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1.
利用可提取性磷脂表征沉积物中微生物的生物量   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
应用GC-MS技术,分析了深圳大亚湾大鹏澳及厦门岛南岸海域沿岸几个站位沉积物中可提一磷脂酯结合态脂肪酸的含量和组成成份;同时采用吖啶橙荧光染色计数法测定了这些的中细菌的丰度、重担一。结果表明,在这些沉积物中细菌的生物量与磷脂酯结合态脂肪酸的组份的含量有着正相关关系。说明在环境生态研究中,可提取性磷脂作为海洋和河口沉积物中微生物生物量的生物标志物的可行性。  相似文献   

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金秋九月,秋风送爽,首届全国海洋科技大会在北京胜利召开。此次大会的召开恰逢我国全面贯彻国家中长期科学技术规划的第一年,是我国建国以来首次以“海洋科技”为主题的海洋会议,会议以《国家中长期科学技术规划(2006-2010)》为指导,研究讨论了《国家“十一五”海洋科学和技术发展规划纲要》与《关于加快海洋科学技术发展若干意见》,部署了我国海洋科技发展的重点,明确了我国今后海洋科技工作的目标和方向,为共同构建海洋科技创新体制打下了良好的基础。  相似文献   

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Ten myths concerning ecosystem approaches to marine resource management   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Steven A. Murawski   《Marine Policy》2007,31(6):681-690
Ecosystem approaches to marine resource management (EAM) offer comprehensive decision making based on rationalization of currently fragmented ocean policies and their implementation. However, despite the apparent utility in addressing these problems, EAM has also been criticized as being nonspecific, immature, invalid as a basis for decision making, and not fully supported by science. While it is commonly perceived that a paradigm shift in governance and science institutions awaits implementation to address these criticisms, in fact, ecosystem considerations are being incorporated more frequently, employing existing authorities as the basis for mitigation of sectoral impacts and for resource allocation. Management ‘best practices’ for EAM are emerging based on these experiences. Ten common criticisms of EAM, which I believe to be myths propagated primarily to maintain the status quo among sectoral interests, are discussed. Accelerated evolution of EAM will occur as science better articulates feedbacks, cumulative ecological effects and economic consequences framing policy choices, and more formal “rules of engagement” among sectors (e.g., fishing, coastal development, water quality, and energy) are negotiated. These operating procedures would be established under informal arrangements, in national law, and by international agreement. The management paradigm for marine resources is shifting and EAM will eventually be considered redundant with established practice.  相似文献   

6.
海洋动植物引种与海洋生态保护   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
本文讨论了海洋动植物的分布、生物地理区系、外来物种引进海域的方式、外来物种地当地动植物的影响以及对当地海洋生态系统的影响,从保护海洋生态系统的角度提出了加强对海洋动植物引种管理的法律和政策措施。  相似文献   

7.
Over the past 30 years, I have carried out research on the distribution and ecology of marine plankton using research vessels of the Japan Meteorological Agency and the Ocean Research Institute mainly in the Kuroshio and Oyashio areas as well as in Sagami Bay. In this report, some results obtained on the ecological features of blue-green algae, diatoms, chaetognaths etc. in relation to water masses and currents are shown.  相似文献   

8.
The research described in this paper involves a method to mitigate the vibration of an offshore structural system in the marine environment when subjected to the in-plane wave forces. The method introduced include a practical application for the viscoelastic material to the offshore structural system, and the analytical technique to evaluate the structural responses when the system is incorporated with damping devices. The viscoelastic materials applied here were tested and verified that they have high energy absorption capacity. In the analysis, the applied wave forces are based on the fifth-order Stokes wave theory and Morrison equation for small body and the computation method is based on Newmark method for nonlinear system. Results of the vibration responses for the system with added damping devices are presented and compared to the responses of structures of the traditional design. It was observed that the effect of the vibration mitigation was significant and the dynamic performance of the offshore structural system were greatly improved when the new damping devices were applied.  相似文献   

9.
综合δD、δ18O、224Ra、226Ra、228R、钍系同位素和210Pb、14C等同位素示踪技术研究的最新成果,概述了同位素示踪技术在海洋水体运动、颗粒动力学、海洋生物生产力、沉积动力学、古海洋学等方面的研究进展,提出了在这一领域应重点发展的研究方向,以期推动同位素示踪技术在海洋环境研究中的应用。  相似文献   

10.
The validity of analyses of elements in the femto- and picomolar ranges in waters and sediments can be assessed on the basis of several criteria: an evaluation of the chemical technique; the use of primary standards and intercalibration exercises; and chemical and geochemical coherence of the results. Herein are reported analyses of ruthenium, platinum, palladium, rhenium, iridium and gold in oceanic samples. The gold concentrations in surface seawaters, at least 25 times less than those previously reported, are in accord with the concentrations of their periodic table neighbors as well as with crustal and sedimentary contents. The remarkable concentration of rhenium in seawater, in relation to its very low crustal abundance, can be explained by the inertness of the perrhenate ion.  相似文献   

11.
Seabirds as monitors of the marine environment   总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15  
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The solubility of natural 7Be from air particulate matter in seawater was determined as a function of time. Adsorption of the thus solubilized 7Be on a variety of substrates was investigated. 7Be appears to be strongly adsorbed on suspended matter and inorganic materials at high suspended loads (> 20 mg 1−1), but at natural levels (1 mg 1−1) is only partially adsorbed. Further, at natural concentrations of suspended matter, adsorption of 7Be appears to be directly proportional to suspended load. Because a non-steady-state flux of 7Be to the bottom could be expected over its 53-day half-life, 7Be may be a poor tracer of sedimentation rates and sediment redistribution processes.  相似文献   

14.
This article summarizes the author's work on210Pb and210Po distributions in the marine environment for which the Okada Prize of the Oceanographical Society of Japan was awarded. In this review, the work of other investigators and the studies now going on are also included. The210Pb concentration in the surface water of the ocean is controlled by the atmospheric flux of210Pb and productivity. The disequilibrium between226Ra and210Pb in the deep sea reveals that the oceanic residence time of lead is less than a hundred years rather than of the order of thousands of years as thought before based on stable lead measurement in ocean water. Particulate removal of210Pb from the water column is likely to be the major cause of the deficiency of210Pb in the water, however more investigations would be needed to clarify the detailed removal mechanism of210Pb. The experiments on particulate flux by using sediment traps will provide an unique opportunity to examine this. 210Pb in excess of226Ra in sediment is useful for geochronology of shallow water sediments and the study on bioturbation rates on the deep sea sediments.  相似文献   

15.
刘健  姜晓轶  范湘涛 《海洋通报》2014,33(2):235-240
从数据模型和数据可视化这两方面对近10年来的海洋环境数据可视化研究进展进行了总结。海洋环境信息的可视化研究呈现出"从2维到n维,从数据可视化到面向知识发现的可视化"的发展趋势。目前,国内对海洋要素可视化表达的研究主要集中在"空间三维+时间维"的四维时空过程可视化表达,对海洋环境多维数据表达的研究还处于探索发展阶段。基于海洋环境多维时空数据模型,结合信息可视化中的多维数据可视化挖掘方法,建立面向知识发现的海洋环境数据多维可视化环境,挖掘多维要素之间的相互关系是今后研究的方向。  相似文献   

16.
海洋环境中混凝土结构服役寿命预测   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
通过参数定义对Fick定律的不合理假定进行修正,推导氯离子在混凝土中扩散的多因素修正模型,综合考虑氯离子扩散系数的时随效应、混凝土的氯离子结合能力和混凝土自身缺陷的影响.根据对大量数据的分析试算,给出模型中参数的取值.利用该扩散模型,进一步推导海洋环境下基于概率性能的混凝土结构服役寿命计算方法,有效解决混凝土结构服役寿命预测中氯离子扩散系数及混凝土保护层厚度的随机特性.最后给出实际工程算例,说明该预测方法的有效性.  相似文献   

17.
卫星遥感海洋环境要素的渔场渔情分析应用   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
樊伟  周芳  沈建华 《海洋科学》2005,29(11):67-72
20世纪70年代初Laurs,Kemmerer,Stevenson等的试验性研究使得卫星遥感海水表层温度(SST)和海洋水色信息在渔场渔情分析中得到初步应用。由于卫星遥感所获取的各类海洋环境要素信息能够帮助渔民减少寻鱼时间,节约燃料,提高渔捞效率,因此,随着卫星遥感技术的快速发展和所获取海洋环境要素的增加,海水叶绿素、海面高度及海流信息等也迅速运用到商业捕捞中。与此同时,卫星遥感反演精度的提高也使得其在渔场渔情分析中的应用从试验研究阶段走向业务化应用。  相似文献   

18.
随着海洋开发的深度、广度的不断扩展,全球的海洋环境质量每况愈下,海洋环境保护问题日益成为国际社会普遍关注的热点。海洋环境保护价值观的模糊不清,导致了人们对海洋环境保护的忽视。鉴于此,文章对海洋环境保护的内在价值和外在价值及其相互关系进行初步探讨,以期引起对海洋环境保护的进一步重视。  相似文献   

19.
Hydrocarbon analyses on samples of sediment, interstitial water, and dissolved and particulate fractions of the water column from the vicinity of the Isla Vista seep near Santa Barbara, California, are presented. The results demonstrate that a very heterogeneous distribution of hydrocarbon composition and concentration exists in the seep environment and that the life-style and feeding habits of the organisms in this environment will have a dramatic effect on their hydrocarbon exposure.  相似文献   

20.
工业革命以后,随着人类改造自然能力的提升,社会生产力的不断提高,随之而来的是对环境的污染和破坏。作为地球环境的重要组成部分,海洋环境也受到了前所未有的影响。虽说21世纪是海洋的世纪,然而近二十年实践表明,沿海国家或地区在海洋开发与保护方面开发力度有余,保护投入不足,海洋环境受到严重的破坏,应受到社会的广泛关注。  相似文献   

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