汶川地震灾区地灾评估结果形成

“5．12”汶川地震发生后,国土资源部紧急组织开展了四川、甘肃、陕西受灾地区的地质灾害综合评估。通过遥感调查和实地排查,共确定汶川地震灾区84个受灾县（市）的主要地质灾害点16644个,其中四川灾区存在重大安全隐患点218处。这些地质灾害点威胁大量居民地和水库、损毁公路和耕地林地、危害河道和桥梁等。评估成果将为国务院及有关部门和地方政府组织领导抗震救灾、     

“南水北调”西线工程地质灾害危害分析

“南水北调”西线工程区域工程地质条件复杂,活动断裂发育、新构造运动强烈、地震活动频繁,地质灾害的影响很大。本文具体分析了活动断层、地震、冻土及深埋长隧洞地质灾害对工程的危害。     

留坝县“5．12”地震引发的地质灾害调查及启示

根据对陕西省留坝县因汶川“5．12”地震引发的地质灾害的调查和分析以及与地震前调查结果的对比分析,研究了“5．12”地震引发的地质灾害的特点。留坝县“5．12”地震引发的地质灾害主要为崩塌,根据崩塌体母体所在位置,可将其划分为山巅型和山腰型,两者崩塌母体所处的地形有明显差别,运动距离、方式及危害也有明显的不同。作者结合留坝县地震引发地质灾害的实际情况,得到关于地质灾害调查、评价和防治等方而的一些启示,对地质灾害的研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

汶川地震区地质灾害成生规律研究

本项研究建立了2008年"5.12"汶川地震区62县域(面积约15×104km~2,地理精度1∶250 000,包括四川省48个县、甘肃省10个县和陕西省4个县)和中心区11县域(面积约3.1×104km~2,地理精度1∶50 000,包括四川省10个县、甘肃省1个县)的地质灾害信息系统。62县域地震前编录地质灾害4 913处,占总数的23.5%;地震直接引发10 173处,占总数的48.8%;地震后新发生5 779处,占总数的27.7%。11县域地震前编录地质灾害251处,占总数的3.5%;地震直接引发4 789处,占总数的66.7%;地震后新发生2 137处,占总数的29.8%。根据地质灾害区域发育度、潜势度、危险度、风险度和危害度等"五度"评价理论,分别研究了2008年"5.12"地震前历史积累、地震引发、地震后("5.12"地震后到2013年底)和前三者合计的现状等4个时段的地质灾害区域成生规律。根据地质灾害发育度指数计算结果,62县域地震前地质灾害高、中发育区面积占比11.5%,现状情况下相应的发育区面积占比增加到27.5%。11县域地震前地质灾害高、中发育区面积占比0.71%,现状情况下相应的发育区面积占比增加到11.82%,地震引发作用及其滞后效应是显著的。考虑地质灾害发育度指数、地形坡度、坡向、高程、地层岩组、水文地质、断层分布、地貌类型、地震烈度、年均降雨量、植被盖度、水系、交通线分布、地震作用、汛期降雨和日降雨等要素指标,分别计算出不同时段的地质灾害潜势度指数和不同引发条件下地质灾害危险度指数和风险度指数分布,并按极高、高、中、低4个等级分别评价和编制了相应的区划图。62县域地震前地质灾害高、中潜势区面积占比63.1%,现状情况下相应的面积占比增加到70.5%,地震作用造成地质环境条件显著恶化。11县域地震前地质灾害高、中潜势区面积占比1.21%,现状情况下相应的面积占比增加到18.94%,地质灾害易发区或敏感区面积大幅增加。62县域地震引发地质灾害高、中危险区面积占比为68.1%,汛期降雨引发者面积占比52.4%,单日降雨引发者面积占比26.9%,说明地震、汛期降雨和日降雨引发地质灾害强度是依次降低的。11县域地震引发地质灾害高、中危险区面积占比63.2%,汛期降雨引发者面积占比22%,单日降雨引发者面积占比14.3%,说明高烈度区地震引发地质灾害的作用远高于汛期降雨或单日降雨效应。62县域地震引发地质灾害从极高风险区面积占比11.57%到低风险区的40.57%,呈线性变化,反映了地震破坏相对均匀的衰减作用;汛期降雨和日降雨引发地质灾害高、中风险区面积占比分别为65%和67%。11县域地震引发地质灾害高、中风险区面积占比达62.5%,汛期降雨引发者面积占比为27.4%,日降雨引发者面积占比16.3%,且远离降雨中心急剧衰减,反映了降雨作用的不均匀性和灾害分布的相对丛集性。考虑伤亡人数、直接经济损失和受灾人数3个指标,计算出"5.12"地震引发的地质灾害在11县域造成的危害度指数分布是,汶川、北川、绵竹和青川四县的地质灾害危害度指数均大于10,茂县、都江堰的危害度指数在9~10之间,安县、什邡、彭州和平武的危害度指数在8~9之间,文县的危害度指数为6.68。研究结果可以为汶川地震区地质灾害防治规划编制、区域预警预报、应急指挥部署和土地合理利用等的公共管理决策提供科学依据。     

重大地质灾害防治理论与实践

本书由刘传正博士编著,由科学出版社正式出版发行。包括上下两篇。上篇提出了地质灾害防治工程的基本理论方法体系,包括地质灾害的基本概念和基本属性、地质灾害与地质环境变化、地质灾害的调查与勘查评价、监测预警、防治工程论证与设计、地质灾害的应急响应和防灾减灾公共管理等。在理论上提出了地质灾害区域评价研究的“发育度”、“潜势度”、“危险度”和“危害度”等新概念及其分析评价方法;把采矿工程活动引发的山体开裂、崩塌和滑坡等划分为顺倾（向）型、反倾（向）型和斜倾（向）型,并分别建立了其数学力学模型;     

四川汶川地震断裂活动和次生地质灾害浅析

为了揭示汶川地震断裂活动与次生地质灾害的关系,在对汶川地震重灾区进行快速调查的基础上,分析了影响汶川地震的龙门山断裂带震后的断裂活动、地表破裂与崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等次生地质灾害发育特征的关系。野外调查发现,龙门山3条断裂带的地表变形破坏（包括沿断裂带的道路、农田、建筑物和边坡变形破坏）特征具有明显的差异性和分段性,映秀-北川断裂地震活动最剧烈,南坝-关庄断裂、灌县-安县断裂、平武-青川断裂等活动性次之的“横向”差异性,以及龙门山断裂带由南向北地震活动性减弱的“纵向”分段性。地震断裂活动的差异性和分段性明显控制了崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等次生地质灾害的发育特征,即映秀-北川断裂区域的次生地质灾害规模大、分布密度大、危害严重,沿其余断裂的次生地质灾害危害相对较轻。     

浅谈地震灾区建设用地地质灾害危险性评估技术方法——以汶川县城为例

本文基于"5.12"特大强烈地震后汶川县城地质灾害发育特点,结合笔者在汶川县城开展建设用地地质灾害危险性评估工作的经验,分别从建设用地地质灾害危险性评估应分阶段实施、对致灾地质体调查评价及相应的防治措施等三个方面对地震灾区建设用地地质危险性评估技术方法进行探讨,以期对今后地震灾区建设用地地质灾害危险性评估工作的开展具有指导意义。     

地质灾害危险性现状评估技术在公路建设用地中的应用--以锦州疏港快速干道工程建设为例

依据“建设用地地质灾害危险性评估技术要求”选择积分法对工程建设用地进行地质灾害危险性现状评估,结果认为：评估区的地质环境条件复杂程度属简单—中等类型,评估区现状地质灾害有崩塌灾害—种类型7处,属危险性小的级别,对其危险性起决定性作用的因素有：地形条件、地层岩性、构造与地震和人为活动。     

地质灾害危险性评估工作发展现状及若干技术问题探讨

1引言 建设用地地质灾害危险性评估制度是国土资源部按照地质灾害防治工作要求为社会发展及经济建设服务的原则,采取的一项主动防灾措施。其核心内容是“在城市建设、地质灾害易发区内进行工程建设及其它有可能导致地质灾害发生的工程项目建设,在项目选址阶段必须进行地质灾害危险性评估”,评估结果由省级以上地矿行政主管部门认定,并作为建设项目用地审查报批的必备条件之一。我国从1999年底开始此项工作,经过近8年的推行,已取得了良好的地质灾害预防效果,明显地减少了工程建设诱发和遭受地质灾害危害的现象。     

浅谈地震灾区建设用地地质灾害危险性评估技术方法——以汶川县城为例

本文基于"5.12"特大强烈地震后汶川县城地质灾害发育特点,结合笔者在汶川县城开展建设用地地质灾害危险性评估工作的经验,分别从建设用地地质灾害危险性评估应分阶段实施、对致灾地质体调查评价及相应的防治措施等三个方面对地震灾区建设用地地质危险性评估技术方法进行探讨,以期对今后地震灾区建设用地地质灾害危险性评估工作的开展具有指导意义。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

Définition d'une limite multicritère ; stratigraphie du passage Campanien–Maastrichtien du site géologique de Tercis (Landes,SW France)Definition of a multi-criteria boundary; stratigraphy of the Campanian–Maastrichtian interval of the geological site at Tercis (Landes,SW France)

Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

NONMETALS DEPOSITS

正20141520 Bo Ying(Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment,MLR,Beijing 100037,China);Liu Chenglin Saline Spring Hydrochemical Characteristics and Indicators for Potassium Exploration in Southwestern and Northern Tarim Basin,Xinjiang(Acta Geoscientica Sinica,ISSN1006-3021,CN11-3474/P,34(5),2013,p.594-602,5 illus.,3 tables,28 refs.)     

MATHEMATICAL GEOLOGY

正20141243Chen Ge(Hangzhou Research Institute of Petroleum Geology,PetroChina,Hangzhou 310023,China);Si Chunsong Study on Sedimentary Numerical Simulation Method of Fan Delta Sand Body(Journal of Geology,     

PROSPECTING EXPLORATION

正20142599Chen Sanming(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Concealed Deposits Exploration,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin541004,China);He Yuzhou Block Model and Reserves Estimation of Panzhihua Iron Deposit Based on 3D Geological Modeling(Journal of Guilin University of Technology,ISSN1674-9057,CN45-1375/N,33(4),2013,p.610-615,9illus.,1table,15refs.)     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20140594 Bai Daoyuan(Hunan Institute of Geology Survey,Changsha 410016,China);Zhong Xiang Faults in the Jingzhou Basin and Their Tectonic Settings(Geotectonica et Metallogenia,ISSN1001-1552,CN44-1595/P,37(2),2013,p.173-183,6illus.,59refs.)Key words:basin evolution,tectonic setting,South China In the Upper Paleozoic and Jurassic se-     

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

正20141912Cao Hui(State Key Laboratory for Continental Tectonics and Dynamics,Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)Gravitational Collapse and Folding during Orogenesis:A Comparative Study of FIA Trends and Fold Axial Plane Traces(Geology in China,ISSN1000-3657,CN11-1167/P,40(6),2013,p.1818-1828,9illus.,35refs.,with