交叉偏振滤波技术提高飞秒超强激光信噪比的研究

对交叉偏振波滤波技术理论分析的基础上,在"极光-III"装置中采用该技术进行了钛宝石飞秒放大激光脉冲对比度提高的实验研究,不仅显著的抑制了纳秒范围内再生放大器产生的预脉冲,而且也将皮秒范围内的信噪比由10^-5提高到了10^-7,实验测得基波到交叉偏振波的转化效率大于10%.研究表明,该技术可以有效地提高飞秒超强激光的信噪比.     

Cr4+ :Ca2 GeO4激光晶体生长及结构表征

采用助熔剂法,以CaCl₂为助熔剂,生长Cr⁴⁺ :Ca₂GeO₄新型近红外可调谐激光晶体.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、激光Raman光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等方法对晶体进行结构表征.结果表明,得到的晶体为单斜晶系镁橄榄石结构的低温γ-Cr⁴⁺ :Ca₂GeO₄单晶,晶格参数为a=5.3209 (1 =0.1 nm)     

2012年南海西北陆架冬季水文特征的观测分析

本文基于2012年12月南海西北部陆架海区的温盐和流速实测资料,分析了粤西和琼东陆架海区冬季三维温、盐结构和流场特征,给出沿陆架和跨陆架方向的水体和热盐通量。结果表明：（1）在50m以浅,粤西和琼东海区温度均由近岸向外海递增,深层则相反;冬季近岸海区混合层较深,外海密度跃层位于60—120m深度且层结较强,浮力频率大于10^–2/s;（2）海流大致沿等深线向西南流动,30m以深流速大小在0.03—0.40m/s之间,且随着深度增加而略有减小;琼东海区100m等深线附近在60m以浅水层观测到水体辐聚并有明显温度锋面存在;（3）沿陆架方向的水体和热盐输送均大于跨陆架方向,其中粤西单位面积沿/跨陆架水体通量平均值为0.13×10^–6/0.03×10^–6Sv/m²,低于琼东海区的0.91×10^–6/0.56×10^–6Sv/m²。     

3月龄脉红螺表型性状对体质量影响效应分析

随机抽取3月龄脉红螺稚螺103粒,开展其表型性状对体质量性状影响分析,以期为脉红螺人工选择育种提供较好的测度指标。实验测量了脉红螺壳长（X₁）、壳宽（X₂）、壳厚（X₃）、壳口长（X₄）、壳口宽（X₅）等5种表型性状和体质量性状（Y）,运用相关性分析、多元回归分析、通径分析及决定系数分析等方法分析了表型性状对体质量性状的影响。结果表明,脉红螺各性状间的相关性均达到极显著水平（P<0.01）,拟合的多元线性方程为Y=-18.484 4+0.348 35X₁+0.463 79X₂,经自助法检验,在95%置信区间条件下,该方程决定系数（R²）范围为0.863 5~0.939 4,拟合度较好;壳长和壳宽对体质量的决定系数之和大于0.85,是最适宜用来预测体质量性状的两个表型性状指标。本研究成功分析出对脉红螺体质量直接影响作用最强的表型性状,为脉红螺选择育种理想测度指标的挑选提供了依据。     

样品温度对CF+3 与Si表面相互作用影响的分子动力学模拟

利用分子动力学模拟方法研究了不同温度下CF_x层对CF⁺₃刻蚀Si表面过程的影响.由模拟数据可知,温度对C和F的沉积有显著的影响;通过提高样品的温度,物理刻蚀得到了加强,而化学刻蚀被减弱.同时,随着温度的升高,Si的刻蚀率相应增加.刻蚀产物中的SiF,SiF₂的量随温度的增加而增加,SiF₃的量与基体温度没有直接的关系.Si刻蚀率的增加主要是通过提高SiF,SiF_{2相似文献}   

退火对B掺杂纳米金刚石薄膜微结构和电化学性能的影响

采用热丝化学气相沉积法制备B掺杂纳米金刚石薄膜,并对薄膜进行真空退火处理,系统研究了不同退火温度对B掺杂纳米金刚石薄膜的微结构和电化学性能的影响.结果表明,当退火温度升高到800 ℃后,薄膜的Raman谱图中由未退火时在1157,1346,1470,1555 cm^-1处的4个峰转变为只有D峰和G峰,说明晶界上的氢大量解吸附量减少;并且D峰和G峰的积分强度比I_D/I_G值变为最小,即sp²相团簇     

数值模拟飞秒激光加热金属的热电子发射

研究了超短超强激光脉冲与薄膜靶相互作用中产生的电子热发射.当超短激光脉冲与薄膜靶相互作用时,首先入射超短脉冲激光对吸收深度内的自由电子进行热激发;接下来热激发电子将能量传递到附近的晶格,再通过电子和晶格二体系的热传导,以及电子晶格间的热耦合,将能量传递到材料的内部.因此,电子在皮秒级甚至更短的时间内不能与晶格进行能量耦合,使电子温度超出晶格温度很多,电子热发射就变得非常明显了.用双温方程联合Richardson-Dushman方程的方法对飞秒脉冲激光照射金属靶的电子热发射进行了研究,结果发现电子热发射对飞     

Nd3+ :Gd3 Sc2 Al3 O12 晶场能级及拟合

Nd³⁺ :GSAG是性能优良的942 nm激光晶体.用提拉法成功生长Nd³⁺ :GSAG单晶,研究其室温透射光谱,辨认位置高达29967 cm^-1的68个Nd³⁺晶场能级.对这些能级拟合了自由离子及晶场Hamilton参量,拟合标准偏差为16.7 cm^-1,表明实验与计算能级符合很好.获得的Hamilton参量可用于计算Nd³⁺ :GSAG中Nd³⁺的     

非稳腔主动式直接获取纳秒近似无衍射贝塞尔绿光

通过对基于轴棱锥的贝塞尔谐振腔和贝塞尔-高斯谐振腔的研究,设计了一台腔内倍频Nd:YAG纳秒近似无衍射贝塞尔绿光激光器. 非稳激光器谐振腔由轴棱锥和凸面镜组成. 实验采用单灯脉冲抽运激光增益介质Nd:YAG晶体,倍频晶体选用KTP. 当抽运电压为350 V时,由主动式直接产生纳秒近似零阶贝塞尔绿光,其脉冲宽度为55.1 ns,波长为532 nm,线宽为0.8 nm,近似无衍射零阶贝塞尔绿光的中心光斑直径为192 μm. 利用Fresnel-Kirchhoff 衍射积分和Fox-Li迭代法,通过数值计算得出     

钪原子的自电离里德伯能级3d4s(1 D2)nf2 D3/2,3d4s(1 D2)nf2 F5/2和3d4s(1 D2)np2 D3/2的理论研究

在多通道量子亏损理论框架下,利用相对论多通道理论,分别在冻结实近似和考虑偶极极化下计算钪原子的J^π=(3/2)^-,(5/2)^-的三个收敛于 3d4s(¹D₂)的自电离里德伯系列的能级.对3d4s(¹D₂)np²D_3/2和3d4s(¹     

去眼柄对凡纳滨对虾稚虾蜕皮和生长的影响

研究了去眼柄对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)稚虾蜕皮和生长的影响.实验在水族箱内进行,实验对虾的初始体重约为2.26g,投喂的饲料为人工配合饲料,实验持续40d.实验结果如下:1.在本实验条件下,去眼柄显著加快了凡纳滨对虾稚虾的蜕皮,蜕皮周期由原来的14.6d缩短到11.4d(P<0.05);2.在本实验条件下,去眼柄凡纳滨对虾稚虾的摄食率(FId)和食物转化效率(FCEd)分别比正常组低7.91%和6.23%,特定生长率(SGRd)比正常组低14.74%,但经检验差异均未达到显著水平(P>0.05);3.在本实验条件下,去眼柄对虾用在蜕皮的能量比正常组高54.39%,经检验差异达到显著水平(P<0.05),而其他各部分能量比例差异不显著(P>0.05).实验结果表明:在本实验条件下,去眼柄缩短了对虾的蜕皮周期,但对对虾的生长并未产生显著的影响(P>0.05).     

对金属激光烧蚀时空气中产生冲击波的研究

运用 He- Ne激光束偏转技术研究金属表面被脉冲 Nd:YAG激光烧蚀时在空气中所产生的冲击波。给出了冲击波前锋的传播轨迹。研究表明 :在近距离处 ,冲击波的传播轨迹接近于强爆炸波轨迹 ;冲击波波速明显大于空气中声速 ;随着传播距离增大 ,冲击波波速逐渐趋近于声速。     

ICP-MS及其联用技术在海洋地质研究中的应用前景

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP—MS)具有灵敏度高、检出限低、选择性好、线性范围宽、能进行多元素和同位素比测定等优点,广泛应用于环境、地质、医药、食品和高纯物质等领域。ICP—MS与其他进样及分析技术的联用,大大地扩展了其应用范围。重点介绍了ICP—MS与激光烧蚀(LA)、高效液相色谱(HPLC)及气相色谱(GC)的联用技术,探讨了它们在海洋地质研究中的应用前景。     

去眼柄对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)稚虾耗氧率昼夜节律的影响

采用流水装置测定去眼柄对凡纳滨对虾稚虾 (Litopenaeusvannamei)耗氧率昼夜节律的影响。实验水温为 2 5℃± 0 .5℃ ,实验虾规格为 (2 .2 6 6± 0 .0 13) g。实验结果表明 :1、去眼柄对凡纳滨对虾稚虾耗氧率的高峰和低峰发生的时间产生影响。正常组对虾耗氧率的高峰多发生在夜间 ,低峰多发生在日间 ;去眼柄后 ,对虾耗氧率的高峰和低峰则大都发生在日间 ;2、去眼柄对虾的日间和夜间的平均耗氧率差异不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而正常对虾夜间平均耗氧率显著高于日间 34.79% (P <0 .0 5 ) ;3、去眼柄对对虾的平均耗氧率未产生显著的影响(P >0 .0 5 )。     

太平洋凸缘微玻璃陨石的研究

于1985年,一颗独特的凸缘微玻璃陨石被发现于采自北太平洋(9°33′N,167°00′W;水深4928m)深海沉积物中。使用各种分析方法对它的显微特征、微结构和化学成分进行了研究。结果表明,太平洋凸缘微玻璃陨石的形态和结构与达尔文的凸缘澳大利亚石(或玻璃陨石)和查普曼的人造凸缘玻璃陨石相似,从而揭示了玻璃陨石和微玻璃陨石的凸缘结构是由空气动力消融作用的产物。这一研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Barium variation in Pagrus auratus (Sparidae) otoliths: A potential indicator of migration between an embayment and ocean waters in south-eastern Australia

Chronological variation in otolith chemistry can be used to reconstruct migration histories of fish. The use of otolith chemistry to study migration, however, requires knowledge of relationships between the chemical properties of the water and elemental incorporation into otoliths, and how water chemistry varies in space and time. We explored the potential for otolith chemistry of snapper, Pagrus auratus, to provide information on movement history between a large semi-enclosed bay, Port Phillip, and coastal waters in south-eastern Australia. Comparisons of water chemistry across two years demonstrated that ambient barium (Ba) levels in Port Phillip Bay were approximately double those in coastal waters (11 μg L⁻¹ versus 6 μg L⁻¹). Ba levels in otolith margins of wild juvenile snapper were highly positively correlated with ambient levels across 17 sampling locations, and levels in otolith margins of adult snapper collected from Port Phillip Bay were approximately double those of snapper collected in coastal waters. Mean partition coefficients for Ba (D_Ba) were similar for juvenile (0.43) and adult (0.46) otoliths, suggesting that otolith Ba incorporation relative to ambient levels was similar across life-stages. Low Ba variation across otoliths from adult snapper maintained in tanks for three years indicated that annual temperature and/or growth cycles did not strongly influence otolith Ba variation. We concluded that chronological Ba variation in snapper otoliths would be a reliable proxy for life-history exposure to variable ambient Ba. We used water chemistry data and Ba levels across otoliths of ocean resident snapper to estimate otolith Ba levels indicative of residence in Port Phillip Bay (>10 μg g⁻¹) or coastal waters (<6 μg g⁻¹). Peaks in Ba exceeding 10 μg g⁻¹ were common across otoliths of snapper collected in Port Phillip Bay and a nearby coastal region. The location of strong Ba peaks within otoliths was consistent with residence in Port Phillip Bay during the spring/summer when snapper move into the Bay from coastal waters to spawn. Our results for snapper support the use of otolith Ba as a proxy for ambient levels throughout the life-history, however, confident interpretation of migration history from otolith Ba chronologies will most likely require matching time series of ambient Ba in the water bodies of interest.     

强场和弱场侧超声分子束注入对加料的影响

报道了HL-2A装置最新的实验结果,讨论并研究了超声分子束的注入位置对分子束在等离子体中的消融和穿透的影响,其中包括电离后的分子束粒子在磁场梯度作用和 E × B 漂移下的加速或减速及由此形成的冷通道效应.研究结果表明,磁场梯度和 E × B 漂移对于超声分子束的加料效果、消融和穿透有着重要的作用.强场侧注入可使电离后的电子和离子更深地进入等离子体芯部.这些研究对于更好地理解超声分子束与等离子体的相互作用和优化设计加料系统有一定作用.     

渤、黄海大泷六线鱼耳石微化学特征与群体判别

为探究中国近海大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammosotakii)耳石微化学成分特征及群体分化状况,采集了连云港、青岛、威海、烟台、秦皇岛、大连、丹东7个野生群体和1个威海养殖群体的大泷六线鱼样本。利用LA-ICPMS技术测定耳石中的微量元素,以微量元素与钙的比值进行了分析,结果显示大泷六线鱼耳石中, Na/Ca、Sr/Ca、Fe/Ca、Mg/Ca较高,而Mn/Ca、Ba/Ca、Zn/Ca、Li/Ca较低。耳石1龄前元素比值的组间比较(S-N-K检验)结果显示:Na/Ca、Sr/Ca、Fe/Ca在群体间具显著性差异(P<0.05)。耳石边缘区元素与环境中元素比较发现,Li、Mn元素在耳石中富集程度较大,Sr在耳石的中元素含量远远大于水环境中的浓度,说明耳石中的元素沉积与海水中元素并不是简单的线性关系。判别分析结果显示:耳石1龄前元素指纹的判别分析结果表明,大泷六线鱼群体的判别成功率为63.0%,判别正确范围为30.0%～80.0%,耳石边缘区元素的判别正确率为57.1%,判别正确范围20.0%～80.0%,秦皇岛群体有高的判别成功率80.0%。耳石元素指纹可以用于不同大泷六线鱼群体的...     

Spatial variation in otolith chemistry of Lutjanus apodus at Turneffe Atoll, Belize

Lutjanus apodus (Schoolmaster) were collected from several mangroves and coral reefs at Turneffe Atoll, Belize, in order to investigate whether elemental concentrations from the otolith edge could be used as a means to identify the habitat (mangrove or coral reef) and site (9 mangrove sites and 6 reef sites) from which they were collected. Results of a two factor nested MANOVA (sites nested within habitat) indicated significant differences in elemental concentrations between habitats (i.e., mangrove versus reef) as well as among sites. When separate Linear Discriminant Function Analyses (LDFA) were used to assess whether the spatial variability in otolith chemistry was sufficient to differentiate individuals to their respective habitats or sites, the results indicated that fish were classified (jackknife procedure) with a moderate to poor degree of accuracy (i.e., on average, 67% and 40% of the individuals were correctly classified to the habitat and site from which they were collected, respectively). Using a partial Mantel test we did not find a significant correlation between the differences in otolith elemental concentrations between sites and the distance between sites, while controlling the effect of habitat type (mangrove or reef). This suggests that for mangrove and reef sites at Turneffe Atoll, Belize, the overlap in terms of L. apodus otolith elemental concentrations is too high for investigations of fish movement. Finally, by comparing previously published Haemulon flavolineatum otolith chemistry to that of L. apodus we assessed whether these species showed similar habitat and/or site specific patterns in their otolith chemistry. Although both species were collected from the same sites our results indicated little similarity in their elemental concentrations, thus suggesting that habitat and site elemental signatures are species specific.