《中国水土保持》

《中国水土保持》是水利部主管、黄河水利委员会主办的全国性水土保持业务与技术综合性期刊。为全国中文核心期刊、《中国学术期刊综合评价数据库》来源期刊、全国水利系统优秀科技期刊和河南省优秀科技期刊。本刊紧密围绕全国水土保持中心工作，贯彻水土保持方针政策，报道水土保持科技成果，推广生态建设先进技术，介绍监督执法新鲜经验，普及水土保持基础知识，提供水土保持动态信息。20多年的办刊实践形成了融政策性、技术性、新闻性和实用性为一体的独特风格，内容雅俗共赏，印刷质量精美，开设了20多个栏目，深受读者欢迎。读者对象为从事水土保持生态建设管理与科研的干部、工作者。     

中国水土保持区划方案初步研究

水土保持区划是水土保持规划的基础,可为生态环境建设和区域管理与发展提供科学的依据.简要回顾了相关区划工作,明确了水土保持区划的概念,结合我国水土流失等生态环境特点,提出了水土保持区划原则、指标体系和命名规则;通过构建全国水土保持区划协作平台和数据上报系统,结合我国已有相关水土保持研究成果,采用自上而下与自下而上的演绎归纳途径和定性与定量相结合的方法,构建了我国水土保持区划初步方案,将全国划分为8个一级区,41 个二级区,117 个三级区.     

中国城市水土保持研究综述

本文系统回顾了10多年来我国城市水土保持研究进展。首先从城市水土保持研究的阶段划分入手,将研究历程分为1995-1999年的问题导向型研究阶段和2000年至今的目标导向型研究阶段,并分析了不同阶段我国城市水土保持研究的重点和特色;其次,根据城市水土保持研究的理论框架从理论基础研究、形成机制研究、状况评价研究、保持措施研究四个方面进行了归纳与总结,另外对相关学科和理论发展也进行了介绍;最后,总结当前城市水土保持研究所存在的问题,提出结合城市土地利用开展基于城市水土保持的功能导向型研究,对未来研究发展的主要趋势和重点问题进行了探讨。     

黄土高原工矿城镇水土保持型生态环境调控研究-以大柳塔镇区为例

通过对大柳塔镇区生态环境和社会经济的分析,揭示了黄土高原生态环境系统中的矛盾,探讨了系统调控的思路,认为黄土高原地区工矿城镇生态环境建设应建立在水土保持的基础上,建立了大柳塔镇区生态环境治理的调控模式.     

台湾水土保持见闻

笔者有幸参加了 1999年 6月初在宝岛台湾举行的”第三届海峡两岸水土保持研讨会”。通过 3天的会议交流和 8天的野外考察 ,初步了解了台湾水土保持状况 ,并对此产生了深刻印象。现借此机会谈谈笔者在台期间对台湾水土保持界的所见、所闻、所感 ,但愿这些见闻能对大陆同行有所启发或借鉴。1　研究水平较高尽管台湾的森林覆盖率高达 5 2 % ,且天然林保存相当完好 ,但由于台湾地区台风多 ,暴雨强 ,而且山地面积大 ,山高壁陡 ,地质脆弱 ,母岩以易被冲刷的粘板岩、页岩、砂岩为主 ,加之近年来坡地农业开发等因素的影响 ,台湾一直是水土流失和泥石…     

中国地貌与第四纪研究的近今进展与未来展望

近年来,在来自国民经济建设巨大需求的推动下,我国地貌与第四纪学服务于国民经济建设,取得了长足的进展.本文对近年来(主要为2006-2008年间)我国在地貌与第四纪方面所取得的主要进展进行了综述,包括构造地貌、流水地貌、风沙地貌、冰川地貌、河口与海岸地貌和第四纪环境演变方面的进展.同时,还指出了学科发展中存在的问题.文中对未来发展进行了展望,提出了推动学科发展的若干建议:(1)加强地貌学基本理论研究;(2)加强应用地貌研究,更好地为国家建设的重大需求服务;(3)加强地貌学的实验研究;(4)加强人才队伍建设.     

太行山片麻岩山地植被水土保持效益研究

以放牧荒草坡地为对照,对太行山区片麻岩山地不同植被的水土保持效益进行了观测研究表明,在太行山片麻岩山地三种常见植被（ 刺槐林、臭椿林和荆条灌丛） 中,以刺槐林植被在涵养水源、保持水土、改善土壤结构等方面的作用最明显,其次为臭椿林植被。林下枯枝落叶层对于森林保持水土起着不可替代的作用。     

太行山片磨岩山地植被水土保持效益研究

以放牧荒草坡地为对照,对太行山区片麻岩山地不同植被的要持效益进行了观测研究表明,在太行山片麻岩山地三种常见植被中,以刺槐林植被涵养水源,保持水土,改善土壤结构等方面的作用最明显,其次为臭椿林植被。林下枯枝落叶层对于森林保持不土起着不可替代的作用。     

A review of soil and water conservation in China

The preservation and sustainable development of soil and water resources is one of the basic principles for the development of China. Throughout the course of history, all the social improvement and economic development are deeply concerned with soil loss and ecological environmental protection. It is now a common sense that soil and water conservation is the safety insurance for national ecology and its development. For the past long period of time, soil and water loss has been recognized as "the No.1 killer" to the ecological environment. The nation is on the stage of the critical conditions for its development. China has massive mountain and upland area with complicated geological conditions and accelerated human destruction and serious soil and water loss. Based on rich historical documents, renovating experience and detailed analysis of the data collected in field experiments and field surveys for soil and water conservation, this paper aims to review the general characteristics of soil and water loss, to explore the relationship between soil and water conservation and sustainable economic development, and to provide relevant strategies for soil and water conservation in China.     

A study on scheme of soil and water conservation regionalization in China

Regionalization of soil and water conservation is a base for the planning of soil and water conservation in China. It can provide scientific basis for constructing healthy eco-environment and regional management and development. It makes a brief review of related regionalization of study and makes clear the concept of regionalization of soil and water conservation. In this paper, based on synthetical analysis of the characteristics of eco-environments of China, the principles, indices and nomenclature of the regionalization of soil and water conservation are proposed. Through the construction of the regionalization of soil and water conservation collaboration platform and data reporting system, combined with existing soil and water conservation research, this paper uses the top-down and bottom-up and the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to build soil and water conservation regionalization preliminary scheme, with 8 regions, 41 sub-regions and 117 sections divided in China.     

半干旱区降水和水土保持措施强度-径流演变规律研究

为研究不同时期及水土保持措施条件下,降水量、水土保持措施强度与径流的演变规律,运用泰森多边形法、Morlet小波分析法、回归分析法,构建多元功效函数,进行甘肃省定西市安定区近60 a年降水量、措施强度与径流演变研究。结果表明:1957—2016年年径流量呈递减趋势,达极显著水平(P<0.001);在22～24 a、8 a、4 a时间尺度上,年降水量和径流具有明显的震荡周期,平均周期为15 a、5 a、3 a左右。梯田、造林、种草及封育等水土保持措施强度逐年递增,分别达36.14hm²·km^-2、25.26 hm²·km^-2、11.56 hm²·km^-2和3.22 hm²·km^-2。随周期(3 a、5 a、15 a)的变长,同等降水量对产流量影响有所增大;同等水土保持措施强度对产流量影响有所减小;降水量和措施强度组合解释了径流模数总方差的57.46%～85.80%;降水量对径流模数的影响约低于40%,措施强度...     

甘肃河西地区1986—2011年水土保持生态安全格局

以甘肃河西内陆河流域为研究区域,在凸显水土保持综合措施作用的基础上,运用压力(Pressure)-状态(State)-响应(Response)模型,选取12个评价指标,用综合指数评价法对该地区的生态安全格局进行分析.结果表明:(1)研究区1986—2011年水土保持生态安全指数由0.4046(风险级)上升至0.5211(敏感级),呈现不断改善的趋势;(2)1986—2011年压力指数逐年减小,说明该区环境资源压力持续增大,基于水土保持综合措施的生态环境状态和响应指数自2001年明显增加,表明甘肃内陆河流域实施的水土保持综合措施建设具有一定的效果;(3)甘州区、金塔县、高台县以及玉门市的生态安全指数自2001年起略有下降,民勤县水土保持生态安全度虽有提升,但仍然处于恶化级.     

中国土壤有效含水量分布

1IntroductionAvailable soil water capacity (ASWC) is the volume of soil water that should be available to plants. It is commonly estimated as the amount of water held between field capacity (FC) and permanent wilting point (PWP) with corrections for salin…     

Distribution of available soil water capacity in China

The available soil water capacity (ASWC) is important for studying crop production, agro-ecological zoning, irrigation planning, and land cover changes. Laboratory determined data of ASWC are often not available for most of soil profiles and the nationwide ASWC largely remains lacking in relevant soil data in China. This work was to estimate ASWC based on physical and chemical properties and analyze the spatial distribution of ASWC in China. The pedo-transfer functions (PTFs), derived from 220 survey data of ASWC, and the empirical data of ASWC based on soil texture were applied to quantify the ASWC. GIS technology was used to develop a spatial file of ASWC in China and the spatial distribution of ASWC was also analyzed. The results showed the value of ASWC ranges from 15 × 10-2 cm3·cm-3 to 22 × 10-2 cm3·cm-3 for most soil types, and few soil types are lower than 15 × 10-2 cm3·cm-3 or higher than 22 × 10-2 cm3·cm-3. The ASWC is different according to the complex soil types and their distribution. It is higher in the east than that in the west, and the values reduce from south to north except the northeastern part of China. The "high" values of ASWC appear in southeast, northeastern mountain regions and Northeast China Plain. The relatively "high" values of ASWC appear in Sichuan basin, Huang-Huai-Hai plain and the east of Inner Mongolia. The relatively "low" values are distributed in the west and the Loess Plateau of China. The "very low" value regions are the northern Tibetan Plateau and the desertified areas in northern China. In some regions, the ASWC changes according to the complex topography and different types of soils. Though there remains precision limitation, the spatial data of ASWC derived from this study are improved on current data files of soil water retention properties for Chinese soils. This study presents basic data and analysis methods for estimation and evaluation of ASWC in China.     

A review of water resources utilization and protection in Southwest China

Yunnan and Guizhou are two provinces in Southwest China where in recent years drought disasters have occurred due to natural and human factors. This paper reviewed literature and summarized the related achievements of water resources utilization and protection in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. This included characters and utilization of precipitation, rivers, and karst ground water in the two provinces, and also the various explanations of drought (climate and human factors) and strategies for coping with droughts. Our concluding remarks highlight three lines of future studies: inequalities and equitable use of water distribution, better evaluation systems, and raising awareness through conservation practices.     

黄河中游多沙粗沙区流域坡面水保措施变化特征

选用Landsat TM、环境星CCD、SPOT4 和资源三号卫星影像等多源地学数据,通过人机交互式解译和修订土地利用与梯田数据,提出用相邻图幅递进回归分析法消除NDVI时相差异后反演植被盖度,构建起退耕还林还草面积比例、植被盖度均值变化量和有效梯田累计保存面积比例3 个坡面特征变化指示参数后,运用综合聚类分析和多要素贡献率模型研究黄河中游多沙粗沙区的流域坡面水保措施变化特征。结果表明：（1） 1998-2010 年间研究区内流域坡面水保措施变化显著,平均退耕还林还草面积比例为5.55%,平均林草植被盖度均值增加20.63%,平均有效梯田累计保存面积比例达6.25%;（2） 多要素水保措施变化共同作用下的流域坡面变化特征主要有7 种类型,即植被盖度变化主导型、植被—土地变化主导型、土地—植被变化主导型、植被—梯田变化主导型、梯田—植被变化主导型、梯田面积变化主导型和多要素变化共同主导型;（3） 不同类型的空间分布存在一定的地貌背景差异,后续研究应结合流域坡面变化特征及其地貌格局来优化配置水保措施,并合理估计水沙模型模拟的敏感性参数。     

Factors influencing adoption and continued use of long-term soil and water conservation measures in five developing countries

Many regions in the world are affected by land degradation. Successive development projects have promoted a variety of soil and water conservation (SWC) measures to prevent further land degradation. However, these measures have seldom been adopted on a large scale. This paper deals with the adoption process of investments in SWC measures, and with the factors influencing adoption and continued use of these measures. After a theoretical introduction, whereby three phases in the adoption process are distinguished, it presents and compares some results of independent empirical research projects on adoption of SWC measures in five developing countries. Some general conclusions are drawn from these diverse research results.