假根羽藻Cyt b6 f 蛋白复合体的分离与纯化

提要改进了以往分离纯化Cytb6f的方法,进行了海洋绿藻——假根羽藻(Bryopsiscorticu-lans)Cytb6f蛋白复合体分离纯的研究。结果表明,该Cytb6f制剂由Cytf、Cytb6、Rieske[Fe-s]蛋白和亚基IV四种主要的多肽亚基以及少量的Chl·a和类胡萝卜素组成。4个多肽亚基的表观分子量分别为34·8、24·0、18·7及16·7kD,该Cytb6f制剂的Cytb6/f比值接近2·0,其纯度值为9·9nmolCytf/mg,其催化电子传递的活性(C10-PQH2→PC)为73e/s。上述分析表明,假根羽藻Cytb6f在组成、纯度和催化活性方面均与已报道的高等植物、淡水绿藻和光合细菌的Cytb6f制剂相似。     

坛紫菜藻红蛋白α,β亚基基因的克隆和序列分析

藻胆蛋白(Phycobiliprotein,PBP)是原核藻类和真核藻类进行光合作用的捕光色素蛋白,占藻体干重的2%左右,主要分为3类:藻红蛋白(phycoer-ythrin,PE)、藻蓝蛋白(phycocyanin,PC)和别藻蓝蛋白(allophycocyanin,APC)[1].藻胆蛋白一般由α亚基和β亚基组成,部分藻胆蛋白中还存在γ亚基.一般由α和β亚基形成稳定的单体(αβ),再由单体聚合为多聚体(αβ)_n.从蓝藻和红藻中分离的藻胆蛋白为三聚体(αβ)₃或六聚体(αβ)₆[2].     

坛紫菜R-藻蓝蛋白和变藻蓝蛋白的亚基组成和发色团含量

坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis T.J.Chang et B.F.Zheng)中的R-藻蓝蛋白在Bio-Rex 70柱上用脲溶液(pH3.0)解离和层析,得到了α和β两个亚基,用SDS-PAGE测定α和β亚基的分子量分别为18 400和20 500。变藻蓝蛋白的α和β两亚基均分子量经测定,分别为18 800和19 700。R-藻蓝蛋白和变藻蓝蛋白的分子量分别确定为117 000和112 000,两藻胆蛋白中α和β两个亚基的摩尔比都为1:1,确定两藻胆蛋白的亚基组成都为(αβ)_3。各亚基的发色团含量为:R-藻蓝蛋白中,α亚基含1个藻蓝胆素,β亚基含1个藻蓝胆素和1个藻红胆素。变藻蓝蛋白中,α和β亚基各含1个藻蓝胆素。     

坛紫菜R-藻蓝蛋白和变藻蓝蛋白的亚基组成和发色团含量

坛紫菜中的Ｒ－藻蓝蛋白在Ｂｉｏ－Ｒｅｘ７０柱上用脲溶液（ｐＨ３．０）解离和层析，得到了α和β两个亚基。用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ测定α和β亚基的分子量分别为１８４００和２０５００，变藻蓝蛋白的α和β两亚基的分子量经测定，分别为１８８００和１９７００。Ｒ－藻蓝蛋白和变藻蓝蛋白的分子量分别确定为１１７０００和１２２０００，两藻胆蛋白中α和β两个亚基的摩尔比都为１：１，确定两藻胆蛋白的亚基组成都为（αβ）３。各     

钝顶节旋藻别藻蓝蛋白基因克隆、分析及重组表达蛋白荧光活性的研究

为探究蓝藻藻胆体核心色素蛋白-别藻蓝蛋白单个亚基的光学活性和功能,本研究克隆了钝顶节旋藻(Arthrospira platensis FACHB314)中的脱辅基别藻蓝蛋白基因apcAB及其亚基基因apcA和apcB。节旋藻基因组中apcAB全长共1 056 bp,由apcA和apcB串联组成,中间间隔84 bp。其中,apcA和apcB基因的全长均为486 bp,且均编码161个氨基酸,预测分子量分别约为17.39和17.33 kDa,它们分别编码的α和β亚基均属于Globin＿like超级家族,系统进化树分析显示其氨基酸序列在蓝藻和节旋藻中较为保守。将克隆出的亚基基因apcA、apcB分别同前期A.platensis FACHB314中获得的藻蓝胆素合成相关基因ho和pcyA以及色基裂合酶基因(cpcE、cpcF、cpcU、cpcS、cpcT)共同转化至大肠杆菌中,获得重组别藻蓝蛋白亚基菌株E.coli HPEFUSTA、E.coli HPEFUSTB。SDS-PAGE和Western Blot均显示重组菌株中已成功表达别藻蓝蛋白单亚基。荧光检测结果显示,在600 nm波长激发下,...     

中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)血淋巴中凝血蛋白的分离纯化、鉴定及 cDNA 片段克隆、 组织表达谱分析

采用层析技术、N末端氨基酸序列分析及同源基因克隆等技术对中国对虾中国对虾血淋巴中的凝血蛋白(CP)进行了研究。结果表明,纯化的CP约为380kDa,其亚基的分子量约为190kDa,说明该蛋白是由两个相同的亚基组成的同源二聚体;中国对虾CP的N末端氨基酸序列与凡纳滨对虾、保罗美对虾具有100%的相似性,与其它对虾的也具有很高的相似性;获得了CP基因518bp的cDNA片段,分析表明该基因序列与其它虾类CP基因序列的具有很高的同源性;CP基因的组织表达谱分析发现心脏和表皮是该基因主要的合成表达部位。     

条斑紫菜中R-藻红蛋白的纯化及其α和β亚基的分离与发色团含量的测定

本文从条斑紫菜(Porphyra yezoensis)中提取了藻胆蛋白,找到了一种新的简便有效的提纯R-藻红蛋白的方法。用Bio-GelP300柱进一步纯化后,得到了高纯度的R-藻红蛋白。用Bio-Rex 70柱分离R-藻红蛋白,得到了它的α和β亚基溶液。对亚基溶液进行的一些光谱分析表明亚基溶液具有R-藻红蛋白的一些性质。本文对α和β亚基的发色团含量进行了测定:α亚基含2个藻红胆素,β亚基含3个藻红胆素和1个藻尿胆素。     

锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)特异性过敏原的研究

采用SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,对锯缘青蟹肌肉中可溶性蛋白质进行分离,以过敏患者阳性血清和正常人阴性血清作对照,通过Western blot鉴定出分子量为14.3kDa的蛋白为锯缘青蟹的特异性过敏原.然后用Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析和DEAE-52离子交换层析纯化出该过敏原,再经MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS检测,利用Blastz在线分析.结果表明,锯缘青蟹特异性过敏原为血蓝蛋白亚基,经Clustal W分析该蛋白的多肽片段序列与可口美青蟹、邓杰内斯蟹、加州龙虾、艾氏真蟹的血蓝蛋白亚基序列有很高的同源性,经Prosite数据库检索后发现肽段1和肽段2有酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点和蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点,是过敏原参与机体反应的重要活性位点.     

别藻蓝蛋白基因在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)中的表达

采用亚克隆方法,将别藻蓝蛋白(allophycocyanin,APC)基因插入到毕赤酵母整合型表达载体pPIC6αA中,再用SacⅠ线性化,纯化后,用氯化锂法转化毕赤酵母菌株X-33,筛选表达APC的重组子。PCR和序列分析表明,APC基因已整合到酵母染色体中。重组子经甲醇诱导,用Western blotting在培养基上清液检测到APC,表明别藻蓝蛋白(APC)在毕赤酵母中可以表达。APC由两种亚基组成,分子量分别为19kDa和21kDa。重组子经摇瓶培养48h表达量达4.4mg/L。     

紫球藻两种藻红蛋白特性的比较研究——γ亚基在稳定藻红蛋白结构方面的作用

从紫球藻中分离纯化两种藻红蛋白（B－藻红蛋白和b-藻红蛋白），对它们的吸收光谱和电泳图谱进行比较研究。结果表明，尽管电泳图谱与文献报道的相同，但b-藻红蛋白的吸收光谱与文献报道的有较大的差别，表现在本研究发现b-藻红蛋白在545nm处有一吸收峰。在565nm处仅有一个吸收肩峰，而不是文献中报道的在545nm和565nm无前独立的吸收峰。通过比较B－藻红蛋白和b-藻红蛋白在不完全变性条件下的电泳图谱，发现B－藻红蛋白比b-藻红蛋白要稳定的多，进一步分析认为这主要是因为B－藻红蛋白含有γ亚基，而b-藻红蛋白不含有γ亚基，因为此为γ亚基有稳定分子的作用。     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

INFORMATION FOR AUTHORS

<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology,     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.