秦岭群的东延及其意义

摘 要　 通过对信阳光山凉亭地区大别山北坡龟梅断裂带中呈透镜状零星分布的高级变质岩 块在岩石组合、温压环境、变形变质特点等方面与陕南豫西的秦岭群对比‚认为该高级变质 岩块群是秦岭群的东延部分‚从而得出在大别山区‚华北陆块与扬子陆块之间同样夹有秦岭 岛弧地体的结论。     

鲜水河断裂带中南段同位素年代学及其地质意义

鲜水河断裂带是青藏高原东部一条现今仍在活动的大型平移型剪切带,其形成可追溯至印支期扬子西缘在拉伸环境下形成的一系列陆缘裂谷。渐新世以来,伴随鲜水河断裂带大型左行平移剪切活动,导致地壳局部熔融和同构造花岗岩侵位。笔者对鲜水河断裂带中南段塔公-康定一线的折多山同构造花岗岩及其内部的韧性剪切带进行同位素年代学研究,分析认为鲜水河断裂带中南段在渐新世以来至少经历了三期构造-热事件,记录了三次强烈剪切作用,依次为32～27Ma、18～15Ma和5.5～3Ma。     

鲜水河断裂带中南段同位素年代学及其地质意义

鲜水河断裂带是青藏高原东部一条现今仍在活动的大型平移型剪切带,其形成可追溯至印支期扬子西缘在拉伸环境下形成的一系列陆缘裂谷。渐新世以来,伴随鲜水河断裂带大型左行平移剪切活动,导致地壳局部熔融和同构造花岗岩侵位。笔者对鲜水河断裂带中南段塔公-康定一线的折多山同构造花岗岩及其内部的韧性剪切带进行同位素年代学研究,分析认为鲜水河断裂带中南段在渐新世以来至少经历了三期构造-热事件,记录了三次强烈剪切作用,依次为32～27Ma、18～15Ma和5.5～3Ma。     

鲜水河断裂带中南段同位素年代学及其地质意义

鲜水河断裂带是青藏高原东部一条现今仍在活动的大型平移型剪切带,其形成可追溯至印支期扬子西缘在拉伸环境下形成的一系列陆缘裂谷。渐新世以来,伴随鲜水河断裂带大型左行平移剪切活动,导致地壳局部熔融和同构造花岗岩侵位。笔者对鲜水河断裂带中南段塔公-康定一线的折多山同构造花岗岩及其内部的韧性剪切带进行同位素年代学研究,分析认为鲜水河断裂带中南段在渐新世以来至少经历了三期构造-热事件,记录了三次强烈剪切作用,依次为32～27Ma、18～15Ma和5.5～3Ma。     

甘孜—理塘断裂带构造演化与金矿的关系

论述了川西甘孜－理塘断裂带构造演化与金矿床成矿作用的关系,总结了区内金矿化的特征和金矿床类型。研究表明,甘孜－理塘断裂带是由韧性剪切带、逆冲断裂带、断陷盆地带、推覆构造带、脆性破碎带和平移走滑带相互叠加、改造而形成的复杂断裂带。其演化历史主要经历了晚三叠世卡尼期－诺利早期的洋壳俯冲、晚三叠世诺利晚期－－瑞替期弧－陆碰撞、侏罗－白垩纪陆内会聚和喜马拉雅期断陷、推覆和平移剪切构造发育演化阶段。区内金矿     

大别造山带南界襄樊—广济断裂带的演化规律与构造意义

自中三叠世扬子与华北板块发生碰撞—深俯冲作用以来,大别造山带南界上的襄樊—广济断裂带主要经历过两次变形事件: 1)早期变形事件发生在中三叠世末—晚三叠世初的造山带折返阶段,表现为造山带南边界上的韧性剪切带。这期北西—南东走向的剪切带向南西陡倾,发育北西—南东向的矿物拉伸线理,主要为右行走滑的运动性质,属于造山带斜向折返的侧边界走滑剪切带。造山带折返过程中将前陆褶断带北缘原先东西向褶皱改造为北西—南东走向。2)晚期变形事件发生在晚侏罗世,表现为脆性逆冲断层,使得前陆褶断带向北东逆冲在造山带南缘之上,同时在前陆上形成了一系列的逆冲断层。该断裂带的晚期逆冲活动与郯庐断裂带左行平移同时发生,代表了滨太平洋构造活动的开始。     

桐柏造山带中龟山杂岩的白云母40Ar/39Ar年龄及其地质意义

出露于桐柏造山带松扒-龟梅断裂带南侧的龟山杂岩经历了两阶段变质及多期变形作用,但其变质变形时代及其与秦岭造山带中产于相同构造部位的武关杂岩的构造关系尚缺乏深入研究.为此,对取自于龟山杂岩中的4件变质沉积岩和2件变质火山岩样品中的白云母进行了40Ar/39Ar同位素定年.结果表明,白云母的40Ar/39Ar坪年龄从306.7±1.7 Ma（保存最好的白云母斑晶）延续到279.2±2.6 Ma（经历后期变形改造的白云母）.结合前期锆石U-Pb定年结果推测龟山杂岩的两阶段变质及主期逆冲推覆变形均发生在石炭纪,并在二叠纪遭受到左行走滑剪切作用的改造.龟山杂岩与武关杂岩具有类似的岩石组成和变质变形演化历史,二者共同构成一条>500 km的晚古生代中级变质带,是华北-华南陆块最终碰撞之前大洋俯冲-增生的产物.      

华北板块南缘石人山岩块晚古生代陆内变形特征及侧向挤出构造

华北板块南缘在古生代时期经历了复杂的陆内变形过程。石人山岩块边界断裂发育大量平行于断裂带的A型褶皱和近水平的矿物生长线理,表明其经历了以走滑剪切变形为主的构造阶段。动力学研究表明石人山岩块具有南西向逆冲的运动学特征,其南侧洛南—栾川断裂带（洛栾断裂带）以左行剪切变形为主,北东侧鲁山断裂带以北西向逆冲兼有右行剪切变形为特征,夹于其中的石人山岩块显示为向西、向上挤出的特征。选择典型岩石样品进行同位素测年来限定断裂活动的时代,其中,洛栾断裂带内同构造花岗岩脉的锆石U- Pb定年结果为413. 6±7. 4 Ma,鲁山断裂带内走滑剪切特征明显的构造透镜体内变形岩石的锆石定年结果为419. 3±11. 2 Ma。虽然洛栾断裂与鲁山断裂的运动方向不同,但是同位素年代学研究限定了两条断裂带发生走滑变形的时间都是晚古生代泥盆纪末期,从而共同构成了石人山岩块整体向西挤出的构造特征,同时也表明,相互碰撞的大陆在碰撞之后将很快转变为以平行造山带侧向挤出与走滑位移为主的陆内变形演化阶段。     

准噶尔盆地腹部两类走滑断裂带及其构造变形样式

走滑断裂带对中国西部压扭性叠合盆地大中型油气田形成与分布具有重要的控制作用,也是研究难点之一.基于高密度三维地震资料,本文采用多种地震构造解析技术,瞄准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系开展了精细走滑断裂带解释和变形样式分析.在燕山Ⅱ幕构造活动期,侏罗系发育了NWW向左行压扭性和NE向左行张扭性两类走滑断裂带.它们都是由4组剪切断层复合而成,共同遵从左行简单剪切模式,但几何学特征和构造属性差异很大.NWW和NE向走滑断裂带不存在共轭剪切关系,而是在钝夹角区（135°左右）普遍具有弧形联合与归并趋势.在构造变形中,两类同期左行走滑断裂带弧形联合控制了变形区域旋扭形变和剪切破裂,构成了一个大尺度“面”状旋扭构造体系.旋扭构造变形样式对中亚陆内造山带研究具有一定借鉴意义,也为压扭盆地的油气勘探实践提供了新思路.     

长乐——南澳断裂带中生代活动特征及大地构造属性

长乐-南澳断裂带出露于闽粤沿海地区,断裂带中变质变形花岗质岩石分属晚侏罗世早期、晚侏罗世晚期、早白垩世早期等3个时期.不同期次侵入岩的变质变形特征、糜棱叶理的切割关系及锆石微区(LA-ICPMS)U-Pb同位素测年数据等,表明断裂带在中生代发生了3期韧性剪切变形及相关的动力变质作用:第一期为晚侏罗世(155～145 Ma)低角闪岩相变质、深部构造层次长石相塑性变形;第二期为晚侏罗世末(145～137 Ma)高绿片岩相变质、中深层次长石-石英相塑性变形;第三期为早白垩世早期(约120 Ma)低绿片岩相变质、中-浅层次石英相韧-脆性变形.在3期变形中,断裂带运动特征不同:第一期为由北西西向南东东的右行-推覆韧性剪切变形,位移量约21 km;第二期为由北北西向南南东的左行-逆冲韧性剪切变形,其位移量估计达84 km;第三期为具正断层性质的右行走滑韧-脆性剪切变形(主剪切面倾向反转为倾向南东),位移量不足2 km.长乐-南澳断裂带是一条中生代的大型陆内韧性剪切带.     

济阳坳陷构造演化及其大地构造意义

济阳坳陷由负反转盆地、右旋扭张盆地及主动裂谷三个原型叠加而成,并在中、新生代经历了四个演化阶段,三叠纪为板内造山作用阶段,济阳坳陷曾为五条ＮＷ向的以逆冲断层为主的压性构造带占据,早－中侏罗世造山作用结束;晚侏罗世－早始新世为负反转盆地阶段,三叠纪ＮＷ向逆冲断层发生反向伸展;中始新世－渐新世为右旋扭张盆地阶段,ＮＥ,ＥＮＥ向扭张断裂发育,并进而成盆接受沉积,ＮＷ和断裂反向伸展活动受到抑制而渐趋消亡;中新世－全新世为主动裂谷阶段,“拗陷运动”取代“断陷运动”。济阳坳陷构造演化的阶段特征表明了郯庐断裂中、新生代的剪切运动史,即三叠纪右旋剪切,晚侏罗世－早始新世左旋剪切．中始新世－渐新世右旋剪切,中新世－全新世作弱右旋压剪。     

内蒙古塔木素地区NNE向韧性剪切带发现及变形时代分析

塔木素地区NNE向韧性剪切带位于塔里木板块东缘与华北板块西北缘板块碰撞拼接边界,呈NNE向展布,长约9 km,宽150～2 500 m。褶皱的糜棱面理、拉伸线理、旋转残斑、书斜构造、"云母鱼"等构造均指示其为右行逆冲走滑剪切。形成温度为300℃～500℃,围压为250～400 MPa,变形变质作用相当于绿片岩相,差应力(σ)为93.7～116.5 MPa。应变速率(ε)为10-17 s-1(300℃)和10-13 s-1(500℃)。主体变形时间在(256.0±1.3)Ma之后,三叠纪之前,为华力西(海西)运动末期产物。     

Middle to late Triassic mélange exhumation along a pre-Andean transpressional fault system: coastal Chile (26°–42° S)

Mélanges occur as discontinuous, mappable, units along an extensive N–S-trending, steeply dipping zone of distributed shear in metamorphic complexes along the coast of central Chile. Large mélange zones, from north to south, near Chañaral, Los Vilos, Pichilemu, and Chiloé Island, contain variations in lithologic and structural detail, but are consistent in exhibiting cross-cutting fabric features indicating a progressive transition from earlier ductile to more brittle deformation. In the Infiernillo mélange near Pichilemu, Permian to Early Triassic, sub-horizontal schistosity planes of the Western Series schist are disrupted, incorporated into, and uplifted along high-angle, N–S- to NNE–SSW-trending brittle–ductile shears. Mylonitic and cataclastic zones within the mélange matrix indicate active lateral shear during cumulative exhumation from depths exceeding 12 km in some areas. Exotic lithologies, such as Carboniferous mafic amphibolite and blueschist, formed during earlier Gondwanide subduction, match well with similar rocks in the Bahia Mansa to Los Pabilos region 750 km to the south, suggesting possible dextral offset. The development of the Middle to Late Triassic, N–S=trending, near-vertical shear zones formed weaknesses in the crust facilitating later fault localization, gravitational collapse, and subduction erosion along the continental margin. The length and linearity of this zone of lateral movement, coincident with a general hiatus of regional arc magmatism during the Middle to Late Triassic, is consistent with large-scale dextral transpression, or possible transform movement, during highly oblique NNE–SSW convergence along the pre-Andean (Gondwana) margin. The resultant margin parallel N–S-trending shear planes may be exploited by seismically active faults along the present coastal area of Chile. The palaeo-tectonic setting during the transitional period between earlier Gondwanide (Devonian to Permian) and later Andean (Late Jurassic to present) subduction may have had some similarity to the presently active San Andreas transform system of California.     

柴达木盆地东缘早古生代弯山构造

位于中国中央造山带内部的柴达木盆地周缘出露有代表原特提斯洋盆的蛇绿岩带、指示大洋俯冲与大陆深俯冲的高压-超高压变质带以及不同性质的早古生代花岗岩带。根据这些构造单元的空间展布形态及其综合地质年龄分布,表现为一条环绕柴达木盆地东缘的连续而弯曲的加里东期造山带。造山带内发育一系列右行走滑断裂和韧性剪切带,与古地磁资料所揭示的柴达木地块在早古生代的相对逆时针旋转息息相关。本文提出,柴达木盆地周缘造山带为一弯山构造。它是在原特提斯洋向南斜向俯冲闭合过程中,诱发的大型走滑断裂和柴达木地块逆时针旋转牵引造山带发生弯曲所致。     

辽河盆地是两期构造应力作用的产物:来自构造物理模拟实验的新认识

辽河盆地营口-佟二堡断裂带形成和演化的新构造物理模拟实验结果和地质资料分析证明,营口-佟二堡断裂带成因机制归因于早期大陆裂谷演化阶段的地幔上涌派生拉张应力和后期右行走滑构造运动引起的右行剪应力的复合作用。大陆裂谷的演化受古近纪古新世房身泡期至始新世沙河街一期(Ef-Es1,大约63.0~37.0Ma.BP)地幔上涌派生拉张应力的驱动,右行走滑构造运动发生在古近纪渐新世东营期(Ed,大约36.9-24.5Ma.BP),两期构造运动导致了辽河盆地营口-佟二堡复杂断裂体系的形成和演化。裂谷演化阶段后的右行走滑构造运动使得早期断裂再活动并形成新的断裂。基于构造物理模拟实验结果和地质资料分析,辽河盆地古近纪渐新世东营期右行走滑构造运动引起的水平位移大约为4~8km,辽河盆地营口-佟二堡断裂带不仅受到早期拉张应力的强烈控制,而且还受到后期右行走滑构造运动的影响,由此认为,两期构造运动决定了现今所勘探到的复杂含油气构造体系的展布,并导致了该区油气的运移和聚集。     

Triassic high-strain shear zones in Hainan Island (South China) and their implications on the amalgamation of the Indochina and South China Blocks: Kinematic and Ar/Ar geochronological constraints

A kinematic and geochronological study has been carried out on the Triassic high-strain shear zones in Hainan Island, the southern South China Block. There are WNW- and NE-trending high-strain shear zones with greenschist- to amphibolite-facies metamorphism in this island. Kinematic indicators suggest a dextral top-to-the-NNE thrust shearing for the WNW-trending high-strain shear zones and a sinistral top-to-the-SE thrust shearing for the NE-trending shear zones. The quartz c-axis orientations of mylonitic rocks exhibit the domination of basal slip and some activation of a rhombohedra gliding system. The timing of shearing for these shear zones has been constrained by the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating analyses of synkinematic minerals. Middle Triassic (242–250 Ma) and late Triassic–early Jurassic (190–230 Ma) have been identified for the WNW- and NE-trending shear zones, respectively. A synthesis of these kinematic and thermogeochronological data points to a two-stage tectonic model for Hainan Island, that is, top-to-the-NNE oblique thrusting at 240–250 Ma followed by top-to-the-SE oblique thrusting at 190–230 Ma. In combination with the available data from the southern South China and Indochina Blocks, it is inferred that South Hainan and North Hainan have affinity to the Indochina and South China Blocks, respectively. The tectonic boundary between South Hainan and North Hainan lies roughly along the WNW-trending Changjiang–Qionghai tectonic zone probably linking to the Song Ma and Ailaoshan zones. The middle Triassic structural pattern of Hainan Island is spatially and temporally compatible with those of the South China and Indochina Blocks, and thus might be a derivation from the amalgamation of the Indochina with South China Blocks in response to the closure of the Paleotethys Ocean and subsequent subduction/collision.     

Extrusion tectonics inferred from fabric study of the Guanzizhen ophiolitic mélange belt in the West Qinling orogen,Central China

The recently identified Guanzizhen ophiolitic mélange belt (GOMB) in the West Qinling orogen is regarded, by many geochemical and geochronological works, as the westward extension of the Shangdan belt in the East Qinling that separated the North and South China blocks. The GOMB trends generally NW–SE and comprises ophiolites and forearc volcanic–sedimentary complex (the Liziyuan Group). Ductile shear zones with various widths are a striking structural feature of the GOMB and studying them could contribute to a better understanding of the tectonic processes of the collisional orogeny in this area. Here we characterize the deformation style of these shear zones by combining the low-field anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) data, microstructural and field observations. The new dataset demonstrates that the deformation of these ductile shear zones is dominated by dextral transpressional shearing under low amphibolite grade condition. Combining the dextral transpression of the GOMB and the coeval sinistral transpression of the Shangdan belt in the East Qinling, we propose a Late Triassic bilateral extrusion tectonics of the Qinling orogen in response to the collision between the Ordos and Sichuan blocks.     

Geometrical analysis of mesoscopic shear zones in the crystalline rocks of MCT zone of Garhwal Higher Himalaya

The crystalline rocks of the MCT Zone of Garhwal Higher Himalaya exhibit well-preserved mesoscopic shear zones. Majority of these shear zones are of ductile and brittle ductile type with both sinistral and dextral sense of movement. Detailed analysis of mesoscopic shear zones reveals that sinistral shear zones exhibit a strike variation from NNE to ENE and dextral shear zones exhibit variation from NNW to WNW directions thus forming a conjugate pair. The bisectors of statistically preferred orientations of the two sets of the shears indicate that they generated due to NNE–SSW horizontal compression. These dextral and sinistral shear zones exhibit strike–slip geometry developed during progressive ductile shearing.     

Evidence and dynamics for the change of strike-slip direction of the Changle–Nanao ductile shear zone, southeastern China

The Changle–Nanao ductile shear zone was developed from a suture zone. The evidence from the ductile fabrics and mylonitic microstructures indicates that the strike-slip was sinistral during pre-collision. It became dominantly dextral in the syn-collision stage in late Early Cretaceous. The dextral strike-slip movement continued in the post-collision stage with extension as the dominant process. The strike-slip movement of the zone was strictly controlled by dynamics of collision between the Fujian (Min)–Taiwan (Tai) microcontinent and the Fujian (Min)–Zhejiang (Zhe) Mesozoic volcanic arc during the time interval of 100–120 Ma. The Min–Tai microcontinent in which the ductile shear zone developed might have been located originally to the south of its present position. The northward migration of the microcontinent had contributed to a few hundred kilometers of drift rather than a shear displacement. The real shear displacement is small due to the change of strike-slip direction from sinistral to dextral.