海螺沟冰川国家地质公园

四川海螺沟冰川国家地质公园，位于著名的贡嘎山峰东坡，是一条长30．7km的冰川峡谷，面积约200km2。海螺沟冰川生成于1600年前，长14．2km，地质学家称其为现代冰川，末端落入森林带内6km，形成冰川与原始森林共生的绝景。海螺沟冰川中冰面河、冰下河、冰裂隙、冰阶梯、冰石蘑     

基于GF 1光谱数据的青藏地区冰川资源现状遥感调查

以2014—2015年的GF 1为主、少量OLI影像为基础,参考第二次中国冰川目录等文献资料,修编完成青海省和西藏自治区两省区的现代冰川编目,查明青藏两省区目前共有冰川24 796条,总面积约2624×104 km2,约占青藏两省区区域面积的137%,冰川储量为2027×103~2121×103 km3。调查区冰川数量以面积<10 km2、冰川面积介于10~100 km2之间的冰川为主,其中面积<10 km2的冰川有19 983条,占总数量的8059%,面积介于10~100 km2之间的冰川面积为11 96240 km2,占总面积的4559%;面积最大的中锋冰川的面积达23737 km2。调查区内的山系(高原)均有冰川分布,念青唐古拉山冰川数量最多,其次是喜马拉雅山和冈底斯山,这3座山系冰川数量占调查区内冰川总数量的6333%;念青唐古拉山、喜马拉雅山和昆仑山的冰川面积和冰储量位列前3位,其冰川面积和冰储量分别占总数的6809%和7344%;然而昆仑山和羌塘高原的单条冰川的平均面积大于念青唐古拉山和喜马拉雅山的平均面积。从冰川海拔分布来看,海拔5 000~6 500 m之间是冰川集中发育区域,约占调查区冰川数量和冰川总面积的85%以上。调查区的冰川在各流域的分布差异显著,恒河流域是冰川分布数量最多、面积最大的一级外流区,其数量占冰川总量的47%以上,面积占总面积的52%以上;青藏高原内陆流域的冰川数量、面积次之,其冰川数量占总数量的21%,面积占总面积的24%以上,并且内流区单条冰川的平均面积略大于外流区的平均面积。总体上,西藏的冰川数量、面积和冰储量分别占西藏和青海两省区的8492%、8492%、8668%,单条冰川的平均面积两省区相近。     

1980-2005年藏东南然乌湖流域冰川湖泊变化研究

基于1980年地形图和1988年、2001年Landsat数据以及2005年中巴资源卫星数据,对藏东南然乌湖流域1980-2005年25 a来冰川和湖泊的面积变化进行了研究.结果表明:1980-2005年间,冰川面积从496.64 km2减少到466.94 km2,冰川萎缩了29.7 km2,萎缩速率为1.19 km2·a-1 ,萎缩量占冰川总面积的5.98%,冰川面积占流域总面积的比例从22.42%减小到21.08%.区域冰碛湖泊面积则从1980年29.79 km2增大到2005年33.27 km2,湖泊面积扩大了3.48 km2,增加的速率为0.14km2·a-1,扩大面积占湖泊总面积的11.68%,湖泊而积占流域总面积的比例从1.34%增加到11.5%.其中,冰川面积在1980-1988年萎缩速率为1.73 km2·a-1 ,1988-2001年为0.82 km2·a-1和2001-2005年为1.3 km2·a-1.而湖泊面积在1980-1988年扩涨速率为0.11 km2·a-1,1988-2001年为0.12 km2·a-1,2001-2005年为0.27 km2·a-1,湖泊逐年加速扩涨.从流域内的气象数据来看,温度升高,是该区域冰川萎缩的根本原因,湖泊加速扩涨主要受到冰川萎缩,冰川融水量加大的影响.     

1971 - 2015年羌塘高原藏色岗日冰川变化

通过对地形图和Landsat系列影像的目视解译获取冰川边界, 分析得到1971 - 2015年羌塘高原藏色岗日冰川变化。结果表明： 2015年研究区有冰川84条, 总面积（297.65±4.29） km2; 1971 - 2015年冰川持续退缩, 面积减少（19.32±24.31） km2, 年均退缩率为（0.14±0.17）%, 退缩较慢; 五个时段年均退缩速率分别为（0.12±1.46）%、 （0.20±0.32）%、 （0.12±0.50）%、 （0.01±0.57）%和（0.16±0.31）%。消融期（5 - 9月）温度的上升是研究区冰川退缩的主要驱动力。小规模冰川（<0.5 km2）的退缩率14.00%大于大规模冰川（>2 km2）的5.58%; 北朝向冰川的退缩率8.06%大于南朝向冰川的4.16%; 冰川数量由78条增加到84条反映出大冰川在退缩的过程中分裂成小冰川; 2条冰川末端发生前进。     

1993—2016年喀喇昆仑山中部Shigar流域冰川物质平衡变化空间特征研究

基于Landsat系列卫星遥感影像、SRTM DEM和TanDEM-X DEM对喀喇昆仑山中部Shigar流域不同类型冰川的面积变化、物质平衡进行了分析.结果表明:1993—2016年间Shigar流域内有25条跃动冰川(面积增加1.30 km2),68条前进冰川(面积增加0.86 km2),50条退缩冰川(面积减少3...     

1990-2000年间西藏林芝地区冰川变化研究

基于多时相陆地卫星影像和DEM数据,利用遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,提取了林芝地区的冰川信息,并对区域内的冰川变化进行了分析.结果表明:林芝地区1990-2000年间冰川总面积减少了568.71 km2,平均退缩率56.87 km2·a-1;经对典型冰川区110余条冰川监测数据显示,10 a间冰川有前进、...     

印度喜马拉雅山区流域的冰川资源及其冰冻圈研究计划

<正>印度喜马拉雅山区流域17%的面积被永久性积雪和冰川覆盖,大约有32000km2,其中,冰川共计在9000条以上,储存了大约12000km3的淡水资源.这些冰川对维持区域生态的稳定和调节河流径流供水具有重要意义.各流域的冰川分     

从登山勇士遗骸的发现看太子雪山明永冰川的运动

明永冰川也叫奶诺戈汝冰川,位于滇藏边界太子雪山主峰卡格博峰(海拔6740m,为云南省第一高峰)东坡,是该区最大的冰川。据《横断山冰川》一书报道,该冰川长11．5km,在横断山脉中仅次于贡嘎山东坡的海螺沟冰川(长13．1km)和磨子沟冰川(长11．6km),但其冰舌末端下伸至海拔2700m处,却是所有冰川中最低的。太子雪山是藏传佛教八大神山之首。卡格博峰更以其雄伟庄严和神奇美丽吸引着无数的中外游人、登山家和科学家。从1988年以来,中、美、日三国登山家曾10次向她挑战,但都铩羽而归,迄今她仍是尚未被人类染指的处女峰。特别是1991年1月3日22时至4日8时间,17位中日联合登山队成员消失于第3号     

中国阿尔泰山的冻土

由中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所组织的冰川冻土考察队于1980年首次对我国阿尔泰山地区冻土及冰川进行了考察。考察区位于阿尔泰山中部的南坡,北起49°8′N,向东南延伸450km到46°N附近。山体西北部宽约150km,东南部约80km,海拔高度从北向南和从西北向东南逐渐降低。山区西部的友谊峰是阿尔泰山最高峰,海拔4374m,其周围是该区冰川最为发育的地区。山区东南部山峰高度在3200—3500m,无现代冰川发育。     

基于多源数据的天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川变化研究

基于2012年RTK-GPS、2015年三维激光扫描和2018年无人机航测数据,以天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川为研究区,分别从物质平衡、面积、末端等方面分析近期冰川变化.结果表明:乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川近年来呈快速消融趋势.2012—2018年冰川面积减少0.07 km2,年平均面积变化率为-0.01 km2·a-1;同期,...     

Unity of the national and the international in the socio-cultural development of the peoples of the USSR

International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.     

Global repeating events in the history of the Earth and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy

Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated.     

Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth

It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T ₃ = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.     

从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返

位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。     

某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析

在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。      

摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨

通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。     

On the consistency of proposed models for the Pyrenees with the structure of the eastern parts of the belt

The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time.     

Paleomagnetic implications on the evolution of the tethys belt from the atlantic ocean to the pamirs since the triassic

We first re-examined the apparent polar wander curves for stable Eurasia and Africa since the Triassic. These curves were then combined together with curves of North and South America according to the kinematics of the Atlantic ocean and a synthetic polar wander curve was given. Then, most of the paleomagnetic results from the Tethys mobile belt, from the Atlantic to the Pamirs, were analysed.Several groups of plates, microplates and blocks can be seen. First, relatively stable regions like Maghreb and Sicily, which have not moved much. Then we have a group formed by Iberia, Sardinia, Italy and, to a lesser extent, Corsica and the Western and Central Alps. For these blocks, movements are anticlockwise rotations chiefly driven by the anticlockwise rotation of Africa, but they are sometimes stronger.To the east, a major change takes place. The north of the Aegean Sea and the Ionian zone are clockwise rotated and these rotations are recent: Oligocene-Miocene for the first part, Pliocene to the present for the second part.A major problem arises in Turkey, Caucasus and Iran. Paleomagnetic results indicate a position far to the south of Eurasia, and, at the same time, geological evidence is in favour of a position close to Eurasia. We discuss these discrepancies.