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路径描述是日常生活中常见的地理空间信息应用方式,涉及到自然语言与地图语言的表达及转换关系。本文采用认知实验的方法,对自然语言的路径描述及其认知过程进行分析,研究了路径认知与表达上所涉及的空间关系,总结了利用自然语言表达地图空间信息的规律和习惯用法。 相似文献
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空间信息的自然语言表达是一个横跨空间信息科学和语言学的交叉研究。以空间信息作为研究对象,立足语言学提供方法论,从语用、语义和句法三个独特视角剖析其结构特征,提出完整的自然语言表达模型。从语用视角,分析可视化地图表达和自然语言表达的不同语境特征及其互补性;从语义视角,分别分析并建立空间信息的空间、属性和空间关系等三大特征到自然语言中的方位词、词汇(名词或形容词)和短语的映射关系,之后归纳形成空间场景到句群的映射思路;从语法视角,分析并构建空间方位(位置、距离和方向)和拓扑关系的计算规则。 相似文献
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首先,从空间认知语言学的角度研究了空间关系自然语言描述中谓词、量词等的分类方法;然后,在分析空间查询语言特点的基础上建立了自然语言空间查询的4类句法模式;最后,设计了一个基于自然语言空间关系的空间查询系统框架,并进行了初步实现。 相似文献
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地图上居民地空间信息的特征度量法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
地图的基本功能之一是载负和传输空间信息。地图空间信息量是衡量地图上空间要素及其关系与要素空间分布状况复杂程度的定量描述指标,可为制图综合和质量评价提供依据。本文以地图上居民地空间信息度量为研究对象,从地图空间信息的本质特征出发,结合空间信息认知的层次性特点,将居民地空间特征划分为三个层次,并相应地将其空间信息构成划分为:元素层次居民地面要素的几何形态信息、邻域层次相邻居民地的空间关系信息、整体层次居民地的聚群结构信息。进而,分别建立三个层次空间特征的定量描述指标,在此基础上建立基于空间特征的几何形态信息、分布关系信息和聚群结构信息度量方法。最后,通过试验分析验证了所提方法的合理性和优越性。 相似文献
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传统GIS中,文本常常被作为非空间信息而被忽视.而在实际应用中,很多有关空间位置的描述都是以文本途径来体现的.文本方式已经成为人们表达和接受空间信息的主要方式之一.地名是文本中最常见的空间信息表达内容.提出了一种基于文本地名自动识别的空间信息检索新方法,从自然语言形态的文本数据中实现地名的自动识别,并将识别的地名与空间... 相似文献
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GIS中自然语言空间关系定义 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
针对现有空间关系描述方法的缺点,基于一种新的方向关系——细节方向关系,并结合外部方向关系、拓扑关系,研究了自然语言空间关系的定义和描述方法及其在空间数据库中的查询实现。 相似文献
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传统GIS中,文本常常被作为非空间信息而被忽视。而在实际应用中,很多有关空间位置的描述都是以文本途径来体现的。文本方式已经成为人们表达和接受空间信息的主要方式之一。地名是文本中最常见的空间信息表达内容。提出了一种基于文本地名自动识别的空间信息检索新方法,从自然语言形态的文本数据中实现地名的自动识别,并将识别的地名与空间数据进行关联显示,实现文本中地名信息的空间定位与显示。 相似文献
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基于空间语义角色的自然语言空间概念提取 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
根据空间信息的特点,从定义的空间语义角色入手,通过语义角色标注、短语识别以及概念模式匹配等手段,具体分析了自然语言中的空间实体、实体间空间关系以及空间过程的表达与提取方法。 相似文献
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空间查询中自然语言空间关系与度量空间关系的转换方法研究:以面目标为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以面目标为例,首先探讨度量空间关系的描述方法,即拓扑谓词+度量参数,建立拓扑谓词与度量参数之间的对应关系;然后从人的认知角度,分析空间关系的自然语言描述,即拓扑谓词+量词,区分模糊量词和临界量词两类量词,并分别用来描述邻近拓扑谓词相互转化过程中的定量变化和定性变化;最后,分析度量参数与量词之间的关联关系,试图建立空间查询中度量空间关系与自然语言空间关系之间的联系,从而更好地应用于空间查询.Abstract: Spatial relations between spatial entities can be obtained by two means. One is computed and obtained by spatial data, and the other is obtained by human spatial cognition. So, they are named as metric spatial relations and natural-language spatial relations, respectively. This paper is focused on filling the gap between these two kinds of spatial relations. For this purpose, regions are taken as example, and three steps are included. Metric spatial relations ore first depicted by combining topological predicates with metric parameters, where a mapping is built between the topological predicates and the metric parameters. Second, natural-language spatial relations are represented by combining topological predicates with quantifiers, where quantifiers are differentiated into two types:vague quantifiers and critical quantifiers. They are respectively used to describe quantitative and qualitative change in the process of the transformation between neighboring topological predicates. Finally, the association between metric parameters and quantifiers is further illustrated and analyzed by a questionnaire. With these three steps, the linkage can be built between metric spatial relations and natural-language spatial relations. The proposed methods have been proven to be rational by the performances of spatial query. 相似文献
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矢量GIS空间方向关系的演算模型 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
空间方向关系是描述空间目标间位置分布的一类基本空间约束,在GIS中是由形式化模型描述的。但现有模型由于简化假设过多,其描述分辨率较低。以点/点空间方向关系的计算量为基础,在综合考虑空间目标的几何构成和分布关系后,提出了定量化演算空间方向关系的一种新模型。利用该模型的结果,根据定量表达与定性描述之间的转换函数,可以得到相应的定性描述结果。理论分析和算例表明,新模型对目标间距离和目标本身的形状等影响方向关系的参数更为敏感,因而比现有模型有更高的描述分辨率。 相似文献
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GIS, with their predominantly visual communication of spatial information, may appear to have little to offer people with visual impairments or blindness. However, because GIS store and manage the spatial relations between objects, alternative, non-visual ways to communicate this information can be utilized. As such, modified GIS could provide people with visual impairments access to detailed spatial information that would aid spatial learning, orientation, and spatial choice and decision making. In this paper, we explore the ways that GIS have been, and might be, adapted for use by people with visual impairments or blindness. We review current developments, report upon a small experimental study that compares the ability of GIS-based and various adaptive technologies to communicate spatial information using non-visual media, and provide an agenda for future research. We argue that adapted GIS hold much promise for implicitly improving the quality of life for visually impaired people by increasing mobility and independence. 相似文献
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基于V9I的空间关系映射与操作 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用V9I模型中目标的边界、内部和Voronoi区域均可量测及易于操作的特点 ,研究建立底层数据结构与空间关系语义层之间的V9I映射机制 ,在Voronoi的动态栅格生成算法的基础上 ,构建空间关系的基本操作。最后 ,以VC 为开发工具并采用面向对象的技术 ,设计了基于V9I的空间关系操作工具原型VTKit ,并给出部分操作实例 相似文献
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RS与GIS一体化数据结构的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
详细阐述了RS与GIS一体化的概念 ,通过对RS与GIS一体化方面的研究与分析 ,进一步明确RS与GIS一体化对空间数据存储结构的要求 ,着重探讨了几种典型的用于RS与GIS一体化的数据结构 ,针对现有数据结构存在的问题与不足 ,提出了一种具有普遍适用价值的基于语义网络的空间数据存储结构 ,并给出一个应用实例 相似文献
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Assessing Similarity of Geographic Processes and Events 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The increased availability of spatiotemporal data collected from satellite imagery and other remote sensors provides opportunities for enhanced analysis of geographic phenomena. Much of the new data includes regular snapshots of the environment. Comparison of these snapshots can provide information about changes to the phenomena of interest. However, conventional GIS data models and analytical tools lack capabilities to adequately handle massive multidimensional data. One of the fundamental tools necessary to meet such challenges is query support to retrieve and summarize data according to dynamic geographic phenomena, such as geographic events and processes, of interest. Such query support depends upon abilities to assess spatiotemporal similarity so that data representing geographic events that exhibit the spatiotemporal characteristics of interest can be identified in a GIS database. To this end, this paper introduces a method to assess similarity of geographic events and processes (such as storms) based on their spatiotemporal characteristics (such as distribution of precipitation). We developed six indices to capture static and dynamic characteristics of geographic events and applied the Dynamic Time Warping method to temporal sequences of the six indices to examine the similarity among these events. With a case study, we demonstrated the proposed indices and method capable of comparing spatiotemporal characteristics of events as recorded in a GIS database and categorizing spatiotemporal data into groups of events according to their behavior in space and time. 相似文献
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《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(4):315-318
Development of a temporal geographic information system (GIS) and spatio-temporal data modeling are key to incorporating time into geographic information science. This paper describes how to design and develop temporal GIS that will work with spatio-temporal data represented in various data models, and it introduces a prototype temporal GIS with a case study. In temporal GIS, the integration of multiple spatio-temporal representations is based on common spatial and temporal reference systems. In other words, a map window of temporal GIS visualizes spatio-temporal data valid at the same time within one spatial area. To achieve such visualization, separate data editing and query modules are required for each spatio-temporal data model (STDM). In the temporal query interface, after a user specifies a time, the system automatically hires correspondent modules to retrieve spatio-temporal data valid at that time. Besides temporal queries common to all STDMs, each module may provide additional temporal query capabilities specific to that STDM. In the case study, I implement a prototype temporal GIS for three STDMs. The examples of query and visualization, which use three datasets (census data, land use/land cover, and elevation data) demonstrate the prototype temporal GIS can integrate multiple temporal representations. 相似文献