安徽马鞍山高村采场矿坑地下水疏干预测

根据马鞍山高村铁矿露天采场矿区地质及水文地质特征,对矿区的基岩裂隙地下水系统进行概化。结合高村采矿场历史疏干资料和观测孔的地下水动态观测资料,建立了矿区地下水水流模型。然后按照露天采场的开采计划,论证矿坑地下水疏干对策,分别对2个开采规划期进行地下水疏干预测,为安全开采和经济有效地防治地下水提供设计依据。     

冀东铁矿田的开发对区域地下水环境的影响

冀东铁矿田赋存在太古界单塔子群白庙子组中,资源量（332＋333）为25亿 t,平均品位〉30%,是我国重要的铁矿基地。矿区位于滦河冲洪积扇中上部,矿体上覆第四系砂砾卵石含水层富水性强,水量丰富,属于大水矿床,矿床疏干排水困难,疏干排水将破坏地下水环境。本文在分析矿区水文地质条件的基础上,提出了具有密切水力联系的多层含水层系统的水文地质概念模型,并建立了刻画多层含水层系统的数值仿真模拟模型,基于预留隔水顶板井下充填法采矿,预测矿山开采地下水流场演变,评价了矿山开采对区域地下水环境的影响,提出了环境保护措施,对今后矿山开发过程中的地下水环境影响评价方法、地下水资源开发利用及环保管理决策具有重要意义。     

和尚桥露天铁矿地下水疏干方法研究

和尚桥铁矿是一个大型露天磁铁矿,由于矿区的特殊位置,建设生态矿山、最大限度地减少矿山生产对环境的扰动势在必行。矿山工业布局、独特的水文地质环境和安全生产需要,均给矿山地下水疏干提出新要求。根据该铁矿露天采矿场不同地段的地质、水文地质和工程地质条件,提出了地表和地下联合疏干的方法。利用所建立的地下水疏干预测模型,模拟该方案疏干矿坑地下水的可能,为矿山安全生产、地下水综合利用提供决策依据。     

广西平南某矿区岩溶地下水连通试验研究

广西平南某矿区在人工疏水过程中地下水位持续下降,形成以采区为降落漏斗、周边地下水向采区径流排泄的地下水流场。位于矿区东侧的秦川河成为危及矿区施工安全的最大隐患。为了查明矿区岩溶地下水径流途径、径流特征,进而了解矿区采矿排水的主要来源及周边地表河的影响,在矿区周围进行了地下水连通试验。试验结果表明:矿区岩溶含水介质渗透性差异较大,含水层各向异性明显;矿区北部、东南部存在连通性较好的地下水径流带,北部流速为0.3 ~ 20 m/h,东南部流速为3.72 ~ 98 m/h;矿区南部、西南部与周边地下水连通性较差,与矿区以南的浔江存在地下分水岭;矿区东部一采区矿坑排水主要来自东侧秦川河渗漏补给及北部地下水侧向径流补给,矿区西部二采区矿坑排水补给来源为北部地下水侧向径流及大气降水。因此,采矿疏水过程中应及时掌握秦川河水位变化情况,采取帷幕等有效手段对水害进行治理,以确保生产安全。      

基于数值模拟技术的地下水流场变化特征分析

矿山的开采大多需要进行疏干排水,而在疏干排水时持续的地下抽水势必导致区内含水层中地下水流场的变化,对周边地下水的开发利用造成影响。为了分析矿山开采中地下水流场的变化特征,本文通过对兴隆县某金、铁矿水文地质条件分析建立研究区地下水系统的数值模拟模型,并通过对已知地下水动态水位的拟合与检验,确定模型的可靠性,然后利用识别后的模型预测兴隆县某金、铁矿运行投产含水层水位的变化特征,探讨矿山开采对地下水系统的影响。     

瓮福磷矿英坪矿段北风井水文地质特征与突水防治措施探讨

瓮福磷矿英坪矿段北风竖井施工过程中因井内突水导致水量大增,水压增加无法继续掘进施工。为解决这一问题,通过对北风井附近地质构造、地层岩层含水性、节理及断裂构造含水及导水性、岩性渗透系数、含水层厚度等水文地质条件进行调查分析,得出北风井日涌水量为4566.15m³;采取在竖井附近施工两个大口径钻孔抽排水,亦在北风井附近形成一影响漏斗,对地下水静水压力、水位、补径排等进行干预,减少竖井内涌水量,保证施工能顺利进行。抽排水钻孔日排水量达3384.27m³,大大降低了地下水对竖井的影响。北风井疏干排水的成功事例,说明在矿区富水区深部工程施工时,利用大口径疏排钻孔能很好地解决突水危害,是矿山治理突水灾害最有效的方法之一。     

马坑铁矿疏干条件下地下水温度场特征及其指示意义

在矿区长期疏干条件下,不仅地下水流场发生了重大改变,地下水的温度场也发生了明显变化,仔细研究这种地下水的温度变化特征可以深化矿区水文地质条件及其变化的认识。在利用福建马坑铁矿长期监测的地下水温度数据的基础上,分析了疏干条件下地下水温度场的平面分布以及变化特征,探讨了影响地下水温度平面分布以及动态变化的因素。结果表明,矿区地下水的运动特征决定了矿区地下水温度的平面分布呈现西高东低的整体趋势,以及南侧南西高北东低,北侧北西高南东低的局部趋势,受地下水循环深度的影响,副井附近出现高温异常;由于矿区接受温度较低的补给水源逐渐增大,近几年来矿区地下水温呈现整体下降的趋势,且下降速率逐年增大,反映了矿区地下水的补给还在逐渐增加。     

复杂岩溶矿区疏干条件下的地下水数值模拟——以福建省马坑铁矿为例

由于岩溶含水介质的空间不连续性及空间异性,复杂岩溶矿区含水介质的概化及涌水量预测一直都是地下水数值模拟的难点。本文以马坑铁矿为例,对复杂岩溶矿区疏干条件下的介质概化进行了研究,以此构建了地下水流数值模拟模型,并利用地下水位动态及涌水量资料对模型进行识别和验证,然后分别对矿区未来+100m、0m开采水平的矿坑涌水量进行了预测,结果表明:+100m、0m开采水平的矿坑涌水量分别为36900m3/d、38250m3/d,可见目前矿区疏干仍面临较大压力,应尽快采取多种措施以降低地下水位,保证采矿安全。      

东刘家金矿矿区地下水动态与均衡分析

东刘家金矿矿区位于海阳市郭城镇,主要发育3组NE向断裂裂隙,含水岩组主要为第四系冲洪积、坡积孔隙含水岩组,碎屑岩类孔隙裂隙含水岩组,碳酸盐岩类岩溶裂隙含水岩组及基岩风化带裂隙含水岩组。文中在查清水文地质条件的情况下,详细分析了矿区含水层的富水性,地下水补给、径流、排泄及动态特征,矿区地下水开发利用现状。在此基础上,进行了地下水均衡计算,地下水补给来源主要为大气降水入渗和农灌入渗补给,补给方式为地表直接下渗补给、断裂带导水补给以及上覆松散层下渗补给,主要排泄方式为人工开采、矿坑涌水和蒸发,总体上矿区处于地下水均衡状态。研究成果为矿区在今后的开采过程中控制地下水,合理防治与排水,维持区域地下水自然动态等提供了科学的依据。。     

福建马坑矿区地下水化学成分的变化特征研究

地下水在含水层中运移,不断与其含水介质发生水岩作用,溶解介质中化学元素。在地下水运移过程中,地下水的化学成分与含量不断发生变化。影响矿区地下水化学成分的主要因素有含水层的岩石组合、矿物的溶解度、地下水的径流特点、混合作用及人为作用等。     

某矿第四系底部含水层降水井群优化布置

基于目标函数法,以控制点水位为首要约束条件,以总排水量最少为目标函数,对某煤矿6311工作面上部第四系底部含水层疏放水井群降水进行优化设计。以该矿区的突水溃砂安全水头作为控制点水位,对优化设计方案进行计算。采用优化设计,在达到同样水位要求的前提下,可以使总排水量比采用承压转无压完整井公式计算结果减少20%。优化设计计算结果给出单井出水量,对井点位置的安排与单井出水设备的选择具有指导意义。      

The calculation of mine water yield using the non-continuous flow theory

Large amounts of groundwater are discharged during underground mining operations. As a result, the drawdown of groundwater, known as aquifer dewatering, is common in mining areas. Because of variability in permeability between different media in mines, mine drainage occurs primarily as non-continuous flow. However, calculations of mine water yield are usually made based on the continuous flow theory, and therefore often produce erroneous results. This study predicts the water yield of a mine using the module MODFLOW and incorporating the non-continuous flow theory into the calculation. Using this method, the predicted water yield of a mine was approximately 50 % lower than that predicted using the continuous flow theory. The model also demonstrates that the rate of mine drainage varies over time; there is initially a decrease in the rate of drainage which gradually approaches a constant value. Double level flow occurs when there is non-continuous flow in continuous media, which can effectively minimize the influence of mine drainage on upper aquifers and relieve the conflict between groundwater supply and drainage in the mining area.     

Visual MODFLOW在煤矿建设地下水环境影响评价中的应用 ——以甘肃省灵台县安家庄煤矿为例

结合甘肃省灵台县安家庄煤矿地下水环境影响评价实例,建立了评价区水文地质概念模型,并基于Visual MODFLOW对评价区地下水进行了数值模拟计算和验证;预报了设计开采条件下研究区不同含水层的地下水水位。预报结果表明:矿坑排水使得煤层所在含水层出现疏干现象,并且疏干范围随着开采范围的增加而不断扩大;在煤矿开采作用下,随着模拟时间的延续,煤系层上覆白垩系洛河组—宜君组含水层地下水位降落漏斗的范围及地下水位下降幅度不断增大,但降落漏斗的范围基本上不超过采空区范围;煤矿开采对白垩系环河组含水层无影响,至矿区开采期结束,未引起含水层水位下降;对上部孔隙、裂隙潜水含水层也无影响,至矿区开采期结束未引起含水层水位下降。     

Groundwater dewatering optimization in the Shengli no. 1 open-pit coalmine, Inner Mongolia, China

Impacted by groundwater, faults, lithology, and other factors, the slope of the Shengli no. 1 open-pit coalmine has been in a state of instability. Among these factors, groundwater in the quaternary aquifer is considered primary. Thus, an optimum design for dewatering well pumping rates is presented in this paper. A two-dimensional groundwater simulation model is built to characterize the groundwater flow of the study area. A steady-state model was applied to the observed data (head and discharge) to verify and calibrate the groundwater model. The pilot point method, with a regularization option provided by parameter estimation, was used to identify the hydraulic conductivity field. Afterward, a groundwater optimization model is integrated with the calibrated simulation model to realize groundwater dewatering optimization in the studied open-pit coalmine, and an optimization method called modified Pareto dominance-based real-coded genetic algorithm is adopted. Taking into account the safety of the mine, slope and dewatering wells, seepage discharge is added to objective function and the maximum aquifer saturated thickness is set as the constraint condition in the optimization model. The results indicate that the dewatering optimization procedure developed in this paper can serve as a useful template and framework for solving mining related water problems.     

Numerical modeling of groundwater inflow from a confined aquifer into Sangan open pit mine,northeast Iran

Numerical models are useful in the evaluation of the interaction between groundwater systems and mining activities. They can be successfully used to predict the quantity of inflow into open pits and to design an appropriate dewatering system. In this paper, a two-dimensional axi-symmetric finite element model called SEEP/W has been used to predict the groundwater inflow into Sangan open pit mine (anomaly north C). The Sangan iron mine is located at 280 km south-east of Mashhad, Iran, in arid and warm climate conditions wherein precipitation is generally limited. The water inflow to the pit is mainly from a confined aquifer, mainly by horizontal flow in the upper layers and vertical flow at the pit bottom. The results of the numerical model of the ground water inflow are presented and compared with those obtained from Theis, Cooper-Jacob and Jacob-Lohman analytical solutions. Ground water inflow monitoring was also carried out in a trial excavation at the Sangan mine in order to calibrate the model. The model was then used to predict groundwater inflow into Sangan open pit mine during its advancement. This model provides valuable information for designing an appropriate dewatering system.     

废弃矿井地下水淹没过程的水流与水位数值模拟

定量分析和研究废弃矿井淹没过程的水流特征对于预测和防止废弃矿井地下水淹没过程中诱发的次生灾害具有重要意义。建立了废弃矿井淹没的多种介质水流数学模型,得出了淹没补给水量随时间、矿井内淹没水位和补给水源含水层水位之间的相关关系,建立了淹没补给水量与相关影响因素之间的函数关系式,完成了矿井淹没过程中涌水量实时计算的FEFLOW模块设计和开发。进行了近水平煤层开采后废弃矿井充水淹没水位回弹过程的数值模拟计算,得到了不同充水介质在充水淹没过程中的水流和水位回弹特征。结果显示,FEFLOW二次开发模块运算效果良好,具有实用价值。      

山东福山铜矿岩溶裂隙水充水矿井涌水量预测

福山铜矿位于山东省烟台市,围岩主要是大理岩,岩溶裂隙水为矿床直接充水水源。在分析研究区水文地质条件、岩溶发育特征和地下水流态的基础上,建立了地下水三维渗流模型,模型考虑了地下水在三个主渗流方向上的各向异性,将疏干巷道概化为排水沟,针对金属矿床开采水位降深大,边界流量随着降深的增大而增加,采用通用水头边界,随着降深的变化边界流入量依据水位值计算得到。利用群孔抽水试验资料和长期观测资料对模型进行识别和验证,最终对矿井疏干排水量和不同年份的正常涌水量进行预报,模拟结果为-80 m、-200 m、-300 m、-400 m和-450 m水平平水年正常涌水量分别为7 500 m3/d、14 060 m3/d、28 070 m3/d、37 200 m3/d和41 600 m3/d。从岩溶发育特征和地下水流动特征看,在这类岩溶地区建立地下水三维渗流模型是可行的。      

Prediction of groundwater inflow into copper mines of the Lubin Głogów Copper District

 The Lubin Głogów copper district (lgom) is in an area of copper mining, where ore is mined at a depth of 600–1200 m below surface. Mine dewatering directly influences W-1 limestone aquifer of Permian (Zechstein) age and indirectly impacts a Triassic sandstone aquifer as well as water-bearing sediments interbeded with the coals. The prediction of groundwater inflow into mines has been performed using methods of mathematical modelling. In succeeding steps of the approach, the scheme of the hydrogeological framework was changed starting from the one-layer model up to the four-layer model. The evolution of this hydrogeological schematization is presented in this paper. The latest scheme characterizes such levels of details that allows the following predictions: (1) expansion of depression in all aquifers is influenced by dewatering, (2) the widest extent of depression is in the southern direction, (3) groundwater inflow to the Lubin and Rudna mines will remain at the same level, while the inflow to the Polkowice mine will increase by 25%. Reliable prediction can be achieved by incorporating the entire recharge and drainage area characteristics of the aquifer influenced by mine dewatering into the model. Received: 7 March 1998 · Accepted: 7 December 1998     

Numerical modeling of water yield of mine in Yangzhuang Iron Mine,Anhui Province of China

This study develops a three-dimensional heterogeneous numerical model to simulate the water inrush process and predict the water yield for mineral exploration in Yangzhuang Iron Mine in Anhui Province. To identify the hydrogeological parameters of the aquifer in the study area, the model was calibrated and validated using the observed heads through the integrated trial-and-error and automated techniques. Also, the sensitivity analysis of the model was performed to evaluate the uncertainty associated with the calibrated model. According to the mine construction plan at different mining levels of -500 m, -600 m, and -700 m, the calibrated model was then applied to predict the water yields dependent on the different mining levels. As indicated by the prediction results, the numerical simulation model can systematically describe the groundwater system in the mining area and determine the source of water inrush in this iron mine. In conclusion, numerical analyses carried out in this study can provide guidance to decision-makers in balancing the iron ore mining and mine dewatering in the future.