(ICP)等方法对水合氧化钛(HTO)吸附剂进行研究,着重探讨其表面,并对吸附作用微观机理适当讨论。     

粗枝软骨藻化学成分研究

为了研究中国沿海海藻中的抗肿瘤活性成分,利用正相硅胶柱色谱和凝胶Sephadex LH-20色谱,从采自青岛的粗枝软骨藻(Chondria crasscaulis)中分离得到了5个化合物,经红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振光谱(1H NMR、13C NMR)以及质谱(MS)等现代波谱技术鉴定为loliolide(1),2-羟基苯甲醛(2),4-羟基苯甲醛(3),4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛(4)和4-羟基苯甲酸(5)。     

双苯甲酰胺类辣素结构化合物的合成、抑菌及防污性能

以N-羟甲基苯甲酰胺和取代芳烃为原料,合成了N-(3-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-羟基-4,5-二甲基苄基)苯甲酰胺(A)、N-(3-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-羟基-4,6-二甲基苄基)苯甲酰胺(B)、N-(4-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-羟基-3,6-二甲基苄基)苯甲酰胺(C)、N-(3-甲基-5-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-羟基苄基)苯甲酰胺(D)、N-(4-甲基-5-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-羟基苄基)苯甲酰胺(E)、N-(5-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-羟基-3-甲氧基苄基)苯甲酰胺(F)和N-(5-苯甲酰胺甲基-2-甲氧基-4-甲基苄基)苯甲酰胺(G)共7种双苯甲酰胺基取代的类辣素结构化合物。通过红外光谱(IR)和核磁氢谱(1 H NMR)对其结构进行了表征。抑菌试验结果表明化合物F和化合物G对2种受试菌金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑制活性最高,最小抑菌浓度均可达到0.125mg/mL。以该7种化合物为辅助防污剂,复合氧化亚铜制备海洋防污涂料,实海挂板120天后,除含D试片外其余6个试片均表面光洁无污损生物附着,表现出优良的防污性能。     

高光谱遥感技术在海洋研究的应用及展望

在分析高光谱遥感特点的基础上,从其在海洋应用的基础研究和在海洋与海岸带资源环境监测研究2个方面,论述了高光谱遥感在海水叶绿素浓度、悬浮泥沙含量、污染物和表层水温、海冰、海岸带探测的应用和研究进展,最后本文提出了高光谱遥感在海洋研究中着重发展的几个问题:(1)建设海洋及海岸带要素的地物光谱数据库;(2)开展海洋遥感信息系统建设;(3)开展基于高光谱遥感数据的海洋系统光学特性提取模型的研究;(4)开展基于高光谱遥感数据的海陆系统交互作用的环境效应研究.     

南海多金属结壳(核)铁锰矿物/海水界面效应与成矿元素的富集

海底铁锰结壳和结核是重要的海底矿产资源,蕴含着丰富的金属元素并且具有巨大的经济价值。本文主要以南海多金属结壳（核）为研究对象,采用X射线粉晶衍射（XRD）、激光拉曼光谱、红外光谱分析（FTIR）以及X射线光电子能谱对铁锰矿物的矿物学和谱学特征进行了系统的分析和研究。粉晶衍射和拉曼光谱分析结果表明,南海多金属结壳的矿物组成为水羟锰矿、石英和长石,结核的矿物组成为钡镁锰矿、水羟锰矿、石英和长石,铁相矿物均为无定形铁氧化物/氢氧化物,并且锰相矿物和铁相矿物的结晶程度均较差。红外光谱分析结果显示多金属结核和结壳中的铁锰矿物具有大量表面羟基,这些含质子表面羟基官能团,可为海水中各成矿元素的络合提供丰富的活性位点。XPS分析表明多金属结核和结壳中铁锰矿物表面以Fe、Mn和O元素为主,其中Fe呈正三价态,Mn以正四、正三价为主,可能还含有少部分正二价态。对比南海多金属结壳（核）与太平海山结壳,南海多金属结壳（核）具有更为显著的表面羟基氧（-OH）含量,而太平洋海山结壳则以晶格氧（O^2-）为主,表明太平洋海山结壳铁锰矿物结晶程度较南海多金属结壳（核）高。综合研究表明,在海底铁锰结壳和结核中（氢）氧化锰/铁矿物与海水之间界面效应对金属离子的富集机理主要有：（1）金属离子与矿物表面羟基进行络合反应,形成以配位键相连的羟基络合物,或与表面的质子交换生成稳定的内层络合物;（2）矿物的带电表面与金属离子通过静电作用形成双电层,生成外层络合物;（3）金属离子与矿物结构中的Mn、Fe离子同晶置换而成为结构阳离子。     

中国海洋航空高光谱遥感应用研究进展

详述了我国赤潮航空高光谱遥感应用研究的发展现状，对所发展的赤潮发现检测、生物优势种类识别、生物量分布特征提取技术及所建立的赤潮光谱数据库进行了详细介绍。概述了基于高光谱数据的溢油发生检测及面积信息提取、海冰发生检测及密集度信息反演、海岸带典型要素光谱波段敏感性等的研究进展。从遥感平台、成像光谱仪的角度对我国的海洋航空高光谱遥感发展进行了展望，简要介绍了建设中的国内首套适用于海洋环境与灾害快速监测的海洋航空遥感多传感器集成与应用系统。指出发展我国海洋航空高光谱遥感应用研究的3个关键问题：(1)大量获取海洋及海岸带要素的高光谱数据；(2)开展海洋及海岸带要素现场光谱数据的同步测量研究；(3)大力建设海洋及海岸带要素的地物光谱数据库。     

工业纯钛(TA2)在南海三亚海洋环境试验站海水全浸的生物污损与腐蚀

为探明工业纯钛TA_2在热带海域中的腐蚀与污损,在南海三亚海洋环境试验站进行了为期0.5年、1年、2年、3.5年四个周期的全浸试验。对3.5年周期的试验样品,利用解剖镜鉴定了生物污损群落的组成、利用金相显微镜观察、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscopy, SEM)及红外光谱分析技术分析了基体和腐蚀产物的微观形貌,确定了钛板表面的元素和产物。结果表明,钛板表面由基底的二氧化钛膜、管栖多毛类、微藻等的微型生物和有机、无机颗粒组成的腐蚀产物皮膜所覆盖。和同纬度热带海域相比生物污损轻微,试板上(可视生物)仅有3～5个而且种类少、数量少、个体小。钛板基体表面未发生局部腐蚀。     

新型防污剂辣素衍生物的合成、抑菌性及防污性能研究

合成了3种新型含辣素衍生结构的丙烯酰胺衍生物HMOBA、BMA和HMMBA,通过红外光谱(IR)和核磁波谱(1 HNMR)对其结构进行了表征。抑菌性实验证明了合成的化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有良好的抑制作用,抑菌效果为BMA>HMOBA>HMMBA,其中BMA的对两种菌的最小抑菌浓度均可达0.062 5mg/mL。以合成的化合物为防污剂制备了海洋防污涂料,186d的实海挂板几乎没有附着任何海洋污损生物。     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.