地质灾害监测无线自动化采集传输系统的研究与应用

地质灾害监测数据自动化采集传输相对其他行业有其特殊性,但各种自动化的测量仪器及通讯手段的迅猛发展,又为地质灾害监测的自动化提供了有利条件。介绍了基于GPRS/GSM网络的远程数据采集传输系统的研究和在地质灾害实时监测示范站中的应用。结果表明,基于GPRS/GSM网络方式构建网络化灾害监测系统是可行的、经济的和方便的,也是地质灾害监测技术发展的必然趋势。     

基于MS4W和GPRS／GSM的车辆综合监控系统设计与实现

GPS技术、WebGIS技术和GPRS／GSM技术的有机结合,为移动目标进行远程监控调度提供了手段。为实现对物流运输公司的车辆进行实时监控,设计并实现了基于MS4W和GPRS／GSM的车辆综合监控系统一系统涉及用于获取车辆GPS定位数据的通讯工作站、基于B／S四层模式的Web车辆监控平台等关键技术。实现的系统已经应用于上海多家物流运输公司,均取得良好效果,结果表明,系统具有实用性、安全性、可靠性和实时性,可以有效远程监控所有在GSM网覆盖范围内的移动目标：本文主要介绍该系统的总体设计思想、系统功能、关键技术和应用实例．     

贵州都匀马达岭地质灾害链的自动化监测

贵州省都匀市马达岭地灾体自2003年起间歇发生小规模崩塌,2006年5月18日持续降雨诱发大规模滑坡。崩滑体产生的碎屑流被采空区内蓄积的老窑水卷携并铲刮沟道残坡积物冲向下游形成泥石流。该地质灾害由崩塌、滑坡以及次生泥石流所组成,呈现连锁反应,形成了崩滑流灾害链。以贵州省马达岭地质灾害链为研究对象,基于现场地质环境条件调研和地质灾害链发育规律研究,确定以雨量、相对位移、倾角、渗压水头、泥位、次声为监测指标,在崩滑体后缘和泥石流沟口部位分别布置了相应的自动化监测仪器,形成了集自动采集、无线传输、数据解析、分析决策和预警预报为一体的地质灾害链自动化监测系统。监测系统运行状况显示,该监测系统能够较好地反映该地质灾害链的变形特征,可为该地质灾害链的预警预报提供技术支撑。     

基于手机短信的无线传感器网络的远程数据传输

通过手机短信激活GPRS连接,实现无线传感器的双路(GPRS模式与GSM模式)远程数据传输,以期达到GPRS模式和GSM模式之间的功能互补,增强了远程数据传输的稳定性和可靠性。描述了该方法的具体实现过程,给出了相关程序,在新疆煤田自燃火区监测中对系统进行了实际测试。结果表明,该系统可以准确、实时地实现无线传感器网络的远程数据传输。      

山区公路路基边坡地质灾害远程监测预报系统开发及应用

针对山区公路路基边坡点状分布、数量较多、规模相对较小且易受人类活动和环境变化影响的特点,确立了以位移和降雨量为主的监测原则,基于GPRS技术,集成触发式位移计、容栅式雨量计、数据采集传输模块和太阳能供电装置,形成了经济、节能、高效的单体边坡远程监测硬件系统。采用Visual C++网络编程技术,以SQL Server2005为数据库平台,开发了地质灾害远程监测预报软件系统,实现了数据的远程实时接收和可视化分析管理。由于公路边坡变形破坏模式多样,系统还集成了多种时间预测模型,建立了边坡变形预报模型库。通过在常吉高速公路的安装运行,系统成功地进行远程实时监控,保障了极端天气下公路的安全运营。     

GPRS技术及其在地质灾害监测中的应用

我国是地质灾害多发地区。地质灾害的监测是地质灾害防治的一个重要环节。然而现场监测往往会危及工作人员的生命安全。根据目前的技术状况,利用网络通讯,研究及开发地质灾害远程实时遥控、遥测与数据双向传输已成为可能。这项新技术不仅使灾害监测的管理者、决策者与专家随时观察灾害现场监测参数变化,而且通过监测网络,将处理意见反馈到监测站,对实时观测灾害现场动态提供重要的技术支持。将GPRS技术应用到地质灾害的监测中,可以很好地实现地质灾害的远程自动化监测。从而为地质灾害的防治、预警开辟一条新思路。文章阐述了GPRS技术,并对GPRS技术在地质灾害监测中的应用进行了探讨。     

四川泸定MS6.8级地震区湾东河流域泥石流活动性预测

2022年9月5日四川泸定县发生M_S 6.8级地震,地震诱发大量同震崩滑体,并导致湾东河断流。基于现场调查、影像解译和区域地质资料分析,采用空间统计和水文计算的方法,对湾东河流域同震崩滑体分布特征和潜在泥石流危险性进行了研究。结果表明：湾东河流域内同震崩滑体主要分布在地震烈度Ⅸ度区,规模以中小型为主,主要沿沟道两侧展布,尤其是单薄山脊两侧临空面发育密度较大,距断层距离和坡度对其分布具有明显的控灾效应;未来湾东河流域暴发溃决型泥石流的冲出量可能为同等触发条件下震前泥石流的约两倍。依此提出了加强流域内溃决型泥石流风险防范,尽快通过综合监测预警获取泥石流发生的临界雨量值,在泥石流防治工程设计中应充分考虑泥石流规模放大系数等防灾减灾建议,为泸定地震后泥石流灾害防灾减灾提供科学参考。     

BH-1型崩滑体多参数自动化监测仪的研究与应用

基于对研究滑坡体在发生前后的变化过程和规律,进行了无线传输技术和自动化监测技术的研究,开发了为地质灾害监测预警所需的BH-1型崩滑体多参数自动化监测仪。通过对整个崩滑体的物理性能、位移形态变化的实时监测,研究自动化监测技术,实现对崩滑体多种物理、位移形态参数的全程实时监测。通过对多种参数的分析,实现对崩滑体变化规律的预判,推动地质灾害监测技术的进步。     

西藏易贡高位远程滑坡研究进展与展望

高位远程滑坡指剪出口高、滑动距离长、体积大和速度快的滑坡,具有强动能、强烈碎屑化-流体化、铲刮效应等特征,滑坡及其诱发的灾害链对人类生命财产安全、路桥基础设施、水利水电工程等危害巨大。在遥感解译和野外调查的基础上,总结了2000年西藏易贡高位远程滑坡的研究进展,分析了滑坡启滑机制、体积、运动速度、堰塞湖体积、溃坝机制等,进一步揭示了内外动力耦合作用是西藏易贡高位远程滑坡的主要影响因素,以及该滑坡具有溯源侵蚀复发型的周期性启滑机制。基于GIS与高精度DEM进一步核算了易贡高位远程滑坡的体积,认为滑源区崩滑体体积约9225×10⁴ m³,滑坡堆积体体积约为2.81×10⁸～3.06×10⁸ m³,其中堆积体体积与国内外研究的认识基本一致。易贡滑坡崩滑源区还发育2个潜在失稳区,潜在崩滑体方量约1.86×10⁸ m³,一旦失稳可能再次形成滑坡-堵江-溃坝灾害链,危害巨大,故提出了进一步加强易贡高位远程滑坡潜在崩滑体稳定性研究、灾害链流域性影响...     

高速远程崩滑及其形成条件初探

高速远程崩滑所造成的地质灾害极为严重,波及范围大,早已引起国内外工程技术人员的关注.2008年5·12汶川8级地震所诱发的崩塌和滑坡数以万计,其中高速远程崩滑数量虽不多,但是灾害严重.与一般崩塌和滑坡相比,高速远程崩滑的形成条件究竟有何差异？为了预测高速远程崩滑灾害的严重性和波及范围,以便为国土规划和防治对策设计提供依...     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861