2006-2012年青岛市空气质量与气象条件的关系

利用2006-2012年青岛市SO₂、NO₂及PM₁₀的监测资料,统计分析3种污染物时空分布特征及污染物平均浓度与气象要素的关系,并分析污染日气象条件变化特征。结果表明：2006-2012年青岛市年平均污染日数为23-33 d;青岛市空气污染主要出现在冬、春两季,主要污染物为PM₁₀。青岛中度以上污染为PM₁₀污染,大多由浮尘天气引起。污染物浓度与云量、降水量和气温呈负相关,与气压呈正相关。冬季大雾易造成空气污染加重,而4-6月海雾则使空气质量提高。弱的地面天气形势和接地逆温层结的存在及持续的烟、霾天气易导致青岛空气污染。     

太阳黑子相对数与毕节地区夏季气温的长期预测

利用1月份太阳黑子相对数与夏季平均气温制作图表进行对比分析，通过分析发现，当太阳黑子相对数处于峰顶（极大值）时，气温为正距平；当太阳黑子相对数处于谷底（极小值）以及谷底区域时，气温为负距平。并且夏季各月与太阳黑子相对数之间也有较好的相关性。夏季是一年中气温最高的季节，夏季气温不仅对人们的日常生活产生重大影响，而且对农作物的发育、生长也起着重要作用。     

太阳黑子相对数与毕节地区夏季气温的长期预测

利用1月份太阳黑子相对数与夏季平均气温制作图表进行对比分析,通过分析发现,当太阳黑子相对数处于峰顶(极大值)时,气温为正距平;当太阳黑子相对数处于谷底(极小值)以及谷底区域时,气温为负距平.并且夏季各月与太阳黑子相对数之间也有较好的相关性.夏季是一年中气温最高的季节,夏季气温不仅对人们的日常生活产生重大影响,而且对农作物的发育、生长也起着重要作用.     

太阳黑子活动与大兴安岭地区气温及未来趋势估计

分析了太阳黑子活动与大兴安岭地区气温变化规律的关系,并对未来１０年气温变化趋势进行了估计。     

太阳黑子的11年周期与超长期气候预报

目前在做超长期气候预报时,人们经常用到太阳黑子。为了今后工作方便,我们在这里把有关太阳黑子的资料及11年周期的分析方法,做一个扼要的介绍。关于太阳黑子最完整的记录是瓦尔德梅尔整理的苏黎士天文台1610—1960年的观测结果。其中1749年以后有逐月的相对黑子数。1700—1748年仅有年平均相对黑子数。1610—1699年期间只有太阳黑子11年周期的最高(M)及最低(m)出现的时间。此外,美国地球物理研究杂志按月公布苏黎士天文台的初步黑子数。每年初公布上一年经过最后核算的黑子     

太阳黑子,南海季风暴发与北京地区降水

利用１９４９～１９９８年资料，以统计分析的方法，对太阳黑子与南海季风、北京地区降水的相互关系进行了初步探讨，发现太阳黑子的极值年与南海季风暴发的迟早有明显的对应关系，太阳黑子数与北京地区降水量呈反相关。     

青岛百年气温变化及其影响因素分析

利用青岛百年月平均气温资料,用统计方法分析了青岛气温的变化特征。从全球变暖、大气环流、ENSO事件、青岛经济发展以及城市热岛效应等方面分析了这些要素对青岛气温的影响。结果表明：青岛的气温变化趋势与我国华北地区基本一致,但青岛在20世纪初期的寒冷期要比华北地区长10 a左右,青岛的百年升温幅度高于全国和我国北方省份,春季气温升幅与全国相比偏大;西伯利亚高压与青岛冬季月平均气温呈显著负相关,西太平洋副热带高压与青岛夏季气温的相关性除8月外均不显著,北极涛动指数与青岛1—3月气温相关较为显著;ENSO事件与青岛年平均气温相关不显著。     

80年代的太阳活动及其对气候的影响

列出了1980—1990年的逐月国际太阳黑子数,指出整个80年代太阳活动异常强盛,尤其是最新的双周(第22周)黑子数峰值竟超过了通常较强的单周(21周)峰值,且发现太阳活动在长趋势演变和年际变化上均与全球气温密切联系。这样,80年代的强太阳活动可能对80年代以来的全球显著升温有一定影响。随着太阳活动的趋向减弱,估计90年代的全球升温幅度会有所减缓。     

江淮梅雨长期变化对太阳活动因子的响应分析

利用美国国家海洋大气局(NOAA)地球物理数据中心(NGDC)1954-2005年太阳黑子数资料,把太阳活动作为地球气候的外强迫因子,采用小波分析和交叉小波分析方法,研究了太阳黑子数与江淮梅雨特征量及西太平洋副热带高压指数的关系。结果表明:太阳活动与江淮梅雨的相关性存在南北差异,北部呈现正相关而南部呈现负相关,且正负相关性在时间序列上保持不变;江淮南部梅雨量与太阳黑子数有稳定的11年共振周期及0.5~1年的相位滞后;西太平洋副热带高压指数与太阳黑子数也有较好的相关关系,说明太阳活动影响地球气候可能存在太阳活动—西太平洋副热带高压—江淮梅雨这样一条过程链。     

用太阳射电通量代替太阳黑子相对数的探讨

一、引言 太阳黑子数是反映太阳活动的主要标志。随着现代科学的发展,太阳黑子相对数在地震、气象、水文、农业等等学科中的应用日益广泛。1974年Dodson等发现,10.7cm(2800MHz)太阳射电通量的日平均值的变化,与太阳黑子11年周期变化一致。 本文对比分析了截止到1986年12月的资料,证实10.7cm太阳射电通量和太阳黑子     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.     

前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题

自地球形成至寒武纪将近40亿年（距今46亿～5.4亿年,通常称为前寒武纪）的气候演变是一个具有特殊难度和挑战性的研究领域,同时也是基础和前沿的研究领域。文章选择了前寒武纪气候演化中的三个重要科学问题进行综述：大气演化、两次全球性的冰川期以及暗弱太阳问题。关于大气演化,本文首先描述了大气成分的演化历史,然后简述了影响大气成分演化的三个基本过程：大气逃逸、两次大气氧含量突然增加、碳酸盐-硅酸盐循环及其对气候系统的负反馈作用。两次全球性的冰川期分别发生在古元古代（距今24亿～21亿年）和新元古代（距今8亿～5.8亿年）,文章简述了其成因以及相关的气候模拟结果。暗弱太阳问题是地球历史气候演化的一个经典问题,论文简要地综述了一些最新的研究成果和观点。     

淮河流域水文极值预测模型研究

为探索气候变化影响下水文极值的非平稳性和预测方法,建立了水文极值非平稳广义极值（GEV）分布的统计预测模型。利用1952-2010年淮河上游流域累计面雨量和流量年最大值资料、同期500 hPa环流特征量资料以及17个CMIP5模式对环流特征量的模拟结果,筛选出对水文极值影响显著的年平均北半球极涡强度指数作为GEV分布参数的预测因子。分析了在RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5情景下2006-2050年淮河上游流域水文极值对气候变化的响应。结果表明,10年以下与10年以上重现期的水文极值在非平稳过程中呈现前者下降而后者上升的相反变化趋势;多模型预测的集合平均在未来情景中均呈现上升趋势,情景排放量越大增幅越大,重现期越长增幅也越大。与极值的常态相比,极值的极端态更易受气候变化影响。     

CHARACTERISTICS AND TRENDS OF CLIMATIC EXTREMES IN CHINA DURING 1959–2014

The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics.     

The impact of AIRS atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles on hurricane forecasts: Ike (2008) and Irene (2011)

Atmospheric Infra Red Sounder(AIRS) measurements are a valuable supplement to current observational data, especially over the oceans where conventional data are sparse. In this study, two types of AIRS-retrieved temperature and moisture profiles, the AIRS Science Team product(Sci Sup) and the single field-of-view(SFOV) research product, were evaluated with European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF) analysis data over the Atlantic Ocean during Hurricane Ike(2008) and Hurricane Irene(2011). The evaluation results showed that both types of AIRS profiles agreed well with the ECMWF analysis, especially between 200 h Pa and 700 h Pa. The average standard deviation of both temperature profiles was approximately 1 K under 200 h Pa, where the mean AIRS temperature profile from the AIRS Sci Sup retrievals was slightly colder than that from the AIRS SFOV retrievals. The mean Sci Sup moisture profile was slightly drier than that from the SFOV in the mid troposphere. A series of data assimilation and forecast experiments was then conducted with the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model and its three-dimensional variational(3DVAR) data assimilation system for hurricanes Ike and Irene. The results showed an improvement in the hurricane track due to the assimilation of AIRS clear-sky temperature profiles in the hurricane environment. In terms of total precipitable water and rainfall forecasts, the hurricane moisture environment was found to be affected by the AIRS sounding assimilation.Meanwhile, improving hurricane intensity forecasts through assimilating AIRS profiles remains a challenge for further study.