蓝致密星系谱的星族合成

利用星团谱样本的星族合成方法,分析了四个蓝致密星系（ＢｌｕｅＣｏｍｐａｃｔＧａｌａｘｉｅｓ,ＢＣＧ）的光学谱,给出了在各个ＢＣＧ中,年龄和金属丰度不同的星族对星系５８７ｎｍ处连续谱测量贡献的比率,同时还给出了ＢＣＧ内部恒星演化的历史和星系内部的红化值,通过对星系内部星族及光蝗分析,解决了ＢＣＧ研究中存在的这类星系年龄和其内部光学不可见物质等问题,结果表明ＢＣＧ是年老星系,其内部恒星形成过程为长时间     

蓝致密星系的星族合成

介绍了简单星族的定义和星族合成方法;简述了蓝致密星系的观测特征和研究意义;列出了我们利用北京天文台２ ．１６ ｍ 望远镜已成功观测蓝致密星系样本。在此基础上,我们运用恒星团星族合成方法,分析了一些蓝致密星系的光学谱。给出了它们中年龄和金属丰度不同的星族对星系５８７ｎｍ 处连续谱流量贡献的百分比;同时还给出星系内部恒星形成的历史和内红化值。     

蓝致密矮星系谱的星族合成

利用星团谱样本的星族合成方法,分析了７个ＢＣＤＧ的光学谱,研究蓝致密矮星系（ＢＣＤＧ）内部的恒星形成历史、能源机制和尘埃分布情况．星族合成结果不仅能够解释ＢＣＤＧ的主要观测特征,解决ＢＣＤＧ研究中存在的一些问题,而且揭示了ＢＣＤＧ的一些未知的特性．谱合成结果表明：ＢＣＤＧ是年老的天体,其内部较早已经有恒星形成发生,恒星形成呈爆发式的,在ｔ＝５×１０７～１０９ｙｒ时的恒星形成率较高,最近（ｔ＝１０７ｙｒ）的恒星形成率开始下降;光谱分析显示大量大质量的年轻恒星提供了ＢＣＤＧ中心区的主要能源．利用扣除恒星吸收影响的发射线光谱,计算了发射线产生区的内红化值,发现它明显大于由连续谱计算得到的内红化值,这种差异的可能解释是ＢＣＤＧ内部尘埃对连续谱和发射线的产生区遮挡程度不同．最后,比较了ＢＣＧ和ＢＣＤＧ星族合成结果,提出了矮星系间一种可能的演化序列．     

星系NGC5018的星族合成研究

利用星团谱样本的星族合成方法,研究了邻近巨椭圆星系NGC5018中的星族成分和其内部的恒星形成历史,给出了星系中不同年龄和金属丰度星族的成分占有比.星族合成结果表明,NGC5018中不仅存在大量金属丰度低的年老恒星成分,而且较年轻的星族成分(T=5×108yr)对星系光度贡献也很重要.星系吞并和相互作用过程可能是触发这些较年轻星族形成的物理原因,椭圆星系内部的恒星形成历史可能是2次爆发或者多次爆发过程.这些结果可以很好地解释NGC5018颜色偏蓝、Mg2谱指数强度偏弱等观测特征.     

星族合成方法及发射线星系核区中的恒星组分

论述星族合成方法对研究复合恒星体系的重要意义。综述了星族合成的三种基本方法，着重介绍了以星团光谱为样本的星族合成方法及其应用，最后，作为一个例子，我们利用ＣＳＰＳ方法给出发射线星系Ｍｒｋ４９９谱的合成结果。     

星族合成

以简单星族为例介绍了演化星族合成的算法，并总结了在演化星族合成中常用的恒星演化库，光谱库，初始质量函数和合成判据，最后简要讨论了目前星族合成中仍存在的问题。     

演化的星族合成方法

演化的星族合成方法是在给定恒星形成率和初始质量函数的前提下，利用理论的恒星演化轨迹和恒星光谱库得到的组合特征（光谱，光度），拟合星系、星团等恒星复合天体的观测特征，给出其中星族组成的一种有效方法。对演化的星族合成方法在天体物理研究中的重要意义及其原理和算法以及影响演化星族合成方法结果的最主要的四个输入量：恒星演化轨迹、恒星光谱库、初始质量函数和恒星形成率进行了评述。     

星暴星系：研究进展和热点问题

星暴星系是一类内部正在发生极为剧烈恒星形成的天体。介绍了星暴星系的研究历史及星暴星系的定义。综述了从射电波段到Ｘ射线波段星暴星系的光度光谱观察特征及其研究的最新进展。列出了星暴星系研究中存在的一些热点问题,包括星暴的触发机制,星暴时标,星族组分,恒星形成率,内红化以及星暴星系与活动星系核之间的关系等。最后,简述了可能有助于解决这些问题的观测手和理论方法。     

Compact Groups of Galaxies: Evolution of the Stellar Population

We present a study focusing on the nature of compact groups (CGs) through the study of their elliptical (E) galaxies. Parameters describing the internal dynamics and the stellar populations of the galaxies are compared with their counterparts in other environments. Our sample has24 bright E galaxies located in the core of Hickson CGs and 11 bright ‘bona fide’ Es, located in the field or very loose groups. Their spectra were obtained with the 2.1 m Telescope at KPNO and have a 4.1 Å resolution over the wavelength range 3500–7000 Å. We have found that, from the dynamical point of view, E galaxies in CGs are essentially similar to those in dense clusters. Moreover, the stellar populations of Es in CGs seem to be older and less metal rich than those in the field, behaviour which has also been observed by Rose et al. (1994).     

Spectroscopy of Blue Compact Galaxies

Blue Compact Galaxies (BCGs) are gas-rich systems undergoing very massive starburst events which involve the entire galaxy. We performed a spectroscopic study of 12 BCG in order to determine metallicities and helium content. Some objects show presence of broadened emission lines, probably due to internal motion of the interstellar medium, caused by intense stellar winds and supernova explosions.     

A Study of Binary Stellar Population Synthesis of Elliptical Galaxies

We determined the relative stellar ages and metallicities of about 80 elliptical galaxies in both low and high density environments using the latest binary stellar population (BSP) synthesis model and tested the predictions of a recent hierarchical formation model that adopted the new ACDM cosmology. The stellar ages and metallicities were estimated from two high-quality published spectra line indices, the Hβand [MgFe] indices. The results show that the stellar populations of elliptical galaxies are older than 3.9 Gyr and more metal rich than 0.02. Most of our results are in agreement with the model predictions: (1) elliptical galaxies in denser environment are redder and have older populations than field galaxies; (2) elliptical galaxies with more massive stellar components are redder and have older and more metal rich populations than less massive ones; (3) the most massive galaxies have the oldest and most metal rich stars. However, some of our results differ from the model predictions on the metallicity distributions of low- and high-density elliptical galaxies and the dependence on the distance to the cluster center.     

Chemical Evolution of Blue Compact Galaxies

Based on a sample of 72 Blue Compact Galaxies (BCGs) observed with the 2.16m telescope of the National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NAOC) and about 4000 strong emission line galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we analyzed their chemical evolution history using the revised chemical evolution model of Larsen et al. Our sample covers a much larger metallicity range (7.2 < 12 log(O/H) < 9.0). We found that, in order to reproduce the observed abundance pattern and gas fraction over the whole metallicity range, a relatively continuous star formation history is needed for high metallicity galaxies, while assuming a series of instantaneous bursts with long quiescent periods (some Gyrs) for low metallicity galaxies. Model calculations also show that only the closed-box model is capable of reproducing the observational data over the whole metallicity range. Models that consider the ordinary winds and/or inflow can only fit the observations in the low metallicity range, and a model with enriched wind cannot fit the data in the whole metallicity range. This implies that the current adopted simple wind and inflow models are not applicable to massive galaxies, where the underlying physics of galactic winds or inflow could be more complicated.     

Optical Multi-Band Analyses of Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies

We are currently analysing image data for a large sample of blue compact dwarf galaxies (BCDs), obtained in multiple optical broad- and narrow-band filters. We present preliminary results of a multi-band analysis of two typical BCDs, Mrk 5 and I Zw 123, for which surface-brightness profiles, colour profiles, colour maps and H_α equivalent-width maps have been derived. We demonstrate how a combination of these different processing methods allows a separate analysis of the young and old stellar populations with respect to their colours and spatial distributions. By comparing the derived colours with the predictions of evolutionary synthesis models, we estimate ages of the distinct stellar populations. The surface-brightness profiles of Mrk 5 show an exponential decay at large photometric radii, with slopes typically found for BCDs. In the case of the very compact object I Zw 123, the surface-brightness profile of the underlying stellar component can be described either by an exponential or an R ^1/4 law. We discuss briefly how noise effects can influence the intrinsic slope of surface brightness profiles at low surface-brightness levels. For compact objects with extended starbursts, the study of the underlying stellar population can thereby be rendered difficult. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

星族合成

以简单星族为例介绍了演化星族合成的算法 ,并总结了在演化星族合成中常用的恒星演化库 ,光谱库 ,初始质量函数和合成判据 ,最后简要讨论了目前星族合成中仍存在的问题。     

Stellar Population Analysis of Galaxies based on Genetic Algorithms

We present a new method for determining the age and relative contribution of different stellar populations in galaxies based on the genetic algorithm. We apply this method to the barred spiral galaxy NGC 3384, using CCD images in U, B, V, R and I bands. This analysis indicates that the galaxy NGC 3384 is mainly inhabited by old stellar population (age >109yr). Some problems were encountered when numerical simulations are used for determining the contribution of different stellar populations in the integrated color of a galaxy. The results show that the proposed genetic algorithm can search efficiently through the very large space of the possible ages.     

A Study of the Emission-Line Spectra and the Stellar Populations of Starburst Galaxies

Based on optical–NIR spectra, we discuss the nebular properties and stellar populations of starburst nuclei. Starbursts are found to have higher electron densities and higher excitations than HII nuclei. The emission lines have been used to estimate the nebular oxygen abundances, ionization parameter and radiation softness parameter. From a study of the H_α emission-line equivalent widths and the CaII triplet absorption line equivalent widths, we infer the ages and stellar content of the starburst regions. Most of the nuclei show evidence for a composite population – a young, ionizing population co-existing with evolved, non-ionizing stars of about 5–7 Myr, which are evolving towards the peak of RSG distribution. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

暗蓝星系计数与星暴矮星系族

本文采用演化星族综合方法，讨论了在低红移因短时间星暴过程而变亮的矮星系族。指出，它们的存在能够与目前暗星系计数和红移巡天结果相容，作为一个附加的星系族，它们较易演化为低面光度的星系而在邻域中探测不到，因此是解释暗星系计数和红移巡天结果的适当候选天体，值得对它们作进一步的研究。