应用遥感技术对福州市内河现状分析

本文应用高分辨率的遥感数据，进行高精确度的水系信息提取，获得福州市主城区内河的现状及变化信息，并对其变化原因进行粗略分析，为内河整治、改善居住环境及生态环境提供监测的数据资料。     

国内外城市内河旅游研究评述

城市内河由于具有文化遗产承载、生态环境调节和城市形象构建等多元功能, 逐渐成为国内外城市内河旅游开发的主要方向, 是人们日常休闲娱乐的重要场所之一。本文通过对国内外城市内河旅游相关文献的梳理, 发现国外研究主要涉及内河旅游产品类型、旅游影响、旅游管理、理论与方法等方面。而国内研究则主要趋向于城市内河沿岸景观布局、内河水体旅游规划设计、城市内河旅游国外经验借鉴等方面, 缺乏系统的阐述。本文通过对国内外城市内河旅游研究的评述与展望, 希望对国内城市内河旅游发展有所启示。     

海口市美舍河生态修复工程

城市内河作为贯穿城市的生态廊道,对整个城市的生态网络构建有着重要作用。但由于受空间限制,目前城市内河普遍存在人工渠化、水体污染、景观单一等问题。根据海口市美舍河自身的区位特征,以提升生态、景观与文化功能为目标,对城市内河进行了生态堤岸工程和红树林种植工程。该项工程提升了美舍河的水文效益、生态效益、景观效益和社会效益。通过介绍海口市美舍河的生态修复案例,为沿海地区城市内河改造和环境建设提供参考和借鉴。     

福州内河水环境治理及其研究的若干问题

本文概括介绍了福州内河治理现状及其存在的问题；着重就内河水环境进一步整治所必须的基础工作(即通过加强原型观测和利用数学模型手段)、内河河网水流和污染物运动规律等问题进行了探讨。     

福州内河水环境治理及其研究的若干问题

本文概括介绍了福州内河治理现状及其存在的问题;着重就内河水环境进一步整治所必须的基础工作(即通过加强原型观测和利用数学模型手段)、内河河网水流和污染物运动规律等问题进行了探讨.     

城市内河综合整治工程对周边房产的影响研究--以上海浦东张家浜为例

本文以浦东张家浜为案例，对城市内河综合整冶工程进行了成效分析，并基于内涵资产评价法思路着重探讨了综合整治工程对河道周边房产价格的影响。研究结果表明，城市内河综合整治工程不但具有显著的生态环境效益，而且可以带来较好的社会经济效益，根据调查结果估算，张家浜河道综合整治工程大约能够使周边房价提升5～10％。     

响水河钙华形成的水化学特征与碳稳定同位素研究

介绍了贵州小七孔景区的地质构造、气候、植被、水文等自然条件,结合野外监测和室内水化学分析结果,阐述了响水河钙华形成的水化学时空变化,发现钙华沉积主要发生于气温较高,日照强烈的白天.并利用碳稳定同位素分析结果,推断该景区内河成钙华主要是起源于生物成因产生的CO2溶解石灰岩而后在河流下游产生方解石沉积的结果.     

城市河岸带土地利用和景观格局变化的生态环境效应研究——以北京市典型再生水补水河流河岸带为例

以北京市典型再生水利用河流(清河、北小河、坝河和通惠河)及其流域为主要研究对象,利用1989年、2000年和2008年3期Landsat TM数据,借助于土地利用类型特征参数、景观聚集度、景观斑块密度等指标,在流域和河岸带尺度上,分析1989～2008年研究区土地利用变化的多尺度时空分异特征及其变化轨迹.基于流域尺度的分析结果表明,土地利用类型面积的变化主要为城乡建设用地增加和林地减少;与1989～2000年间相比,2000～2008年的研究区土地利用变化率相对减小.基于河岸带尺度的分析结果表明,1989～2008年期间,因城市化发展导致沟渠、库塘等水域面积减小;耕地主要分布在100～500m河岸缓冲带范围内;城乡建设用地主要集中分布在500～800m河岸缓冲带范围内,城乡建设用地由1989～2000年间的分散扩张转变为2000～2008年间的有序优化整合,扩张范围趋向远离河道的河岸缓冲带区域;2000～2008年间,新增林地密集分布在100～200m和700～800m河岸缓冲带区域.内河流域生态廊道功能主要体现在沿河道200m的河岸缓冲带范围内,以再生水为补充水源的高度人工化的城市内河流域生态廊道效应在增强.     

长三角地区港口腹地范围演化及其影响机制

本文尝试将海港和内河港的腹地范围演化纳入统一的研究框架。运用场强模型划分2001年、2008年和2016年长三角主要海港和内河港口的直接腹地范围,分析其演化特征,总结演化最显著的两大龙头港口——上海港和宁波港的腹地演化影响机制。结果表明：① 港口场强分布特征是以三大海港为龙头形成三大高场强集聚区。② 港口直接腹地演化最明显的特征是宁波港扩张的腹地范围基本来自上海港收缩的腹地范围。③ 上海港的直接腹地范围不断被宁波港袭夺是因为上海港通过市场主导和行政协调的机制,扩展了沿着长江布局的内河港口群水水中转的间接腹地,而非直接陆地腹地;相反,宁波港主要依靠行政机制和逐渐强化的市场力量,使直接陆地腹地范围逐渐延展到浙江全省。     

利用山水特色,重现福州山水城市

山、水和绿化是构成福州古城山水的基本要素。在城市不断扩展的过程中,由于对城市山水,尤其是内河的开发和利用不够合理,保护不够得力,使福州失去了山水城市的特色。通过以福州城市山水现状的调查和分析,认为必须从旅游和生态的角度出发,增强环境意识,恢复城市内河活力,加强城市绿化,建设好“三山”,以提高城市环境质量,重现福州的山水城市风貌。     

Reconstructing the development of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range during the latter half of the Holocene

We examine the sequence of changes in the structure of the geosystems of the Primorsky Range (Baikal region) for the last 6000 years, based on a continuous recording of fluctuations of the vegetation reconstructed from spore-pollen complexes of a high peat bog. We determined the chronological timeframe of paleogeographical events. The study showed that there occurred a radical structure transformation of the geosystems in the mid-late Holocene, along with a recurrence of similar landscape transformations caused by the instability of natural conditions.     

On the origin of the seismic anisotropy of the lithosphere

Summary. It is known that flow in the mantle can produce preferred orientation in olivine crystals with seismic anisotropy as a consequence. Flow in the subcrustal lithosphere is unlikely because of the high viscosity. Lenses of high temperature and low-viscosity ( anomalous mantle ) are located under the crust in many tectonically active regions, and viscous flow can easily arise in such material resulting in seismic anisotropy. After cooling, such anomalous mantle acquires high viscosity and becomes incorporated into the lithospheric layer preserving the anisotropy produced by the flows which existed previously. The interaction of the stresses with cracks in the upper crust can be one of the causes of anisotropy in this layer.     

对沙漠化农田能转化效率及潜力的分析

我国北方东起黑龙江省嫩江地区, 吉林白城地区及辽宁西部, 包括内蒙兴安盟东南、哲里木、昭乌达、锡林郭勒、乌兰察布、伊克昭等盟的大部地区, 直至河北坝上、陕西榆林北部约26.7万平方公里的幅员范围内, 由于自然条件的特殊性(地表组成物质质地松散、沙粒成分比重很大及气候干旱、多大风, 且年内季风与周期性干旱相吻合), 加上人类不合理开发活动的影响, 成为我国目前沙漠化发展最活跃的地区, 其沙漠化土地近16.5万平方公里, 占全区总面积的61.5%。该地区有较长的经济开发史, 农、牧业相互影响, 交错分布的情况, 在历史上业已形成。据粗略统计, 该区范围内, 有旱作耕地近5, 000万亩, 多以传统的粗放的撂荒种植制进行经营, 长年遭受不同程度的风沙危害, 属于生产水平较为低下的农田类型。这些农田急待整治, 以便提高生产力。由于本区年均降水量在350-450毫米之间, 客观上具有发展旱作农业的可能性。如能合理经营、科学利用其自然资源, 将可能发展成为农、牧业结合的发达地区。从而对我国北方地区农业发展起促进作用。为了深化对沙漠化农田的认识, 揭示其生态失调的实质, 本文将就生态系统观点对其进行分析以寻求有效的整治沙漠化农田的途径。     

Direct determination of the characteristics of the currents responsible for the geomagnetic anomaly of the Rhinegraben

Summary. Previous geomagnetic measurements in the Rhinegraben have led us to assume that the responsible currents have the properties of direct currents and that they all flow in the sediments filling the graben. In order to verify these conclusions, we have performed measurements in a mine at a depth of 650 m. By comparing the field simultaneously recorded at the surface, in the mine and at the reference station, it is possible to deduce that the anomalous currents have the above mentioned properties.     

城市化的开发区模式研究

我国许多城市通过开发区建设,在短时间内完成了产业和人口的集聚,实现了城市地域空间和人口规模的跳跃性增长和产业结构的转型。由于在这种城市空间增长过程中,开发区建设起了决定作用,因此,这种以开发区带动整个地区城市化的方式可称为"开发区模式"。开发区驱动城市化的机制表现在开发区自身区域的城市化和开发区带动周围农村地区城市化两个层面,并具有快速跳跃性、外驱性和不稳定性、人为性、经济增长模式的单一性和基础设施建设的高标准性等特征。针对开发区建设中出现的问题,提出了促进其健康发展的建议。     

Chemical composition of waters and the phytoplankton of the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river

Field observations showed that the characteristics of chemical composition of waters and the development of plankton algae in the lakes within the delta of the Selenga river are determined by their flowage. The most open Lake Nekipelovskoe communicates with the Selenga outlets throughout a year, and Lake Zavernyaikha only at the period of an open channel. Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton are located in the islands and are isolated from the outlets. According to composition of main ions, the lakes under investigation refer to the hydrocarbonate class, the calcium group. The sum of ions in the water of Lake Nekipelovskoe approaches the one in the Selenga (86?221 mg/dm³), and the highest sums of ions were recorded in the wintertime in the lakes isolated from the outlets (446?743 mg/dm³). The lakes of the delta are characterized by a high trophicity. The maximum concentrations of total phosphorus in Lake Nekipelovskoe and Lake Zavernyaikha were 68 and 122 μg mg/dm³, and in Lake Semenovskoe and Lake Khlystov Zaton ?0.8 and ?0.63 μg mg/dm³, respectively. The most intense development of algae is observed in Lake Zavernyaikha, which is due to the high population of Baikal endemics. Lake Zavernyaikha showed a close negative correlation between the concentration of NO ₃ ^? , mineral phosphorus and phytoplankton biomass; the correlation coefficient was ?0.8 and ?0.63, respectively. The lakes exhibited increased contents readily hydrolysable organic matter, and a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration in winter; hydrogen sulfide was repeatedly recorded in Lake Khlystov Zaton. The water quality in the lakes during the springtime varies from “quite clean” to “weakly polluted”; at low-water periods, especially in winters, it can drop to the category of “exceedingly dirty”. The water quality of the Selenga can be influenced by the lakes during spring floods when material accumulated during the wintertime is transported to the river outlets and further to Lake Baikal.     

Transformation of the vegetation cover in the zone of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk

The influence of air emissions from the enterprises of the city of Norilsk on the vegetation cover of adjacent territories was revealed. The categories of resistance of some plant species and communities to technogenic loads have been ascertained. The protective role of overmoistening of habitats was observed for plants.