大口径绳索取心钻具在特厚软煤中的取心应用

煤层气参数井因需准确获取煤层及其气体含量参数,绳索取心技术因结构简单、钻进效率高、岩矿心质量好、钻获煤心时间短等显著优点已在煤层气井取心中广泛应用。主要介绍了大口径绳索取心钻具在鹤壁六矿某煤层气参数井+生产井的应用中,根据选用大口径取心工具的结构特点,针对目的煤层为特厚软煤的客观地质条件,总结出了较为合理的取心钻进工艺参数和技术保障措施,取得了较好的效果。     

煤层气钻井工程中几个重点技术问题的探讨

论述了煤层气钻井过程中储层保护及钻井液技术，煤层气堵漏技术，煤层气井取心技术，煤层气固井技术等问题。     

煤层气储层保护技术研究

为了准确测定煤层含气量，要求取心作业必须有高的收获率和尽可能短的提钻及出筒装罐时间。本文针对煤层气储层的特点，探讨了煤层气井取心技术及储层保护技术。     

中国煤层气勘探开发技术

中国煤层气资源丰富，近１０年在煤层气勘探开发技术方面形成了包括煤层气钻井取心、试井、完井、强化压裂和排采系统配套的工程工艺技术。介绍了这套煤层气勘探开发工程工艺技术的基本内容、特点及应用情况。     

国外煤层气储层数值模拟技术的现状及发展趋势

煤层气储层数值模拟是煤层气资源勘探和开效手段.本文回顾了国外煤层气储层数值模拟技术的发展历程;重点介绍了煤层气储层模拟数学模型的类型、典型模型及软件;评述了不同类型模型及软件的特点及应用效果;简要分析了煤层气储层数值模拟技术的发展趋势.     

大直径加重管绳索取心技术在页岩气勘探中的应用研究

根据页岩气、煤层气勘探对钻探技术的特殊要求,进行了大直径绳索取心技术的探索研究。文中重点介绍了加重管组合式绳索取心钻具的结构、作用原理及特点,以及施工试验效果。通过施工实践的启示,对大直径绳索取心技术的发展提出了几点认识。     

煤炭资源勘查中的煤层气兼探技术与方法

煤层作为煤层气的地质载体,煤层气与煤炭资源兼探是国家矿产资源管理的强制性规定。通过近年来兼探项目的实践,梳理了煤炭资源勘查过程中涉及到的煤层气资源评价规范。在此基础上,从勘查思路、勘查方法、工作任务、报告编制等环节,明确了煤炭资源勘查过程中煤层气勘查方法。根据煤层气勘查方法的特殊性,总结了兼探过程中煤层气地震、测井、钻井、录井、排采等技术及工程质量验收方法,提出了煤炭资源勘查全过程煤层气勘查技术体系。分析发现,现有兼探方法和技术存在若干需要解决的技术问题,如勘查规范滞后、煤炭与煤层气综合勘查缺乏技术标准体系、瓦斯采样方法落后、煤炭资源勘查实施方案审查中对煤层气兼探技术方案把关不严等。由此,进一步提出了相关的对策和建议,包括及时修订DZ/T 0215-2002《煤、泥炭地质勘查规范》、瓦斯采样采用绳索取心技术、将瓦斯地质工作纳入煤层气地质工作体系、在低含气量矿区先期进行煤层气资源潜力评价等。      

沁南煤层气参数井钻井工艺

结合工程实例，对沁南煤层气参数井成井目的、技术要求和施工过程进行了详细论述，特别对于钻进过程中取心及防斜打直技术进行了详细总结。     

定向钻进技术在煤层气勘探中的应用

为有效开采煤层气，应用定向钻进技术施工煤层气定向井。根据定向井的不同施工阶段（直井、造斜、增斜、稳斜），以及所钻遇地层、井深、位移等不同情况，进行钻具合理组合及施工参数选择，并依照技术要求，采取相应技术措施。在钻进过程工中，使用闸带控制及高压喷射钻进，以提高钻进设率。     

煤层气井压裂技术方法研究与应用

压裂工艺是实现煤层气井强化增产目标的关键工艺技术。煤层气特殊的储集及条件使煤层敢井区裂在许多方面具有不同于常规油气井压裂的特点和技术要求，本文概述了煤层气井压裂的作用与特殊问题，介绍了煤层气压裂前地层评价与压裂评井选层，设计与优化方法，压裂施工实时模拟分析技术，压裂压力分析技术以及压裂液试验评价技术的基本内容，这些技术在柳林等煤层气勘探开发试验区实验区实践中取得良好的应用效果，对我国煤层气井压裂施     

Late Cretaceous to Miocene and Quaternary deformation history of the Chalk: Channels,slumps, faults,folds and glacitectonics

Late Cretaceous Chalk sedimentation history across the British Isles included (i) fault controlled uplift and subsidence in Northern Ireland and the Inner Hebrides and (ii) uplift along the lines of en echelon folds in Southern Britain and northern France. Synsedimentary slump folds and downslope displacement structures are compared with penecontemporaneous interbed slides and later tectonic folds and faults. Compressional strike-slip tectonic processes at Flamborough Head, Yorkshire, illustrate intra-Chalk slump beds in a half-graben setting. Progressive ‘growth’ of structures characterises early downslope slump folding, interbed sliding and some listric faulting. Sheet-flints replacing slide shear planes and early fractures provide evidence for early movements. Availability of open-slopes or the depth of burial under which the range of structures developed is reflected in the degree of disruption and fragmentation of chalk and flint. Fragmentation provides clues to the timing of events and origin of the Late Campanian Altachuile Breccia (Northern Ireland) and the Coniacian Hope Gap slides (Sussex). Fragmentation and formation of sheet flints together help distinguish intra-Chalk tectonics from Quaternary glacitectonic structures.The role of marl seams, high porosity chalk beds and hardgrounds on bed-sliding, décollement zones and disruption of chalk blocks from bedrock in glacitectonics is discussed. Chalk formations with marl seams develop a special style of fracturing related to early interbed sliding and pore-fluid escape structures. Marl-seams are shown to be primary sedimentary features and not the products of post depositional pressure-solution. More than any other formation the Late Santonian – Early Campanian Newhaven Chalk contains extensive sheet-flints and shows great lateral variation in thickness and lithology across the fold belts of southern England and northern France.     

辽河东部凹陷新生界火成岩岩性、岩相特征和储层控制因素

基于110口探井1 100 m岩心、500余口探井总长107 000 m火成岩井段资料,通过岩心观察、岩矿鉴定、物性测试和含油气性分析,研究了辽河坳陷东部凹陷新生界不同层系火成岩岩性、岩相发育特征和储层控制因素。结果显示：本区发育火山岩、侵入岩、沉火山碎屑岩3大类16种岩性,其中玄武岩类占91.0%;发育6相16种亚相,其中溢流相占63.0%;发育4类9种储集空间,次生孔隙和次生裂缝占主体。砾-粒间孔隙和裂缝发育的粗面岩类、玄武质火山碎屑（熔）岩和火山口-近火山口相带的侵出相、火山通道相和爆发相是最有利的储集岩性、岩相带。储层主要受岩性、岩相、断裂等多方面控制,岩性决定储集空间类型和储层微观特征,岩相控制储层宏观分布规律,断裂控制岩体分布范围、火山口位置和储层有效性。近油源、靠断裂的优势岩性、岩相带是火成岩油气勘探最有利目标。     

中国南方早中三叠世岩相古地理

在各基于剖面的地层学及定量岩石学研究的基础上,采用单因素分析综合作图法,编制出了中国南方早中三叠世飞仙关期(印度期)、嘉陵江期(奥伦期)、雷口坡期(安尼期)和天井山期(拉丁期)的各种单因素基础图件及定量岩相古地理图。在这种古地理图中,各一、二、三级古地理单元的确定都有定量的单因素数据为依据。各期岩相古地理的特征可概括为陆海相间,台盆相间,台中有盆,盆中有台,台中有滩和坪,台盆间有斜坡。各期岩相古地理有明显的继承性和发展性。从早三叠世飞仙关期到中2叠世天井山期,是一个较大的海退过程。这种定量的岩相方地理图,为中国南方中下三叠统的油气勘探提供了科学依据。     

场地和断层对埋地管道破坏的影响分析

场地条件和断层活动是埋地管道破坏的主要原因,避免因为场地岩土和断层的影响而造成管道破坏,是城市地下生命线工程建设中急需解决的问题。采用ADINA软件的Parasolid建模方式,通过定义合适的体类型和布尔操作,建立了埋地管道破坏分析的几何模型,实现了土体－断层－管道破坏有限元建模。借助模型参数选择,确定了基岩与岩土性质、管道特性等模型参数;定义了管-土摩擦和约束条件、地震波和断层位移荷载等。依据计算结果,分析了场地条件和断层参数对地下管道地震破坏的影响;结果表明：管道埋藏越深,断层断距越大,管道的变形越大,破坏越严重。给出了管-土摩擦系数和断层与管道交角的最优值,并给出了几点工程建议。     

新疆库车坳陷逆掩断裂在油气运聚中的作用

在研究新疆库车坳陷逆掩断裂、源岩和盖层空间发育特征的基础上,研究了逆掩断裂与源岩、盖层的空间匹配关系.认为断穿源岩、盖层的逆掩断裂则是油气散失的通道;勾通源岩,但未断穿盖层的逆掩断裂则是油气聚集的输导通道,它们控制着库车坳陷油气的聚散及其在空间上的分布.在研究库车坳陷逆掩断裂活动史和源岩排烃史、盖层封闭能力形成史的基础上,研究了逆掩断裂与源岩、盖层的时间匹配关系,认为盖层与源岩的时间匹配关系控制着可供运移的油气量;逆掩断裂与源岩的时间匹配关系控制着可供聚集的油气量,盖层与逆掩断裂的时间匹配关系控制着油气的富集量.     

Domestic temporalities: Nature times in the house-as-home

Studies of domestic temporalities have emphasised the timing of social activities and interactions in the home, including how family members negotiate their use of home spaces and technologies, the impact of flexible work practices on home, and the organisation of care and mothering activities. But home is also shaped by the rhythms and times of nonhumans that inhabit, travel through and are part of the house-as-home; it is further shaped by the environment outside home. Drawing inspiration from recent discussions of nature times the paper explores the more-than-human temporalities of domestic space. It charts the ageing and decay of house structures, the disruption caused by nocturnal animals, and the seasonal cycles of sunlight and plant growth that immediately surround the home, attending to the ways that these events shape everyday experiences of home and homemaking. These times and rhythms are examined through interviews undertaken with people living with uninvited brushtail possums in the ceilings of their homes, interviews and diaries completed by new dog owners, interviews with gardeners, and analysis of popular Australian homemaking magazines. These stories emphasise the dynamic and unfolding nature of the house-as-home as a hybrid timespace produced through an ongoing entwinement of human and nonhuman, living and non-living, culture and nature.     

On size and boundary effects in scaled model blasts—fractures and fragmentation patterns

This contribution is the third part of a paper addressing size and boundary effects on explosively induced wave propagation, fracturing and fracture pattern development in small scale laboratory specimens, which are frequently used for model blast tests. Small cylindrical and block type specimens fabricated from concrete, sandstone and amphibolite are centre-line loaded by linear explosive charges and supersonically detonated. Using shock wave theory, elastic wave propagation theory, and fracture mechanics it is shown that the type of boundary conditions prescribed at the outer boundary of the cylinder controls the extension of stem cracking and the development of the fragmentation pattern within the body of the cylinder and the cube specimens. In the case of a composite specimen, where a cylindrical core of different material is embedded in a cylinder or in a cube, the level of fracturing and fragmentation is controlled by the conditions and possible de-lamination of the interface which, in turn, depends on the relative dimensions of the core and the block. Using known results from the theory of wave interaction with free boundaries and interfaces it will be shown that the fracture strain and the notch sensitivity of the material expressed by imperfections play an important role. Equally important is the ratio between the length of the pulse (space-wise or time-wise) and the characteristic dimensions of the models. Axi-radial boundary cracks and spalling will be explained on the basis of earlier wave propagation studies associated with supersonic blasting. Theoretical results are in good agreement with numerical simulations and recent experimental findings.     

铁锰氧化物对苯酚氧化降解的实验研究

为了考察铁锰氧化物对酚类污染物的氧化降解能力,采用天然以及合成的铁锰氧化物对苯酚的氧化降解进行对比实验研究。土壤中铁锰氧化物样品分别为天然针铁矿及氧化锰,合成铁锰氧化物样品分别为合成针铁矿及软锰矿。结果表明：苯酚与铁锰氧化物发生氧化还原作用时,还可能与土壤中杂质发生吸附等作用;铁锰氧化物还原反应强度随着反应介质pH值的升高而迅速下降;可用零级反应动力学方程拟合铁氧化物还原溶解反应,针铁矿溶解反应的强度与介质的pH值呈负相关关系;天然针铁矿对酚类污染物的氧化降解能力明显高于合成针铁矿,pH值对天然针铁矿溶解反应影响较大;可用一级指数衰减方程拟合锰氧化物还原溶解反应,锰氧化物溶解反应的强度与介质的pH值呈指数衰减关系;pH值对软锰矿还原溶解反应的影响大于对土壤中氧化锰的影响,pH值越小,影响越显著;对比pH值对铁和锰还原作用的影响发现,在pH=6.5时,锰氧化物仍有较强的氧化性能。     

沉积盆地动力学研究的新进展

沉积盆地动力学研究在９０年代向多维、多角度、多种研究手段相结合的方向迈进。多维体现在盆地研究延拓至岩石圈层次、上部脆性变形与下部韧性变形相结合，造山带研究与盆地研究相结合，流变学、应力状态等随时间变化影响盆地动力学演化研究方面；同时，构造时间非线性因素也制约着盆地动力学历程。多角度体现在对制约盆地演化的热、应力与重力因素的综合研究，对盆地形成的热作用研究进一步加强，对岩石圈应力的时空演化与岩石圈形变对盆地动力学的影响有了深刻的认识，对重力的成盆作用有了新的探讨。多种研究手段如数值模拟、构造物理模拟实验以及二者的结合等已用来研究沉积盆地动力学演化。     

Mineralogy of Holocene Sediments from the Southwestern Black Sea Shelf (Turkey) in Relation to Provenance, Sea-level and Current Regimes

Grain size and mineral composition of core sediments were used to investigate influences of various terrestrial and marine conditions, which have prevailed on the southwestern Black Sea shelf during the Holocene. Siliciclastic mud with small amounts of sand and gravel from nearby coastal hinterland is the principal sediment type, whereas sediments deposited near the shelf edge and the Istanbul Strait and off the Duru Lake （a paleo-river mouth） constitued large quantities of sand and gravel of both biogenic and terrigenic origin. Variable amounts of aragonite, 1 nmmicas, quartz, feldspars, calcite and dolomite constitute the dominant non-clay minerals in bulk sediments. The clay mineral assemblage in the 〈 2 μm fraction is made up of smectite, illite, kaolinite and chlorite. Aragonite and calcite are mainly derived from benthic accumulations, whereas feldspars （mainly plagioclase） and smectite reflect magmaticvolcanic provenance and the distribution of 1 nm-micas and chlorite correlate with nearby metamorphic sources onland. Nevertheless, grain size and mineral distribution generally indicate a combination of effects of wind and wave climate, longshore and offshore cyclonic currents, changing sea-level stands and nearby source rock and morphological conditions. It is also suggested that at least part of clay minerals could be derived from the northwesterly Danube River input.