华北盆地南部二叠系烃源岩特征研究

华北南部地区二叠系主要有3套烃源岩: 太原组、山西组和石盒子组煤系烃源岩. 烃源岩在周口凹陷、太康隆起和豫西地区均有分布.各类烃源岩的展布总体呈现为东部最厚,西部次之.岩性主要为暗色泥岩、煤和碳质泥岩.最有利的烃源岩为二叠系的太原组和山西组.有机质丰度高、类型好.烃源岩类型以腐植型为特征,Ⅲ型干酪根为主,灰岩干酪根以Ⅱ2型为主.成熟度以成熟-过成熟为主.     

Types of Organic Fades and Source Rock Assessment of the Coal-Measure Mudstone in the Turpan-Hami Basin

This paper discusses the enviromental characteristics of carbonaceous mudstone and mudstone (coal-measure mudstone in short) of the Early and Middle Jurassic in the Turpan-Hami basin, which were formed in swamps. Through the organic facies study of the coal-measure mudstone in this area, the authors clarify that the flowing-water swamp is the most advanced organic facies belt. Furthermore, according to the practical materials of coal-measure mudstone in the area and with the evaluation criteria of lacustrine mudstone in the past, the authors have established the integrated symbol systems from the abundance of organic matter and the type of organic matter, which can be used in the source rock evaluation of the coal-measure mudstone.     

Types of Organic Facies and Source Rock Assessment of the Coal-Measure Mudstone in the Turpan-Hami Basin

Abstract: This paper discusses the enviromental characteristics of carbonaceous mudstone and mudstone (coal-measure mudstone in short) of the Early and Middle Jurassic in the Turpan-Hami basin, which were formed in swamps. Through the organic facies study of the coal-measure mudstone in this area, the authors clarify that the flowing-water swamp is the most advanced organic facies belt. Furthermore, according to the practical materials of coal-measure mudstone in the area and with the evaluation criteria of lacustrine mudstone in the past, the authors have established the integrated symbol systems from the abundance of organic matter and the type of organic matter, which can be used in the source rock evaluation of the coal-measure mudstone.     

二连盆地侏罗系烃源岩地球化学特征及油源贡献

二连盆地侏罗系烃源岩研究程度较低,但在侏罗系发现有工业油流.本文通过有机岩石学与有机地球化学常规分析,系统研究与评价了此套烃源岩;结合原油与烃源岩的生物标志化合物的对比与分析,探讨其对油源的贡献.结果表明,二连盆地上侏罗统烃源岩有机质丰度低,有机质类型以Ⅲ型为主,成熟度较低,为非或差烃源岩;中下侏罗统有机质丰度较高,有机质类型以Ⅱ2-Ⅲ型为主,成熟度较高,为较好—好烃源岩.侏罗系烃源岩形成于淡水的氧化沉积环境,以陆源高等植物输入为主.此外,阿56井阿尔善组部分原油和图参1井侏罗系原油来源于侏罗系烃源岩.由此推断二连盆地侏罗系烃源岩具有良好的生烃潜力,勘探前景广阔.     

河北南部石炭一二叠纪煤层气烃源岩特征

河北南部地区石炭一二叠系煤层煤种丰富,峰峰、邯郸矿区煤层的宏观煤岩类型以半亮煤和半暗煤为主;显微煤岩类型为微镜煤、微镜惰煤及微暗煤;煤的结构以细、中宽条带状结构为主,在半亮煤和半暗煤中最多;有机显微组分以镜质组最高,一般可占50％～91％,惰质组占10％～35％,壳质组含量一般不超过5％,对煤层气来说,这是比较有利的烃源条件：区内大淑村矿2煤的矿物质含量最低,其煤的吸附能力较其它矿区高;主煤层镜质组最大反射率具有北高南低的分布规律,揭示了煤的生烃强度具有由南向北逐渐增高的趋势。该区煤层气源岩不仅影响煤的生烃能力,还影响着煤层对甲烷的吸附能力和煤层气的开采能力。     

低丰度高演化海相碳酸盐烃源岩有机质原生性研究

碳酸盐烃源岩有机质原生性直接影响到其生烃能力的客观评价,特别对于低丰度高演化海相碳酸盐烃源岩生烃能力评价的影响尤为严重。文章阐述了碳酸盐岩的普遍存在运移沥青,以及识别烃源岩有机质原生性的各种方法,并以鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界为例,建立了一套适合于低丰度高演化海相碳酸盐烃源岩有机质原生性识别的有效方法。     

南黄海盆地二叠系烃源岩孢粉相特征及其形成环境

以沉积环境控制烃源岩发育理论为指导,应用孢粉相分析方法,以南黄海盆地二叠系大隆组、龙潭组和栖霞组烃源岩层段为研究对象,对典型钻井剖面的孢粉及沉积有机屑进行系统的分析。根据沉积有机屑的丰度特征和组分类型,探讨三套烃源岩的形成环境,初步评价其生烃潜力。研究结果表明,利用孢粉相分析方法,可以有效地对高成熟海相烃源岩的生烃潜力和形成环境进行客观评价:栖霞组为缺氧远陆架沉积环境,以无定形有机质为主,水体分层缺氧,是烃源岩形成的有利环境;大隆组为缺氧和少氧的陆架环境,也较有利于烃源岩的形成,生烃潜力较栖霞组差;龙潭组煤质型有机质较为丰富,为充氧的陆架区,以陆源输入为主,沉积区水体较浅,含氧量高,不利于富氢烃源岩的形成。     

金岭寺—羊山盆地北票组烃源岩特征

通过对采集的岩样进行地球化学综合分析,得出金羊盆地北票组为盆地主要烃源岩,为盆地油气生成提供了物质基础;北票组烃源岩有机质丰度不高,属差一中等烃源岩;干酪根类型以腐殖型为主,成烃母质为陆地高等植物：金羊盆地北票组烃源岩已经进入成烃门限．并处于成熟阶段中的低成熟到中成熟阶段。     

Source rock potential of selected Cretaceous shales,Orange Basin,South Africa

Twenty Cretaceous shale samples from two wells in the Orange Basin of South Africa were evaluated for their source rock potential. They were sampled from within a 1400 m-thick sequence in boreholes drilled through Lower to Upper Cretaceous sediments. The samples exhibit total organic carbon (TOC) content of 1.06–2.17%; Rock-Eval S2 values of 0.08–2.27 mg HC/g; and petroleum source potential (SP), which is the sum of S1 and S2, of 0.10–2.61 mg HC/g, all indicating the presence of poor to fair hydrocarbon generative potential. Hydrogen index (HI) values vary from 7 to 128 mg HC/g organic carbon and oxygen index (OI) ranges from 37 to 195 mg CO₂/g organic carbon, indicating predominantly Type III kerogen with perhaps minor amounts of Type IV kerogen. The maturity of the samples, as indicated by T _max values of 428–446°C, ranges from immature to thermally mature with respect to oil generation. Measured vitrinite reflectance values (%Ro) of representative samples indicate that these samples vary from immature to mature, consistent with the thermal alteration index (TAI) (spore colour) and fluorescence data for these samples. Organic petrographic analysis also shows that amorphous organic matter is dominant in these samples. Framboidal pyrite is abundant and may be indicative of a marine influence during deposition. Although our Rock-Eval pyrolysis data indicate that gas-prone source rocks are prevalent in this part of the Orange Basin, the geochemical characteristics of samples from an Aptian unit at 3318 m in one of the wells suggest that better quality source rocks may exist deeper, in more distal depositional parts of the basin.     

塔里木盆地奥陶系烃源岩二次生烃研究

为研究海相烃源岩二次生烃规律和塔里木盆地生排烃规律,以塔里木盆地奥陶系烃源岩为研究对象,首先通过构造-热演化史和生烃史研究得出,塔里木盆地典型构造单元奥陶系烃源岩具有二次生烃的特征,并且起始成熟度和生烃期次不同。然后选取自然条件下演化至不同起始成熟度的奥陶系海相烃源岩,采用热压模拟实验方法系统研究其二次生烃规律。研究表明：塔里木盆地奥陶系海相烃源岩二次生烃的主控因素是起始成熟度,二次生烃产率随起始成熟度增加规律性减小;低成熟和中成熟烃源岩具有大量生排油气潜力,出现相对延迟的生油高峰,高成熟烃源岩没有大量生油和生气的能力;两次不连续生烃量与一次连续生烃量的差值也受起始成熟度控制,具有阶段性;起始成熟度在低成熟到成熟阶段时,二次不连续生烃过程会增加烃源岩的生烃量,使生烃潜力增加,而高成熟阶段以后,二次不连续生烃过程就会减少烃源岩的生烃量,使生烃潜力减小。     

通化盆地下白垩统烃源岩石油地质特征及生烃潜力研究

通化盆地是松辽盆地东部外围的油气远景区之一,烃源岩发育特征和生烃潜力等问题未知,制约着盆地基础油气资源研究和后续油气资源勘探部署工作。为揭示通化盆地下白垩统烃源岩生烃潜力和页岩油气的赋存状态,在盆地内部署通地1井,对岩芯样品进行系统取样,完成了暗色泥岩有机质丰度、类型和成熟度的测试工作。实验结果表明,通化盆地下白垩统亨通山组暗色泥岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型以Ⅰ-Ⅱ1型为主,局部含有Ⅲ型,镜质组反射率分布范围为0.972%~1.127%,已进入大量生烃的成熟阶段;下桦皮甸子组暗色泥岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型以Ⅰ型为主,局部含有Ⅱ和Ⅲ型,镜质组反射率在0.986%~1.399%之间,已进入大量生烃的成熟阶段。其地球化学特征和世界上许多页岩油气田的烃源岩有相似之处,综合研究表明通化盆地下白垩统具有较好的常规油气和页岩气生成潜力。     

准噶尔盆地腹部及西南缘侏罗系烃源岩分子地球化学特征及形成环境剖析

准噶尔盆地腹部及西南缘侏罗系烃源岩厚度大,分布广,部分层段烃源岩较好,并已发现油源贡献,勘探前景较好。本文在前人基础之上,依据有机地球化学及有机岩石学的实验室分析测试手段,系统研究了侏罗系烃源岩分布特征、生烃潜力、分子地球化学特征及沉积环境。结果表明,盆1井西凹陷整体上侏罗系烃源岩生烃潜力较差,沙湾凹陷侏罗系八道湾组与西山窑组部分层段生烃潜力较好,三工河组烃源岩较差,四棵树凹陷侏罗系八道湾组分布较好的烃源岩,而三工河组与西山窑组烃源岩较差。此外,八道湾组沉积早期,主要发育三角洲前缘亚相与滨浅湖相,沙湾凹陷发育滨浅湖相、湖沼相,其南部发育半深湖相,有机质发育,烃源岩主要形成于以陆源高等植物输入为主的弱氧化-强氧化的沉积环境。三工河组沉积期,研究区大部分地区发育滨浅湖相,沙湾凹陷及东部地区局部发育半深湖相,烃源岩形成于强氧化的沉积环境,有机生源主要为陆源高等植物碎屑。西山窑组沉积期间,玛湖凹陷、陆梁隆起带及盆1井西凹陷发育三角洲平原与前缘亚相,沉积中心向沙湾凹陷的东部和南缘迁移,主要发育半深湖相沉积,烃源岩主要形成于弱氧化-强氧化的湖沼环境,生源输入以陆源高等植物为主。     

黔南坳陷海相优质烃源岩的生烃潜力及时空分布

黔南坳陷典型古油气藏的精细解剖对南方海相油气勘探有借鉴意义.本文利用沉积、有机岩石学和地球化学等综合手段,建立了黔南坳陷麻江古油藏、凯里残余油气藏地区和雪峰隆起西缘的二叠系-震旦系地球化学综合剖面,重点探讨了该地区优质烃源岩的生烃潜力和时空分布.黔东南地区,纵向自震旦系至二叠系均有烃源岩发育,其中早寒武世初期和二叠纪发育有两套优质烃源岩,以下寒武统盆地相、斜坡相的黑色页岩发育最好,有机质丰度高(TOC普遍大于2%),类型好(偏腐殖型),厚度大,是气候变暖、海平面上升和生物大爆发等全球性重大地质事件的耦合作用下,由热液活动、上升洋流等共同引起的高古生产力和缺氧环境控制的产物,是本地区大中型油气田形成的主要物质基础.二叠纪盆地相和泻湖相中发育的优质烃源岩对黔中隆起及其周缘地区油气成藏也具有重要作用.     

准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系烃源岩排烃效率研究

准噶尔盆地南缘下部成藏组合勘探日趋重要,其主力烃源岩生烃潜力和排烃效率的研究亟待加强。根据排烃门限理论,利用生烃潜力法建立了准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系烃源岩的生、排烃模式,并计算了烃源岩的生烃量、排烃量和排烃效率。研究表明,准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系泥质烃源岩和煤层的排烃门限对应的镜质组反射率均为0. 7 %。侏罗系烃源岩的总生烃量为3 973. 84 x 108t,总排烃量为1 402. 71 x108t,其中八道湾组烃源岩排烃量占总排烃量的69.85%。准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系烃源岩的平均排烃效率为35. 30%,不同层系不同岩性烃源岩,其排烃效率明显不同,泥质烃源岩排烃效率远大于煤层。综合分析认为,准噶尔盆地南缘侏罗系烃源岩生、排烃量大,排烃效率较高,下部成藏组合以侏罗系烃源岩为主力烃源岩,具有良好的资源潜力。     

Tectonic Evolution and Petroleum Systems in the Junggar Basin

The Junggar basin is located in the northern part of Xinjiang of China. It is part of the Kazakstan plate, surrounded by the Paleozoic folded mountains: the Halaart, Zayier and Chepaizi Mountains in the northwest, the Qingelidi and Karamaili Mountains in the northeast, and the Tianshan Mountains in the south. In different evolution stages, the basin's types are different, and the stratigraphy and deposition are also different. From the Carboniferous to Tertiary the basin has in turn gone through rift basin, collision foreland basin, intraplate depression basin and regenerated foreland basin. Based on an analysis of thermal evolution history and buried history of the source rocks, three major periods of oil generation are found in the basin. According to the characteristics of source rock distribution, evolution, oil-source correlation, structure and multi-phase and mixed pools, the Junggar basin could be divided into 4 composite petroleum systems. Due to the variation in sedimentary facies, difference in     

地球微生物过程与潜在烃源岩的形成:钙质微生物岩

钙质微生物岩是各种微生物生命活动引起的特殊的碳酸盐建造, 主要集中发育在前寒武纪及显生宙等重大地质转折期, 在我国华北及华南地区有着广泛的分布.微生物岩中大量微生物化石的存在反映当时的海洋具有很高的初级生产力.明显偏低的钼同位素值显示在前寒武纪相当长的时期里, 海洋底部处于缺氧状态.Th/U值的急剧降低和黄铁矿在浅水台地区的广泛出现显示二叠纪大绝灭后, 海洋环境也同样呈现缺氧的还原状态.高生产力和还原的沉积环境为生物有机质的埋藏及烃源岩的形成创造了条件.前寒武纪及晚泥盆世微生物岩中沥青的发现, 进一步增加了钙质微生物岩作为潜在碳酸盐型烃源岩的可能性.      

Sedimentary Environments of Cambrian–Ordovician Source Rocks and Ultra-deep Petroleum Accumulation in the Tarim Basin

The Tarim Basin is the only petroliferous basin enriched with marine oil and gas in China. It is presently also the deepest basin for petroleum exploration and development in the world. There are two main sets of marine Source Rocks (SRs) in the Tarim Basin, namely the high over-mature Cambrian–Lower Ordovician (∈–O1) and the moderately mature Middle–Upper Ordovician (O2–3). The characteristic biomarkers of SRs and oils indicate that the main origin of the marine petroleum is a mixed source of ∈–O1 and O2–3 SRs. With increasing burial, the hydrocarbon contribution of the ∈–O1 SRs gradually increases. Accompanied by the superposition of multi-stage hydrocarbon-generation of the SRs and various secondary alteration processes, the emergence and abnormal enrichment of terpenoids, thiophene and trimethylaryl isoprenoid in deep reservoirs indicate a complex genesis of various deep oils and gases. Through the analysis of the biofacies and sedimentary environments of the ∈–O1 and O2–3 SRs, it is shown that the lower Paleozoic high-quality SRs in the Tarim Basin were mainly deposited in a passive continental margin and the gentle slope of the platform, deep-water shelf and slope facies, which has exhibited a good response to the local tectonic-sedimentary environment. The slope of the paleo-uplift is the mutual area for the development of carbonate reservoirs and the deposition of marine SRs, which would be favorable for the accumulation of petroleum. Due to the characteristics of low ground temperature, the latest rapid and deep burial does not cause massive oil-cracking in the paleo-uplift and slope area. Therefore, it is speculated that the marine reservoirs in the slope of the Tabei Uplift are likely to be a favorable area for deep petroleum exploration, while the oil-cracking gas would be a potential reserve around the west margin of the Manjiaer Depression. Hydrocarbons were generated from various unit SRs, mainly migrating along the lateral unconformities or reservoirs and the vertical faults. They eventually brought up three major types of exploration fields: middle and lower Cambrian salt-related assemblages, dolomite inner reservoirs and Middle and Lower Ordovician oil-bearing karst, which would become the most favorable target of marine ultra-deep exploration in the Tarim Basin.     

巴西坎普斯盆地油气地质特征

坎普斯盆地为典型的被动大陆边缘拉伸裂谷盆地,由前裂谷期(非海相)、同裂谷期(过渡相)及后裂谷期(海相)三个构造层组成.含盐层序为区域盖层,盐下层序泥页岩和盐上层序坎普斯组泥页岩为局部盖层;主要烃源岩为下白垩统拉高亚费耶组湖相黑色钙质页岩;古近系和新近系浊积砂岩为主力储集体,上白垩统浊积岩也是重要储层,下白垩统尼欧克姆阶...     

二连盆地烃源岩层内云质岩油气成藏研究

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