南极普里兹湾北部深海沉降颗粒物的垂直通量研究I.沉积物捕获器的误差来源及相关建议

捕获器是目前研究沉降颗粒物的生物地球化学循环最直接的手段。捕获器不仅能够定量不同时间、空间以及不同深度的颗粒物通量 ,而且还能够收集到进行物理、化学分析的样品。但是尽管捕获器被广泛地认为是海洋中的“颗粒物测量器” ,然而关于捕获器的绝对精确度仍存在异议。本文综合了当前的众多研究 ,对有关捕获器偏差的误差来源及相关建议做了一定的总结。重点讨论了一些大家关注的诸如“swimmers”的去除以及样品保护的问题     

南极威德尔海新生期海冰生态结构Ⅰ.叶绿素a与营养盐

１９９２年３－５月极星号ＡＮＴ／Ｘ３秋季航次，对南极威德尔海东北海域浮冰区形成期新冰生态结构进行考察研究。结果表明，海冰物理结构特征与海冰生成环境及其形成过程有很大关系。冰体结构以颗粒冰、柱状冰以及混合冰为主，以颗粒冰为主结构的海冰较多地聚集浮游生物细胞，消耗部分冰中营养盐，柱状冰较少聚集生物细胞，其营养盐波动较小。同时，新形成期海冰中，叶绿素含量普遍低于一年冰，而营养盐含量则较高，基本处于初始状态，由此表明，海冰中生命活动随海冰冰龄增加而不断增强。     

THE GEOGRAPHY OF POST-COLONIAL AFRICA: SPACE,PLACE AND DEVELOPMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA (1960–93)1

This overview of human geographic studies of sub Saharan Africa begins with the contributions made by West European geographers to the colonial service, and the growing interest in post-war ‘development’ and to the anti-imperial movements in the late colonial period (1945–60). The paper provides an intellectual map of the contributions by European and African geographers to the broad array of development problems which emerged after 1960. North American geographers made significant contributions to the debate somewhat later, particularly in association with the growing involvement of U.S. development agencies in the 1970s. Particular emphasis is given to geographic studies in fields such as agrarian change, ecological degradation, industrialization, human mobility and patterns of urbanization and settlement.