Maritime safety for fishing boat operations and avoidable hijacking in Taiwan

Taiwanese fishing boats have been hijacked many times this year. Trouble at sea can usually be attributed to communication problems, inappropriate management and an unfair salary system. The majority of boats hijacked are high sea (long-line) fishing boats. Although fishery authorities ask the fishing boats to set up vessel monitoring systems (VMSs), this precaution has not been sufficient. There is a further need for improved management by the fishing boat owner and for an improved employment policy for seamen. The issue of maritime security is not new, but it remains a major concern and continues to be a threat to Taiwan and other countries. To date, there have been many cases of hijacking in the South China Sea. This paper analyzes the reasons for the hijackings and provides potential strategies to prevent future incidents.     

陆海统筹背景下海域综合管理探析

文章分析当前海域管理面临的形势,并剖析当前存在的管理问题,提出管理的总体目标和改革意见措施,同时对当前海域使用管理法修订、新一轮国土空间规划制定、围填海管控、海岸线保护与利用管理、养殖用海管理等主要工作提出管理建议。建议包括：构建基于生态系统的海域综合管理机制,深入落实生态文明建设总要求;开展海域资源本底调查,为深化综合管理奠定基础;整合涉海规划,发挥陆海统筹作用;发挥指标调控作用,实施市场化配置;调控产业用海,充分发挥海域资源最大效益;加大整治修复力度,恢复区域生态功能;打破部门间壁垒,形成监管闭环。     

面向海运统计的AIS大数据挖掘分析研究

为解决传统海运产业统计方法数据质量不高、时效性差、统计产品陈旧短缺、公信力不足等的问题,提出基于AIS大数据挖掘分析开展海运统计的方法.详细阐述了基于AIS大数据的海运统计分析技术路线、大数据平台技术架构,以及电子围栏分析、航行事件分析、航次分析和统计指标生成等关键模型算法.以2019年3月至5月全球大宗货品船舶的AIS数据应用为例表明,该方法可提供港口、海上通道和大宗货品三方面的海运大数据统计指标,为实现海运即时化、准确化、精细化的统计分析与展现提供了新思路.     

Geodetic Datum of Indonesian Maritime Boundaries: Status and Problems

Indonesia has maritime boundaries with 10 countries namely: Australia, Timor Leste, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Palau, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and India. Many treaties have been ratified concerning these boundaries. Unfortunately, many coordinates of boundary points mentioned in the treaties are not clear in relation to their geodetic datum. The uncertainty in geodetic datum of boundary points introduces complications and problems in spatial management of Indonesia's maritime boundaries, since it can displace the boundary lines from their assumed true location. This study investigates the possible original geodetic datums for the maritime boundaries between Indonesia and neighboring countries, in the case they are not explicitly stated in the treaties. The displacements of boundaries in WGS84 datum are generally in the order of a few hundred meters, i.e., about 200 to 400 m, depending on the assumed original geodetic datum being considered. These boundary displacements are spatially advantageous for Indonesia in some cases and also disadvantageous in others. The study will sum up with some conclusions and recommendations.     

Geodetic Datum of Indonesian Maritime Boundaries: Status and Problems

Indonesia has maritime boundaries with 10 countries namely: Australia, Timor Leste, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Palau, Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and India. Many treaties have been ratified concerning these boundaries. Unfortunately, many coordinates of boundary points mentioned in the treaties are not clear in relation to their geodetic datum. The uncertainty in geodetic datum of boundary points introduces complications and problems in spatial management of Indonesia's maritime boundaries, since it can displace the boundary lines from their assumed true location. This study investigates the possible original geodetic datums for the maritime boundaries between Indonesia and neighboring countries, in the case they are not explicitly stated in the treaties. The displacements of boundaries in WGS84 datum are generally in the order of a few hundred meters, i.e., about 200 to 400 m, depending on the assumed original geodetic datum being considered. These boundary displacements are spatially advantageous for Indonesia in some cases and also disadvantageous in others. The study will sum up with some conclusions and recommendations.     

Digital selective calling and direct printing techniques in the mobile maritime service

For a variety of reasons, communications with ships on the high seas have significantly lagged behind other communications services. For example, the maritime mobile service is practically the only service where manual Morse still constitutes a major part of the communications services. In the last few years, however, some new techniques have been developed which promise to improve maritime communications. This paper provides a background discussion of maritime mobile communications and describes two recent techniques, digital selective calling and direct printing in some detail, together with their impact on maritime communications and safety at sea. Finally, the status of and procedures for international acceptance and standardization are discussed, and national efforts to promote acceptance of these techniques are described.     

基于RBF 神经网络的EMD 方法在海平面分析中的应用

采用径向基函数神经网络法延拓原始数据序列,有效抑制了EMD分解中出现的端点发散效应,从而实现准确的EMD分解。利用该方法对中国近海验潮站的月平均海平面资料进行处理,分解得到的内在模函数分量代表了海平面各种周期性变化。通过EMD分解得到的总体自适定趋势项为非线性变化,比以往趋势项提取方法更有优势,它反映了在资料长度内海平面的长期升降情况。数据序列越长,该方法所能分解出来的IMF成分越多,可分辨的频率越小。     

滨州市海域海冰的时空分布和冰级特征

文章根据2005—2017年滨州市海域冬季各类海冰监测数据资料,对冰日、冰期、冰型、冰厚、浮冰密集度和结冰范围等冰情要素进行分析,总结海冰的时空分布和冰级特征,为进一步开展相关海域的海冰灾害研究和防灾减灾工作提供必要的参考。研究表明,滨州市海域的总冰期一般为60~80d,其中严重冰期约为25d,河口和浅滩等近岸海域冰情较重;冰型、冰厚和结冰范围等在不同冰期和冰级具有不同特点,对海上设施和海上活动造成不同程度的影响。     

灰度共生矩阵纹理特征对SAR海冰漂移监测的增强性能研究

海冰漂移监测对气候变化分析、船只航行、海上石油平台等海上活动安全作业具有重要意义。当前主流的SAR海冰漂移监测方法多是基于SAR灰度图开展的,其受噪声、环境等因素的影响较大,导致其在海冰漂移探测时,特征失配率高,匹配正确率低。针对这一问题,本文尝试利用SAR海冰纹理特征来增强海冰漂移探测性能。首先对比分析了8种纹理特征对海冰漂移探测中特征匹配的增强性能,筛选出能够有效增强特征匹配性能的最优纹理特征;其次进一步分析了海冰类型、入射角和分辨率对基于纹理特征的海冰漂移探测性能增强的影响。实验结果表明,均值是最优的纹理特征,与SAR强度图相比,特征匹配正确率提高了约7%。     

海洋工程施工围堰用海方式界定问题分析与探讨

文章从工程与工作实践出发,对填海造地工程、跨海桥梁、水利工程等海洋工程施工围堰用海方式界定问题进行了分析与探讨。针对施工围堰与项目申请用海方式不一致的情况,提出了分阶段确权的解决方法。期望为海域管理和海域使用动态监视监测工作提供有益参考。     

Multilateralism in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore

This paper analyzes International Maritime Organization (IMO) involvement in maritime cooperation regime in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore through multilateralism. It begins by introducing the maritime cooperation regime prior to 2001, which was mainly trilateral in nature through Tripartite Technical Expert Group on the Safety of Navigation (TTEG). Although TTEG managed to increase the level of safety of navigation in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore through the implementation of the Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) in 1981 and Mandatory Ship Reporting System (STRAITREP) in 1998, such cooperation was beset by financial strain and conflict of interests. Subsequently, there was a change in the cooperation regime after 9/11 incident. This paper identifies that the change was contributed by the IMO through a methodology called multilateralism. Three important principles were adopted by IMO in implementing multilateralism in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore, namely generalized principles of conduct (respect for sovereignty and compliance with burden sharing principle under Article 43 of UNCLOS 1982), diffuse reciprocity, and indivisibility. This paper concludes that multilateralism by IMO has transformed trilateral cooperation into multilateral cooperation in the Straits of Malacca, combining state actors (littoral states and user states) and non-state actors (non-governmental organizations and international shipping industries).     

Maritime issues in North-East Asia: Their impact on regional politics

The author provides an introduction to the politics of the North-east Asia region, a survey of local maritime issues and disputes, and examines the impact of the new ocean regime on this region. He concludes that, although there are many substantial maritime disputes in North-east Asia, these are in general subordinated to larger determinants of political relations, and do not themselves have a major impact on regional politics. Soviet—Japanese relations, however, constitute an exception to this rule. Dr Buzan argues that the disputes over fishing and the northern islands played a key role in impeding better Soviet-Japanese relations, and thereby facilitated the current Sino — Japanese rapprochement with its potentially global implications.     

海雾卫星遥感监测研究进展

海雾导致能见度降低,给海上交通和海上作业造成极大威胁。卫星遥感是海雾监测不可或缺的重要技术手段。本文从海雾遥感监测的原理出发,首先介绍海雾的辐射特征和纹理特征,进而对近年来海雾遥感监测方面的研究进行回顾,包括海雾的识别探测研究和海雾物理特征量的反演研究,最后对海雾遥感监测中存在的一些问题进行了讨论。     

Ocean governance in a competitive world. The BRIC countries as emerging maritime powers—building new geopolitical scenarios

Owing to their style and economic impact, Brazil, Russia, India and China (the BRIC countries) are destined to become relevant actors in the new ocean governance. The following working hypothesis is sustained: the BRIC countries, due to the potential of their maritime territories, can be considered to be emerging maritime powers capable of displacing some of the historical maritime powers. This would also entail a shift of strategic maritime space towards the southern hemisphere. Other emerging maritime scenarios associated with the BRIC countries include the Russian Arctic, and the Indo-Pacific ocean belt, or “string of pearls”, as it is known. Factors such as competitiveness, maritime leadership and ocean governance are thus placed in a new economic and political context where they might be redefined and adapted to the circumstances of the BRIC block and other emerging countries, the majority of which are subject to demographic pressure and a high degree of poverty. The most relevant conclusions point to the emergence of a new type of neo-navalism, on the one hand—a BRIC version of traditional sea power and, on the other, a possible threat to the EU's Integrated Maritime Policy under pressure from strong competitiveness in a highly internationalised environment, forcing changes in its original approach with its distinct social profiles and commitment to latest generation rights.     

海面高对北斗定位精度影响的研究

研究了海面高要素对北斗一号卫星导航定位系统定位精度的影响规律,并进行了仿真计算,利用研制的海上用户接收机进行了陆地试验和海上试验,证明了考虑海面高因素的海上用户接收机能有效地提高北斗定位精度。     

Fatalities among the world’s merchant seafarers (1990–1994)

This paper presents the findings of a study into fatalities among seafarers serving on board merchant vessels worldwide. Statistics obtained from official maritime authorities are used to provide a comparison of mortality rates among seafarers in 19 different national fleets, and to estimate the number of seafaring lives lost at sea worldwide. This study has the advantage of distinguishing between five different causes of death at sea: deaths through maritime disasters, occupational accidents, illnesses, crewing personnel missing at sea and suicides, homicides and unexplained causes. The findings are compared with those of previous studies and with published statistical information on casualties worldwide. It is evident that statistics released by respected maritime sources grossly under-report casualties arising from disasters involving merchant vessels, and fail to address mortality through all other causes of death at sea.     

海南省海域管理信息系统建设

海南省陆域狭小,却是我国拥有海洋面积最辽阔的省份:其海岸线长度约占全国海岸线总长1/10,法定所辖海域约占全国海域总面积的2/3。为了实现"海洋大省"的建设目标,首先建立海南省海域管理系统。该系统的主要组成:基础信息层、信息综合层和应用服务层;系统的主要功能:海域使用的申请审批、海域使用确权登记、证书打印、存储与更新、查询与检索、模型分析、产品制作等。     

顾及恶劣海况的船舶救援路径规划

为了保障救援船舶在恶劣海况环境下能够安全、高效地到达救援区域,本文改进人工鱼群算法开展海上救援路径规划研究.选取地形、海风和海浪等指标进行风险度量,采用GIS(geographical infor-mation system)多指标决策方法构建海洋环境威胁场,通过粒子群算法计算救援路径规划的最佳参数,并实现海上救援路径...     

基于大数据的复杂海运环境下船舶路径自动生成方法

随着全球经济的快速发展,海上运输由于其运力大、运费低而变得更具实用性。然而,这也意味着在海上航道行驶的船只正变得越来越多,这将导致在复杂的海洋环境中航海船只发生事故的可能性会很高。据相关历史的统计,在海域中航行缺乏高精度导航数据会导致大量事故,这种累积的事故信息可以被用来提高航海的安全性。本文通过将蕴含在AIS (Automatic Identification System) 大数据中的经验导航信息挖掘出来,以辅助实现复杂海事环境下安全可靠的船舶路径的生成。本文提出了一种基于大数据自动生成船舶路径的新方法。该方法首先在大量船舶轨迹上通过DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) 聚类形成不同的轨迹矢量簇。然后,迭代计算轨迹矢量簇的中心线,并从这些中心线之间的节点-弧段拓扑关系来构建航道网络。最后,基于航道网络来实现船舶路径的生成,对于航道网络未覆盖的海域,则通过海洋环境风险栅格的路径规划来实现船舶路径的生成。不同海域不同AIS数据集进行的多次实验结果表明,本文提出的船舶路径生成方法是有效性。     

福建省海洋非法采砂行为管控初探

天然海砂是一种海洋矿产资源,由于在城市建设中使用十分广泛,海砂成为仅次于石油天然气的海洋第二大矿产资源。但近年来由于大量无度开采海砂,对海洋生态环境、海上航行安全以及建筑物安全都造成极大的破坏和影响。对此,各地执法部门进行了一系列打击非法采挖海砂专项行动,虽取得一定成效,但违法采挖海砂的猖獗势头依然未能得到遏制。文章从目前海砂市场的供求现状以及非法采挖海砂造成的问题出发,对执法部门打击非法采挖海砂未能取得预期效果的原因进行分析,并提出合理规划海砂合法开采、加大非法采砂惩处力度、合力完善治砂长效机制、用现代信息技术助力采砂监管等4个方面的解决思路,规范海洋采砂行为,使市场需求和环境保护得到兼顾。