ANSYS在煤矿开采数值模拟中应用研究

以典型矿井山东华丰矿、阜新五龙矿和北京大台井为例,利用ANSYS有限元软件,对煤矿开采引起的地表沉陷、冲击地压危险区域确定和俯伪斜采煤法参数优化进行了数值模拟分析.分别针对所处的地质条件和赋煤状况,建立了二维或三维有限元模型,模拟计算了地表沉陷曲线和最大沉陷位置,指出山东华丰矿随开采推进沉陷位移和影响范围将逐渐扩大,最大沉陷位移逐步向开采方向前移的规律,当开采800 m时出现最大下沉速度3.5 mm/d,最大沉陷位移为3.7 m.五龙矿311面当开采100m和400 m时分别由于火成岩墙和应力集中区贯通导致顶板易断裂而极易发生冲击地压事故;大台井俯伪斜采煤法煤层倾角只有在60°～67° 时,推采距离才对煤层顶板法向最大压应力具有明显影响,且顶底板法向最大位移规律为上部位移大于中部位移,西中部位移又大于下部位移,在煤层倾角70°时,工作面超前支撑压力作用范围最小为30 m,而下巷道支撑压力作用范围最大为25 m,巷道数为3时,顶板下巷道超前支撑压力峰值位置为5.3 m.ANSYS计算结果表明,该数值模拟是合理的,与实际情况基本吻合,说明ANSYS在煤矿开采领域是一种有效的数值模拟工具.     

开采上保护层对巨厚砾岩诱发冲击矿压的减冲机制分析

为研究开采上保护层对巨厚砾岩断裂诱发冲击的防治作用,根据跃进煤矿25采区的地质条件和采掘条件,将25110工作面下巷作为研究对象,从理论上分析了动静载叠加诱发冲击矿压的机制以及开采上保护层后的防冲原理,数值模拟研究了未开采上保护时和开采上保护层后在同等强度的动载扰动应力的影响下巷道底板的位移、速度、应力以及塑性区的变化规律,进行相似模拟试验研究了人工震源的作用下未开采上保护时和开采上保护层后巷道底板的加速度和动应力响应规律。结果表明,上保护层开采后能够有效地释放围岩内部的高应力,且采空区顶板自然垮落,形成的软弱松散岩层结构,能够更好地起到对动载扰动应力波的衰减作用,从而降低了冲击矿压发生的可能,一定程度上能够较好地防治冲击矿压。研究成果对巨厚砾岩下冲击矿压的防治具有一定指导意义。     

开采上保护层对巨厚砾岩诱发冲击矿压的减冲机制分析EI北大核心CSCD

为研究开采上保护层对巨厚砾岩断裂诱发冲击的防治作用,根据跃进煤矿25采区的地质条件和采掘条件,将25110工作面下巷作为研究对象,从理论上分析了动静载叠加诱发冲击矿压的机制以及开采上保护层后的防冲原理,数值模拟研究了未开采上保护时和开采上保护层后在同等强度的动载扰动应力的影响下巷道底板的位移、速度、应力以及塑性区的变化规律,进行相似模拟试验研究了人工震源的作用下未开采上保护时和开采上保护层后巷道底板的加速度和动应力响应规律。结果表明,上保护层开采后能够有效地释放围岩内部的高应力,且采空区顶板自然垮落,形成的软弱松散岩层结构,能够更好地起到对动载扰动应力波的衰减作用,从而降低了冲击矿压发生的可能,一定程度上能够较好地防治冲击矿压。研究成果对巨厚砾岩下冲击矿压的防治具有一定指导意义。     

煤矿巷道底板冲击矿压发生的原因及控制研究

巷道底板水平应力是导致底板冲击矿压发生的主要因素,根据巷道底板冲击矿压的特点,建立了底板冲击矿压发生条件与影响因素的力学模型,初步确定了底板冲击矿压危险性系数的表达式。当底板岩层泊松比一定时,底板冲击矿压危险性系数与巷道埋深、巷道宽度的平方、水平构造应力、巨厚坚硬老顶影响系数成正比,与弹性模量、巷道底板软弱层厚度的平方成反比。通过数值模拟,发现巷道开挖后底板煤层的水平应力升高和垂直应力降低的规律,底板应力极易达到煤层破坏极限,在支护不当和外界扰动下容易发生底板冲击矿压。最后确定了底板强度弱化减冲原理,在跃进煤矿25110工作面下巷采取底板爆破卸压措施后取得了良好效果。研究成果为解决类似条件底板冲击矿压防治问题提供了理论依据和借鉴。     

煤矿冲击矿压机理、监测预警及防控技术研究

随开采深度不断增加, 煤矿冲击矿压灾害形势严峻, 冲击矿压机理、监测预警技术及防控技术的研究对于煤矿安全生产至关重要。论文系统总结了团队多年来研究成果及进展, 提出了动静载叠加诱冲机理, 基于动静载力源和能量主体划分了冲击矿压类型。提出了冲击危险"应力-震动-能量"三场耦合监测原理, 建立了冲击危险应力场-震动场-能量场三场多参量综合监测预警技术体系, 并构建了多参量带权重的时空预警模型, 基于大数据和云平台技术, 开发了冲击矿压风险智能判识与多参量监测预警云平台, 实现冲击危险监测数据与防治措施信息的融合, 提高了冲击危险监测预警效能, 提出了冲击危险强度弱化减冲原理和巷道围岩强弱强结构原理, 并给出了基于动静载的冲击矿压分类监测预警和防治方案。研究成果有力推动了冲击矿压研究进展, 可为深部冲击矿压防治提供重要指导。     

锚网(索)支护煤巷顶板离层临界值分析

顶板离层是开采过程中巷道矿压显现的主要表现形式之一。离层值的大小不仅和煤层赋存条件及开采技术条件等自然因素有关,而且和巷道的尺寸、支护方式以及支护强度等直接相关。在深入分析现场顶板离层监测手段和所存问题的基础上,对锚网巷道、锚网锚索联合支护巷道的顶板离层临界值进行了系统的分析。     

深部开采覆岩应力变化规律模拟实验研究

为了研究深部开采条件下覆岩结构运动所引发的动力破坏特征及巷道围岩中采动支承压力分布规律,以某矿20180工作面覆岩为研究对象,通过相似材料模拟实验,得出了深部开采条件下覆岩应力变化规律。结果表明:顶板垮落规律显著,初次来压步距较长,周期来压步距基本相似;开采过程中底板与顶板支撑压力是动态变化的,并具有同步性;随着顶板岩层高度的增加,应力集中系数逐渐减小。根据底板和顶板的应力变化规律,将底板和顶板划分为五个区域,为深部开采条件下工作面巷道超前支护,采空区瓦斯抽放及矿压控制提供可靠理论依据。     

浅埋采空区大采高条件下覆岩破坏规律

浅埋采空区下远距离煤层开采覆岩破坏直接影响本煤层工作面安全开采和上覆采空区稳定性。针对神东矿区大柳塔煤矿开采实际,采用相似模拟试验、数值计算和现场实测方法研究了2-2煤采空区下伏的5-2煤层开采覆岩运动及裂隙发育规律。研究结果表明,大柳塔煤矿5-2煤层一次采全高开采,覆岩裂隙带贯穿层间岩层导通2-2煤采空区,层间岩层的破断会诱发上覆岩层大面积垮落,工作面出现强烈的矿压显现,同时加剧了上覆采空区围岩结构失稳及地表沉陷。现场实测也表明大柳塔煤矿5-2煤层大采高开采覆岩破坏高度137. 32 m,裂采比20. 2,与模拟结果一致。这些成果可以为大柳塔矿5-2煤层工作面安全开采提供理论依据。     

基于微震监测技术的煤炭开采临断层区冲击矿压预测研究

煤炭开采临断层区冲击矿压的精准预测可有效增强矿区安全性.因此,提出基于微震监测技术的煤炭开采临断层区冲击矿压预测方法.假设煤炭矿区内煤岩材料的微元强度服从Weibull分布,构建冲击矿压非均质应变损伤软化本构模型以及煤炭开采临断层区冲击矿压的突变模型.利用开采区域内波速大小反演临断层区应力分布.将微震监测技术应用于冲击...     

北京房山大安山煤矿深部地应力数值模拟分析

地应力是煤矿开采等地下工程围岩变形与破坏的根本驱动力。为研究随煤矿开采深度的增加,地应力越来越大,井下应力环境发生变化,导致巷道大变形、冲击矿压、煤与瓦斯突出及突水等灾害的发生,与工程实测对比分析对某煤矿+400m水平的断层、褶皱地质构造应力场进行数值模拟研究,再现地应力的大小对开采活动的影响情况,充分了解应力场分布特征、煤岩体性质与结构特征,进行合理的、切合实际的围岩稳定性、围岩变形与破坏分析,为合理的支护设计与冲击地压的防治提供依据。模拟显示:(1)应力值大小分布的总体趋势是随深度的增加而逐渐增大,但在同一水平上应力值相差不大;(2)剪应力对断层的影响明显,剪应力值明显高于其余部分;(3)最大主应力大小分布的总体趋势是随深度的增加而逐渐增大,在煤层倾角变化比较大的区域出现应力升高区和应力降低区。与工程实际有很好的吻合。     

Research on the Evolution Law of Spatial Structure of Overlying Strata and Evaluation of Rock Burst Risks in Deep Well Strip Mining

Strip mining in mines is one of the main mining methods to control surface subsidence and protect the ecological environment. In recent years, strip mining has induced frequent rock burst accidents due to the increase in mining intensity and mining depth. Based on two typical deep strip mining accidents, the characteristics of the changes in spatial structure of the overlying strata caused by strip mining are studied, and the influencing factors of the occurrence of strip mining rock burst are analyzed. A support pressure calculation model is proposed, and estimated and verified in a mine after an analysis of the change law of the overlying strata structure in strip mining and research on the distribution and evolution law of support pressure. Based the above research, a risk evaluation model of the strip mining face is proposed based on the possibility index method, the 4203 working face of a mine is evaluated. Compared with the numerical simulation results, this method is well consistent with the theoretical calculation model. It can be seen that this method has strong practicability and is of great significance for studying the rock burst characteristics of coal seams in strip mining and evaluating the risk of rock burst of coal seams.

     

我国矿山地压安全控制技术的现状与发展趋势

深埋在地下的矿山巷道均受到矿山地压的作用,矿山巷道围岩变形、破坏导致巷道支护的变形、损坏或塌坍,影响矿山的建设和生产,甚至发生安全事故,造成极大的经济损失和人身伤亡。因此,矿山地压安全控制技术是有关部门极为关注的重大课题。本文对该课题的研究和工程实践的现状作了综合介绍和分析,对今后的发展提出了一些建议。     

Rough evaluation of the water-inflow discharge in abandoned mining tunnels using a simplified water balance model: the case of the Cogne iron mine (Aosta Valley, NW Italy)

One of the most complex hydrogeological problems in the design and maintenance of drainage systems in abandoned mining sites is quantifying the maximum water infiltration and, therefore, the amount that is potentially drainable by the tunnels. This problem is compounded when water-inflow data are limited or lacking. The aim of the study was to present a single but reliable model for making this evaluation; this model was applied to the case history of the abandoned Cogne iron ore mining complex (Western Alps, Aosta Valley Region, NW Italy). The study focused on quantifying the amount of water infiltrating into the mine drifts, using a water balance model in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. In the model, five different infiltration scenarios were calculated, including a detailed analysis of rainfall data, snow density and thickness (Snow Water Equivalent calculation), and melting periods. The maximum water discharge that could affect the mine tunnels was, therefore, determined under several scenarios of normal precipitation conditions and during heavy rainfall, including the case of the Cogne valley flood in October 2000, used as a reference for the limit conditions. Taking into account the various approximations considered, the results can be considered a good indication of the magnitude of the total amount of water that should be drained out through abandoned mine drifts and in the drainage network during implementation of final closure of the mine.     

Optimizing the design of a geothermal district heating and cooling system located at a flooded mine in Canada

Flooded underground mines are attractive for groundwater heat pump systems, as the voids created during mining operations enhance the subsurface permeability and storage capacity, which allows the extraction of significant volumes of groundwater without requiring extensive drilling. Heat exchange at a flooded mine is, however, difficult to predict because of the complex geometry of the underground network of tunnels. A case study is presented here to demonstrate that numerical simulations of groundwater flow and heat transfer can help assess production temperatures required to optimize the design of a heat pump system that uses mine water. A 3D numerical model was developed for the Gaspé Mines located in Murdochville, Canada, where a district heating and cooling system is being studied. The underground mining tunnels and shafts are represented in the model with 1D elements whose flow and heat transfer contributions are superimposed to those of the 3D porous medium. The numerical model is calibrated to simultaneously reproduce the groundwater rebound that occurred when the mine closed and the drawdown measured during a pumping test conducted in a former mining shaft. Predictive simulations over a period of 50 years are subsequently performed to minimize pumping rate and determine maximum heat extraction rate.     

带压开采煤层底板破坏深度理论分析及数值模拟——以陕西澄合矿区董家河煤矿5号煤层为例

随着煤矿开采深度的不断增加,带压开采已经成为深部矿井普遍应用的一种采煤方法,而带压水上采煤的关键问题之一是确定采动引起的底板破坏深度。针对董家河煤矿5号煤层开采引起的底板采动破坏深度开展相关研究,以该矿的507综采工作面开采为工程背景,采用理论分析和数值模拟相结合的办法,动态再现了整个底板岩层渐进破坏过程,并得出底板岩层的最大破坏深度为10~11 m,该结果与现场实测结果一致;同时给出了该矿底板岩层破坏深度与工作面斜长和埋深关系的经验公式。该结论为董家河煤矿带压开采工作面煤层底板突水预测与防治提供了科学依据。      

应用成煤构造理论 杨梅山矿找煤告捷

笔者应用历史－因果论的成煤构造理论，采用历史分析法和动力分析法相结合的方法，在构造复杂的杨梅山矿区找煤，使一对老矿山增了储量，延长了寿命，使一对已报废的矿井重见曙光。     

A Multi-method Approach for Estimating the Failure Depth of Coal Seam Floor in a Longwall Coal Mine in China

Determining the failure depth of coal seam floor is necessary for safe mining operations, especially when the coal seam is located above confined aquifers with high water pressure. Geomechanical, geophysical, and hydrogeological data collected during the longwall mining of the first working face of coal seam no. 16 in the Nantun coal mine, Shandong Province, China, were used to calculate the failure depth of the coal seam floor above the Ordovician limestone confined aquifer. The multiple method approach employed by this study made use of the plastic sliding theory, empirical formulas, water injection test, and numerical simulation. Multiple methods can compensate for and validate each other and also overcome the intrinsic limitations of any single method. The results showed that the most appropriate value of the failure depth of the coal seam floor in the mine was 14.6 m and this value proved useful for knowing the effective thickness of water pressure-resistant layer below the coal seam. The failure depth also proved to be an important parameter when preventing groundwater flow into the mine from the coal seam floor.     

重新集铁矿矿坑涌水量预测研究

针对重新集铁矿水文地质条件深入研究,对其进行相应概化,利用解析法以及数值法(分不同开采方案)进行矿坑涌水量预测,得出结论:解析法在矿坑涌水量中局限较大,在矿坑预测过程中更为推荐使用数值法,其预测结果与实际结果更为符合。从具体预测结果来看,最大矿坑涌水量均出现在首采阶段,而在全开采期矿坑涌水量总体变化不大。选择优先开采-160 m水平矿体和-300 m水平矿体两种不同的开采方案时,方案二的最大涌水量较小,有益于井下最大排水规模的控制,同时发现涌水量变幅也相对较平稳,有益于矿山水资源综合利用方案制定和矿山水环境治理方案的设计,建议矿床开采方案选择方案二。     

铜坑矿锌多金属矿体三维可视化模型构建

构建矿体三维可视化模型对指导资源优化开采具重要意义。利用3DMine软件对铜坑矿锌多金属矿体钻孔勘探数据进行整理和分析,构建了矿山地表地形、矿体赋存状态及井巷工程布置等三维可视化模型。     

吉林省道清矿北斜井南平峒煤层冲击地压危险性数值模拟

通化矿业(集团)公司道清煤矿地质构造复杂,且已经进入深部开采阶段,煤体采动所形成的矿压对安全生产造成较大威胁。为预测该矿北斜井南平峒煤层冲击地压危险性的程度,对其煤层进行冲击地压危险性数值模拟,分析了煤层在自重应力场和构造应力场下水平应力、垂直应力、XY剪切应力大小及分布规律,得出应力集中区出现在F3号逆掩断层与煤层交汇处,即此处冲击地压危险性程度相对较大,开采时应注意防范,确保矿井安全开采。