浙西新路盆地火山岩型铀成矿的深部动力学机制

在中生代岩浆作用过程主量元素、微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素地球化学演化轨迹的研究基础上,探讨了新路盆地火山岩型铀成矿的深部动力学机制.研究表明,新路盆地由早至晚系列岩浆岩,SiO2含量依次降低,碱度和K2O/Na2O比值逐渐升高,氧化物含量表现为“跳跃性”演变并趋向辉绿岩;ΣLREE、δEu值和Sr元素等含量显著动态升高;微量元素特征比值表现出趋势性变化特点;Sr-Nd同位素演化呈现出由黄尖组熔结凝灰岩依次趋向花岗斑岩、辉绿岩的混合演化趋势线;代表成矿流体同位素组成的萤石投影点位于岩浆作用过程Sr-Nd同位素混合演化趋势线上,且较花岗斑岩更趋近于辉绿岩投影区.认为新路盆地铀矿床成矿流体具有壳幔源区物质混合特征;酸性系列岩浆岩与火山岩型铀矿在空间上的叠置,是壳幔作用机制下系列产物的耦合;来自岩石圈富集地幔的以富含LREE及K、Sr等大离子亲石元素为特征的高温“轻物质流”持续上涌及由此诱发的壳幔作用,为新路盆地岩浆活动及火山岩型铀成矿作用提供了动力学机制;壳幔作用源区是铀成矿作用的动力源,也是成矿流体的发源地.     

掌鳞刺属演化及晚泥盆世环境变迁

牙形石掌鳞刺属Palmatolepis齿合结构和形态随时间演替，由近正三角形向长三角形、长菱演化，在F／F界线附近受地质事件的影响而中断，使Palmatolepis齿台结构呈二段式发展，在Palmatolepis的分子中，那些演经速度快，结构变化大的分子首先灭绝，而那些演化速度慢，结构变化小的分子延续时间长，分布范围也更加广泛，在地质事件中被保留下来并得以延续，这种演化规律可能是生物有选择性灭绝与复苏的原因之一。晚泥盆世F／F之交环境的变化可能是由于海退，海底毒气喷发，超理金属元素的污染造成的。     

云南元谋小河组脊棱齿象(Stegolophodon)化石新材料

文章报道了云南元谋盆地上中新统小河组芝麻大村小夹巷巷地点的脊棱齿象属(Stegolophodon)的新化石材料:包括一完整的、轻度磨耗的左上第二臼齿,和一不完整的、重度磨耗的右上第三臼齿.第二臼齿和第三臼齿主齿柱中附锥和前中心小尖愈合;后中心小尖很弱小;前二脊发育中沟,且几乎排成一条直线,仅主齿柱的中附锥比主尖略微靠前;第三臼齿的后三脊略向前弯.这些特征与西瓦利克道克派珊组的剑齿象型脊棱齿象(Stegolophodon stegodontoides)形态上十分相似,可归为同一种.元谋盆地小河组此前发现的所谓“Stegolophodon banguoensis”和“Stegolophodon aff.banguoensis”经比较均可以归为此种.小河组的磁性地层年代约为8.3～ 7.2Ma,而相距不远的昭通盆地出产最原始的剑齿象Stegodon zhaotongensis的层位的磁性地层年代约为6.5～6.OMa,因此,剑齿象型脊棱齿象代表了脊棱齿象演化到晚中新世中期的进步类型,此后,脊棱齿象便迅速演化为剑齿象.小河组的剑齿象型脊棱齿象的新材料,能为这一幕演化历史提供生物年代学和形态学的双重证据.     

泰山地区晚太古代“框架侵入岩”的地质特征及稀土地球化学演化

晚太古代“框架侵入岩”的涵义,是指在晚太古代ＴＴＧ花岗片麻岩和二长花岗片麻岩大片出露的复杂地区,规模甚小但分布较广泛,在建立区域岩石谱系单位序列表时可起到类似“标志层”和骨架作用的中、深色侵入岩类。它们的矿物成分变化基本连续,可能具有某种成因联系或属于一个成因系列;其ＲＥＥ丰度逐渐增高,轻、重稀土分馏程度表现为愈趋显著的总体演化趋势。     

邹平火山岩盆地铜多金属成矿对构造-岩浆事件的响应

通过邹平火山岩盆地不同岩石类型岩石化学特征的对比分析：认为火山活动总的趋势是由弱到强,爆发指数为38—68—92;火山岩3个亚组SI值均〈40,表明母岩浆可能是由幔源岩浆经分异演化或同化而形成的;侵入岩口介于2．39～4．99,属钙碱性一碱性岩系;DI为65．15～88．98,岩浆分异演化程度相对较高;A／NKC为0．96～1．02,岩石为弱过铝质。该区岩浆岩属壳幔型中性岩一壳幔型和铝质地壳过渡区中酸性岩一酸性岩的岩浆岩区。铜多金属对构造一岩浆事件的响应可描述为：长期继承性活动的区域性构造和振荡性的岩浆侵入活动,致使富碱质岩浆热液与已结晶的二长质岩石在地球化学界面发生交代蚀变,并进行了物质交换。     

陕南光石沟伟晶岩型铀矿床中长石矿物化学初步研究

以光石沟伟晶岩型铀矿床中相关伟晶岩中的长石为研究对象,开展系统的矿物化学电子探针研究,结果显示其中的斜长石都属于更长石、钠长石,碱性长石均为透长石,运用二长石温度计计算出了四种类型伟晶岩的结晶温度。通过研究,认为4种类型伟晶岩具有岩浆演化关系,从不含矿黑云母伟晶岩-含矿黑云母伟晶岩-二云母伟晶岩-白云母伟晶岩,随着伟晶岩岩浆演化程度的增高,成岩结晶温度不断降低,岩浆逐渐向酸性演化,同时由于黑云母等富氟矿物的产出,导致晶质铀矿的沉淀而富集成矿。     

海南戈枕剪切带构造岩石英组构和超微构造研究

海南戈枕剪切带南部二甲－不磨地区糜棱岩类构造岩石英组构和超微构造呈现有规律的变化，表现在从剪切带边部至中心，从南西段到北东段，石英组构的剪切角由大变小，由单极密环带组构向多极密环带组构变化。用位错密度法和重结晶石英粒度法估算的差异应力和应变速率值，以剪切带北东段中心（２４５．６ＭＰａ，３．３４×１０￣（－１３）／ｓ）最大，向边部（１６２．９ＭＰａ，５．８３×１０￣（－１６）／ｓ）和南西段（１４９．１ＭＰａ，４．６３×１０￣（－１６）／ｓ）变小，表明剪切带北东段中心处于韧性域，边部和南西段处于韧脆性域。用这些资料较好地解释了该区金矿床的空间分布，含金地质体及工业矿体（富矿包）的产状等。     

辽宁岫岩地区晚侏罗世侵入岩地质特征及岩浆演化

岫岩地区晚侏罗世侵入岩属钙碱性钾质系列过铝的岩石类型,根据岩性和接触关系分为二期。岩石类型由早期的中细粒黑云母(角闪石)二长花岗岩向晚期的细粒角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩演化;黑云母成分由早期铁叶云母向晚期铁质黑云母演化。斜长石排号逐渐减小。副矿物组合均为锆石-鳞灰石型。     

崂山花岗岩岩石地球化学与成因

崂山花岗岩是中国东部晚中生代较典型的由钙碱性岩碱和碱性岩套构成的复合花岗岩体，可划分石英二长岩、黑云二长花岗岩、正长花岗岩和碱性花岗同夺四个单元，结晶年龄分别为１４６．８、１２６．２、１１３．０和１１０．８Ｍａ。岩石地球化学研究表明：钙碱性岩套自石英二长岩→黑云二长花岗岩→正长花岗岩 呈现向富硅、富碱、低铝、低钙、低镁方向的演化特征；碱性花岗岩总体呈现出高硅、高碱、低铝、低钙、低镁的特征，其大离子亲石元素和高场强元素Ga、Nb、Hf、Zr、Y及Ga／Al、F／Cl比值等明显偏高，与国内外典型的A型花岗岩成分相当。同位泰示踪及成岩机理研究揭示出崂山花岗岩起源于下地壳基底变质岩的部分熔融。两套岩石分别与两次熔融事件有关，钙碱性岩套各单元是岩浆不同分离结晶程度的产物，而碱性花岗岩可能起源于经先前熔融事件(形成钙碱性岩套)萃取过的残留源岩，其形成与AFC过程有关。基于一系列地球化学图解的判别，结合区域构造演化，指出崂山花岗岩是胶北地体－胶南地体陆－陆碰撞剪切造山带构造发展演化至特定阶段的产物，钙碱性岩套形成于造山晚期压性或压性向张性转化的应力环境，而碱性花岗岩则形成千造山期后的剪切张性(transtension)构造环境．后者成为苏北－胶南地区燕山晚期造山作用结束的标志。     

水泉沟杂岩体的地质学和岩石学研究

水泉沟岩体为岩浆成因,岩体的侵位深度2~3km,侵位时代为印支期,划分为4种岩石组合.水泉沟岩体是一个钾质-高钾质的钙碱性、弱碱性和碱性岩石共存的杂岩体.岩石化学成分变异图解证明岩浆存在两种演化趋势,一是酸性演化趋势:辉石闪长岩→角闪二长岩(包括二长岩)→石英碱长正长岩→碱长花岗岩;二是碱性演化趋势:正长岩→霓辉正长岩→碱长正长岩.同时也探讨了这两种演化趋势的内在机理.     

四川南部古宋下二叠统的双切尾虫(三叶虫)

本文研究的双切尾虫Ditomopyge是一个新种,定名为四川双切尾虫Ditomopyge sichuanensis (sp.nov),标本产自四川南部古宋下二叠统铜矿溪组。该组过去很少发现三叶虫化石,故四川双切尾虫的发现,不仅对铜矿溪组的划分、对比提供了可靠的三叶虫化石依据,而且对研究双切尾虫的地质地理分布,提供了新的化石资料。     

A New Somphospondylan Sauropod (Dinosauria, Titanosauriformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province of Southern China

A new somphospondylan sauropod (Dinosauria, Titanosauriformes): Gannansaurus sinensis gen. et sp. nov. from the Late Cretaceous Nanxiong Formation of Ganzhou Basin, Jiangxi Province of southern China is erected based on one nearly complete dorsal vertebra and a mid-caudal vertebra. It is characterized by two centroprezygapophyseal lamina fossae; large, square-shaped concavity formed by centroprezygapophyseal lamina and dorsal margin of the centrum; large infraparapophyseal fossa; three openings present within the large lateral concavity, which occupy 65% length of the centrum; the posterior centroparapophyseal lamina (PCPL) and the anterior centroparapophyseal lamina (ACPL) weakly developed; the posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina (PCDL) separated by an infradiapophyseal fossa into two branches dorsally; parapophyseal and diapophyseal laminae cross to form "K" configuration. It shares some characters with the Early Cretaceous form-Euhelopus, indicating that it is more closely related to Euhelopus rather than to other titanosauriform sauropods. This means Gannansaurus may have a close phylogenetic relationship with Euhelopus.     

Geochemical characteristics and zircon U-Pb isotopic ages of island-arc basic igneous complexes from the Tianshui area in West Qinling

The Liushuigou intermediate-basic meta-igneous complex at Guanzizhen, Tianshui area, is mainly composed of metagabbro, metagabbro diorite and metadiorite, while the Baihua basic meta-igneous complex consists mainly of pyroxenite, gabbro (gabbro diorite), diorite and quartz diorite. They form a relatively complete comagmatic evolutionary series. The geochemical characteristics of intermediate-basic igneous rocks indicate that they belong to a tholeiite suite. Their chondrite-normalized REE patterns are nearly flat and are LREE-slightly enriched type, and their primitive mantle-normalized and MORB-normalized trace element spider-grams are generally similar; the LILEs Cs, Ba, Sr, Th and U are enriched, while Rb and K and the HFSEs Nb, P, Zr, Sm, Ti and Y are depleted. All these show comagmatic evolutionary and genetic characteristics. The tectonic environment discrimination by trace element reveals that these igneous complexes formed in an island-arc setting. The Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) single-grain zircon U-Pb age for the Liushuigou intermediate-basic meta-igneous rocks in the Guanzizhen area is (507.5±3.0) Ma, representing the age of these igneous complexes, which indicates that island-arc-type magmatite rocks in the northern zone of West Qinling are Late Cambrian and also reveals that the timing of subduction of the paleo-ocean basin represented by the Guanzizhen ophiolite and resulting island-arc-type magmatic activity are probably Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician. Translated from Geology in China, 2005, 32(4): 529–540 [译自: 中国地质]     

中国南方寒武纪岩相古地理

中国南方是指西至金沙江-元江断裂、西北至龙门山断裂、北至城口-房县-襄樊-广济断裂、东北至郯庐断裂、东至黄海和东海、南至南海的我国南方广大地区。在各露头剖面和钻井剖面地层学和岩石学研究所取得的各种定量及定性资料的基础上,采用单因素分析综合作用法,编制出了中国南方下寒武统下部和中部、下寒武统上部、中寒武统和上寒武统的各种单因素图以及相应的早寒武世早期和中期、早寒武世晚期、中寒武世和晚寒武世岩相古地理图。这些古地理图的最主要特征是定量,即每个古地理单元的划分和确定都有确切的定量的单因素图为依据。这种定量的岩相古地理图在中国南方寒武纪还是首次出现。中国南方寒武纪有7个主要的古地理单元,即滇西台地、康滇陆、扬子台地、斜坡、江南盆地、东南台地和华夏陆。滇西台地、康滇陆、扬子台地、斜坡和江南盆地属康滇古地理体系,东南台地和华夏陆属华夏古地理体系。这两个古地理体系拼合在一起,就构成了中国南方寒武纪的两陆、三台、一盆和一坡和古地理的基本格局。是寒武世早期和中期的岩相古地理特征与早寒武世晚期、中寒武世和晚寒武世岩相古地理特征有明显的不同。这是两个大不相同的演化阶段。这种定量的岩相古地理图在古地理学中是个重大的进展,对石油、天然气以及其他各种矿产的预测和勘探有重要的指导作用。     

Intra-platform tectono-sedimentary response to geodynamic transition along the margin of the Tarim Basin,NW China

The Tarim Basin has experienced three tectonic evolutionary phases from the Cambrian to Ordovician: (1) Regional extension from the late Neoproterozoic to Mid-Early Cambrian, (2) Relatively weak regional compression from the Late Cambrian to Mid-Early Ordovician, and (3) Regional compression during the Late Ordovician. Intra-platform tectonic and sedimentary characteristics indicate a clear linkage to the tectonic evolution of the basin margin during early Paleozoic time. During the Cambrian, small intra-platform rift-related depressions formed during an extensional setting. During the Mid-Early Ordovician, a transition from extension to compression caused formation of the Tazhong and Tabei paleo-uplifts and major unconformities T₇⁴ (base of the Late Ordovician). The evolving paleo-geomorphology led to differentiation of sedimentary facies, and numerous intra-platform shoals formed during deposition of the Early Ordovician Yingshan Formation. During the Late Ordovician, regional compression began, which changed the platform margin slopes into four slopes that surrounded the three isolated island uplifts of Tabei, Tazhong, and Tangnan in the Late Ordovician. Simultaneously, the basin margin dynamic conditions also changed the relative sea level and filling pattern of the basin. In the Early and Middle Cambrian, the Tarim Basin mainly developed a progradational ramp-type platform due to relative sea level fall. From the Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician the relative sea level began to rise, resulting in an aggradational—retrograding rimmed margins-type platform. In the Late Ordovician, along with a further rise in relative sea level, the basin mainly developed isolated platform.     

The Early Evolution of the Acanthomorphic Acritarchs in China and Their Biostratigraphical Implication

On the basis of a study of the acanthomorphic acritarchs discovered in the Late Proterozoicto Early Cambrian Meishucunian Stage in different regions of China, especially in southernShaanxi and the Yangtze Platform, coupled with a study of the assemblages, morphological cor-relation, microstructure, and evolutional relations of the acanthorphic acritarchs, as well as awide correlation with those found in different regions of the world, the authors discuss the earlyevolutionary stages of the acanthomorphs, features of their assemblages in various stages, theirbiostratigraphical significance, and their evolutionary trend in China.     

Late Vendian-Early Cambrian formations of the north-west Siberian Craton

The composition and structure of principal key-sections for the Tira (Late Vendian) and Danilovo (Late Vendian-Early Cambrian) Horizons were characterized on the basis of deep-drilling data and studies of natural outcrops along the peripheries of the Kureika syneclise. The typical sedimentary formations/associations were recognized, their vertical and lateral successions were distinguished, and their deposition environments were interpreted. A distribution pattern scheme of thicknesses and depositional environments of Upper Vendian-Lower Cambrian deposits was compiled at the 1: 1000000 scale. The reservoir characteristics of the formations are discussed and forecasted for poorly studied areas of the northwestern Siberian platform.     

Structural Attributes of Travertine-Filled Extensional Fissures in the Pamukkale Plateau,Western Turkey

Numerous active and inactive fissure-ridge travertines are located in the hanging wall of the Pamukkale range-front fault, a large normal fault bounding the northeast side of the Denizli Basin. A typical principal fissure-ridge comprises flanking bedded travertines dipping gently away from a nearly vertical, irregular central fissure, partially filled by vertically banded travertine. More complex ridges bear parasitic fissures and associated ridges on their flanks. Fissures roughly follow the long axes of ridge crests, some of them being divided into angular segments and others anastomosing. The traces of fissures are commonly parallel but some are oblique to one another. Fissures vary in width from a few millimeters to 5 m, and range in length from a few meters to a few kilometers.

The widths of central fissures are at a maximum near the midpoints of ridges, but decrease toward both ends, suggesting that they grew in length over time. Lateral fissure development involved the opening of both new and old cracks, some of which propagated into former process zones at crack tips. Fissures increase in width with depth either gradually or in a series of steps, depending on whether there was a uniform rate of fissure dilation during travertine deposition or episodic dilation during fracture propagation. The characteristic irregular morphology of fractures probably reflects extension-fracture propagation in differential stress fields that were weak as a consequence of location near the earth's surface. The fissures probably express a set of subsidiary extension fractures splaying from the Pamukkale range-front fault into its hanging wall.     

塔里木东部寒武纪-中奥陶世坡折带沉积特征及勘探潜力

地震剖面解释及沉积相研究证实塔里木东部轮东-古城地区、罗西地区寒武纪--中奥陶世沉积期发育两个近南北向展布的台地边缘相带。轮东--古城坡折带属缓坡型台地前缘坡折带,坡折带位置自寒武纪至中奥陶世逐渐向东迁移。罗西坡折带属台地边缘陡崖型坡折带,寒武纪--中奥陶世呈多期坡折垂向叠加特征。成藏条件分析表明:轮东--古城坡折带具有良好的寒武系古油藏及奥陶系原油裂解气的勘探前景,而罗西坡折带保存条件好的地区有望获得寒武系古油藏的勘探突破。     

模块面板式加筋土挡墙结构行为试验研究

为研究模块面板式土工格栅加筋土挡墙在墙顶局部荷载作用下的受力和变形状态,并了解其作用机制,通过室内模型试验,进行了包括墙面水平变形和墙顶竖向沉降以及墙体内垂直和水平土压力、附加应力扩散角、侧向土压力系数、土工格栅拉伸应变等分布规律的研究和分析。试验结果表明：墙面累积水平位移沿墙高呈上大下小分布;水平和垂直土压力沿筋长方向均呈从拉筋中部向两端逐渐减小的分布趋势;实测附加应力扩散角较非加筋土体大,基本在40°～75°之间;侧向土压力系数沿墙高的分布在不同断面有所不同;筋材应变沿筋长呈单峰值分布,峰值出现位置距墙脚的水平距离从高到低逐渐减小。