A new species of the genus Amphicteis (Polychaeta: Ampharetidae) from China

A new species of the ampharetid genus Amphicteis,A.chinensis sp.nov.,is described based on material from the East and South China Seas.The new species is distinguished from the other known species of this genus by the presence of a lobebehind the paleae.Akey to distinguish all Amphicteis species and the closely related genus Paramphicteis from the Chinese seas is provided.     

Preliminary Identification of Three New Isolates in Genus Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) from China Sea Area

1 Introduction Dinoflagellate Alexandrium has received intensive at-tention in recent years, as it is a valuable bioactive com-pound resource and related to harmful algal bloom (HAB)which has negative impact on marine ecology systemaquiculture, human health and tourism (Hallegraeff andBolch, 1992; Smayda, 1997; Vale and Antonia de MSampayo, 2001). However, not all of the species in genusAlexandrium produce toxin (Wendy et al., 2001), so rapididentification and clarification of the phyloge…     

A new species of Cymbasoma Thompson, 1888(Copepoda: Monstrilloida) from the Fujian coast,China

A new monstrilloid copepod species,Cymbasoma cheni sp.nov.,from Meizhou Bay(an embayment in Fujian Province,southeastern China)is described and illustrated.The diagnostic character of the new species is the structure and armature of the fifth leg,which is represented by a single lobe armed with three naked setae subequal in length.The new species closely resembles Cymbasoma bowmani SuarezMorales and Gasca,1998 in the structure of the fifth legs,and the body proportions,including total body length,and relative lengths of the cephalothorax and the genital double somite.However,Cymbasoma cheni sp.nov.is distinguished by lack of cuticular ornamentation on the cephalothorax,the position of the oral papilla,and the structure of the fifth leg with three naked setae.Although the structure of the fifth legs is similar in Cymbasoma cheni sp.nov.and Cymbasoma quintanarooense(Suarez-Morales,1994),the new species can be easily distinguished from Cymbasoma quintanarooense by the relative length of the antennule,differences in the genital double-somite and the ovigerous spines,and the shape of ocelli.This is the sixth record of this genus from China seas.     

Life cycle and secondary production of two mayflies <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leptophlebia</Emphasis> sp. and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ephemera</Emphasis> sp. in Heizhuchong stream,Hubei, China

From June 2003 to June 2004, an investigation on the life cycle, production and trophic basis of dominant species of macrozoobenthos community in a second-order river of the Hanjiang River basin, Hubei, China was carded out. The results showed that the dominant species Leptophlebia sp. and Ephemera sp. appeared to develop two generations per year, and there was a small overlap in the two generations of both species. The pupation of Leptophlebia sp. mainly occurred in autumn and winter, while pupation of Ephemera sp. mainly took place in summer and winter. The standing stocks of the Leptophlebia sp. population and Ephemera sp. population had two peaks in a year. The cohort production and cohort P/B ratio of the Leptophlebia sp. population estimated by size frequency method were 19.018 1 g/m^2.a and 5.7 respectively, while its annual production and P/B ratio were 38.036 2 g/m^2.a and 11.4. The cohort production and cohort P/B ratio of the Ephemera sp. population were 38.015 9 g/m^2.a and 5.9, while its annual production and P/B ratio were 76.031 8 g/m^2.a and 11.8.     

Life history, secondary production and trophic basis of two dominant mayflies in a subtropical stream of China

Mayflies constitute a major part of macroinvertebrate biomass and production in Iotic ecosystems, and play an important role in material cycle and energy flow. There are more than 250 species of mayflies in rivers and streams of China. In order to learn their ecological functions, an investigation on life cycle, production and trophic basis of dominant species of mayflies in a second-order branch of Hanjiang River basin, Hubei, China was carried out during June 2003 to June 2004. The results showed that the dominant mayfly species Epeorus sp. and Caenis sp. developed two generations per year; in term of Epeorus sp., pupation mainly occurred in spring and then from late summer to early autumn, while Caenis sp. pupated in spring and autumn. The abundance and biomass of the Epeorus sp. population peaked twice （1 226 ind/m^2, 3.142 5g/m^2） in April and June. Caenis sp. also had two peaks （307ind/m^2, 1.590 g/m^2）, but in February and June. Cohort production and cohort P/B ratio of Epeorus sp. were 161.009 g/m2 wet weight and 7.7, respectively, and annual production and P/B ratio were 267.46g/m^2.a wet weight and 15.4, respectively; cohort production and P/B ratio of Caenis sp. were 26.7995g/m^2 wet weight and 4.7, its annual production and P/B ratio were 53.60 g/m2.a wet weight and 9.4, respectively. For Epeorus sp., the proportions contributing to secondary production of the main food types were： amorphous detritus, 33.46%; fungi, 10.83%; vascular plant detritus, 1.80%; diatoms, 53.90%; for Caenis sp., the proportions were 70.79%, 6.90%, 3.52% and 18.77%, respectively.     

Preliminary identification of three new isolates in genus Alexandrium (Dinophyceae) from China sea area

The 5.8S ribosomal DNA sequences (5.8S rDNA) and their flanking regions, internal transcribed spacer 1 and spacer 2 (ITS1 and ITS2) of three new isolates in genus Alexandrium (Alexandrium sp. qd1, Alexandrium sp. qd2, Alexandrium sp. gz) from China were amplified, sequenced, and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Alexandrium sp. gz and Alexandrium sp. qd1 were grouped with high bootstrap values with four strains/species, i.e., A. catenella South Korea strain, A. catenella Japan strain, and two from China, Alexandrium sp. AC03 and Alexandrium sp. AN01 being proposed to be A. catenalla in a previous study. Then Alexandrium sp. gz and Alexandrium sp. qd1 were identified as Alexandrium catenella. As A. catenella was isolated from Qingdao and Guangzhou sea areas, it supposedly distributed at least in these two areas and was genetically different. Alexandrium sp. qd2 differed greatly from species in Alexandrium. It clustered with Symbiodinium californium, Symbiodinium sp. G15 and Gymnodinium sp. Zhao 01 with 100% bootstrap value; so Alexandrium sp. qd2 affiliates to genus Symbiodinium, and is probably a free-living Symbiodinium species.     

中国野鲮亚科鱼类一新属新种记述

描记采于贵州省茂兰自然保护区境内一洞穴的中国野鲮亚科(Labeoninae)一新属长臀鲮属Longanalus,spnov和一个新种大鳍长臀鲮Longanalus macrochiroussp nov。新属以臀鳍分枝鳍条为7根等特征,区别于该亚科所有属;新种以偶鳍发达,胸鳍后伸达到腹鳍基,腹鳍后伸超过臀鳍起点等显著特征命名大鳍长臀鲮。     

Environmental change and its effects on inter-decadal variations of diatom production,species composition and frustule dissolution in a coastal marginal sea

The implications of climate change during the second half of the 20 th century have been reported throughout the world. Although marginal seas are sensitive to climate change and anthropogenic impacts, relatively little attention has been given to the South East Asian marginal seas. Thus, to bridge this gap in knowledge, a sediment core was collected from the coastal areas of the Leizhou Peninsula in the South China Sea(SCS) to study the inter-decadal climate change and its consequences using diatom species composition as a proxy record. Diatom absolute abundance varied from 2 300 to 68 000 and averaged 16 000 valves per gram of dry weight(v/gdw). The fractional dissolution index(Fi) was usually below 0.5, which indicates low to moderate preservation of diatom valves at coastal area of the SCS. At the inter-decadal time scale, total diatom abundance was high for the period after 1972, which coincided with 1) increased percentage of planktonic diatom abundance and Fi; 2) emergence and dominance of high productivity indicative cosmopolitan species such as T halassionema nitzschioides and Paralia sulcata(their relative abundance increased from 1.5% to 7% for the period before and after 1972, respectively); 3) decreased relative abundance of the small-sized eutrophication indicative species, C yclotella striata, from 70% to 40%. This study reveals that variations in the abundance of diatoms preserved in the sediment was a function of both production and dissolution/preservation of diatom valves, which in turn was intimately connected to the prevailing environmental/climatic conditions. In conclusion, these data reveal the existence of substantial changes in the coastal SCS in response to the 1970 s climate shift that was recorded in dif ferent parts of the world.     

贵州洞穴盲副鳅一新种

描记采于贵州茂兰自然保护区一洞穴的盲副鳅一新种,命名为茂兰盲副鳅Paracobitis maolanensisLi,RanetChen sp nov。该种与产于该县的长须盲副鳅Paracobitis longibarbatusChen,YangetSket(1998)的区别为:①口须纤弱而不是发达;②鼻瓣不成须状;而不是鼻瓣发育成鼻须。③胸鳍较长,后伸接近腹鳍起点且形态特殊;④尾鳍深叉;⑤臀鳍条ii,5;而不是ii,6。新种与分布于广西的后鳍盲副鳅Paracobitis posterodarsalusLi,RaoetChen的区别为:①背鳍起点与腹鳍起点相对;而不是在整个腹鳍之后;②口须纤弱鼻瓣不呈鼻须;而不是口须发达,鼻瓣发育成鼻须;③背鳍条iii,8;而不是iii,6;④臀鳍条ii,5;而不是ii,4;⑤胸鳍长而形态特殊。     

FIVE RED TIDE SPECIES IN GENUS PROROCENTRUM INCLUDING THE DESCRIPTION OF PROROCENTRUM DONGHAIENSE LU SP. NOV. FROM THE EAST CHINA SEA

A new planktonic dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum donghaiense I_a sp. nov., is described in the present paper. The water sample was collected from the Changjiang Estuary, the East China Sea. The species identification is based on shape, size, surface micro-morphology, ornamentation of thecal plates and the architecture of the pel‘iflagellar area and the intercalary bands as seen by fight and scanning electron microscope. Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu sp. nov. is compared with other prorocentrum species with respect to morphological characteristics and bloom behavior. It is not known whether Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu sp. nov produces phycotoxins like some other Prorocentrum species. Four other red tide species in the family Prorocentraceae (Dinophyceae), namely P. balticum, P. minimum, P.micans, P. triestinum, were examined and identified by light and scanning electron microscope. They have been recorded as bloom-forming species. Some aggregates of Prorocentrum are observed at the end of blooms. An event of strong discoloration caused by P. donghaiense could be detected by satellite sensor in the East China Sea in the late spring, of 1995.     

辽宁早侏罗世化石木材

辽宁地区木化石丰富,现已发现早侏罗世松柏类硅化木材 5属 8种,其中包括 2个新种, 2个修订种, 3个已知种及 1个未定种,即： Protophyllocladoxylon chaoyangense Zhang et Zheng sp. nov.,P. franconicum Vogellehner, Protosciadopityoxylon liaoxiense Zhang et Zheng sp. nov., P. jeholense (Ogura) Zhang et Zheng comb. nov., Sciadopityoxylon heizyoense(Shimakura) Zhang et Zheng comb. nov., Protocedroxylon dibneri (Shilkina) Shilkina et Chudajb., Xenoxylon latiporosum Gothan, X.? sp.。本文对新种作了描述,对前人鉴定有误的属种进行了修订,并概述了 5个产地木材化石组合特征及其古气候环境。     

Two new records of Pyramidellidae (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia) from China seas

This paper reports two species of the family Pyramidellidae (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia), Otopleura nitida (A. Adams, 1854) and Rugadentia manzakiana (Yokoyama, 1922). The former was from the South China Sea and the latter was from the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The study was based on the collections deposited in the Marine Biological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences. This is for the first time that these species have been recorded in China seas. In the current contribution, we describe and illustrate these two species, and compare them with similar species.     

Interdecadal variations of surface winds over China marginal seas

Long term variability in the surface winds over the marginal seas of China is examined with a dominant-mode singular value decomposition method. Both interannual and interdecadal patterns are found to be seasonally and spatially dependent, with reanalyses and satellite remote sensing data yielding highly consistent results. The study reveals that summer monsoon winds over the East China Sea experienced an interdecadal weakening in the late 1960s and began a persistent recovery in 2005. The study also shows gradual weakening of the winter monsoon in the southern South China Sea by more than 2m/s since the 1960s, with corroboration from coastal climate stations in Borneo. This phenomenon has not been reported in previous monsoon studies.     

Large scale northward expansion of warm water species Skeletonema tropicum (Bacillariophyceae) in China seas

Skeletonema tropicum is regarded as a species with an affinity to warm waters and it has never been reported in seas where temperatures drop below 11°C in winter. Previous studies in China reported that S. tropicum was restricted to subtropical and warm temperate seas (East and South China Seas), but the species was recently found during August cruises of 2009 and 2010 in Jiaozhou Bay, Yellow Sea, located several hundred kilometers to the north. Here, winter water temperatures often drop below 5°C. Identification of S. tropicum was confirmed under light and scanning electronic microscopes and maximum cell abundance in Jiaozhou Bay was estimated as 1.73×10 4 cell/L. This record of S. tropicum in Jiaozhou Bay represents a significant northward expansion in the geographic range of the species. Ship ballast water was identified as a possible carrier of S. tropicum from southern places along Chinese coastline, and in addition, thermal pollution from local power stations and seawater desalination plants may provide suitable conditions for species over-wintering.     

Production dynamics and life cycle of dominant chironomids （Diptera, Chironomidae） in a subtropical stream in China： adaptation to variable flow conditions in summer and autumn

The production dynamics and trophic basis of 7 dominant species of chironomids were investigated in the area of a second-order river of the Hanjiang River basin, in central China from June 2003 to June 2004. The results showed that Tvetenia discoloripes was by far the most abundant chironomid, dominating the overall standing stock of the taxa. In terms of life cycle, Chaetocladius sp., Eukiefferiella potthasti and T. discoloripes developed 1 generation a year, whereas Microtendipes sp. and Pagastia sp. developed two, while Pentaneura sp. and Polypedilum sp. developed three. T. discoloripes was the most productive chironomid with 120.305 8 g/m2.a, Pentaneura sp. and E. potthasti had relatively high production values of >17 g/m2.a, and the rest were <10 g/m2.a. All the production temporal variation tended to follow biomass patterns. T. discoloripes, Chaetocladius sp. and Pagastia sp. concentrated most of their production in winter, whereas E. potthasti, Pentaneura sp. and Polypedilum sp. had relatively higher production throughout the year. Only Microtendipes sp. had a production that peaked in summer. The overlap in temporal distribution of production among the chironomid species was generally high (>0.5), especially for filter-collectors Microtendipes sp., Chaetocladius sp., Chaetocladius sp., T. discoloripes and Pagastia sp. All species except Pentaneura sp. consumed a large portion of amorphous detritus, constituting more than 90% of their diets, and contributing nearly 90% to their secondary production. All the 7 chironomids represent obvious adaptation to local highly variable climate in summer and autumn in life cycle pattern, production dynamics, and food type.     

丹东地区中生代地层-古生物

丹东地区小岭组植物化石共9属12种。动物化石腹足类4属6种,叶肢介1属2种。均为首次发现。这些化石的发现为小岭组应属早白垩世而不属侏罗纪,提出了令人信服的证据。同时,阐述了古地理环境和地层特征,并与邻区进行了对比。     

中国海陆1∶500万地质地球物理系列图与数据库研制

60年来,利用我国各种地质地球物理数据,结合野外考察,运用块体构造学说编制了中国海陆1∶500万地质地球物理系列图。其从理论基础、方法技术上,实现中国海陆地质地球物理数据的融合;系统地反映出我国海陆基础地质调查与研究现状及大地构造格架;同时展示古生代以来中国海陆各块体的发育、运移、拼接和联合大陆的形成过程,以及印支运动后中国大陆由"东高西低"转为目前"西高东低"的演化规律。另外,通过系列图件的编制与建库,为我国矿产资源勘探及资源环境效应研究提供了基础图件数据。     

Taxonomic Clarification of A Well-Known Pathogenic Scuticociliate,Miamiensis avidus Thompson & Moewus,1964(Ciliophora,Scuticociliatia)

Miamiensis avidus Thompson Moewus,1964,is a cosmopolitan and well-known marine pathogenic ciliated protist.However,the taxonomy of this species up to now has remained controversial,especially with respect to the validity of the morphologically similar species,Philasterides dicentrarchi,which was considered as a junior synonym of M.avidus.In this study,a population of M.avidus was collected from the skin of pharaoh cuttlefish(Sepia pharaonis) cultured near the East China Sea,Ningbo,China and its morphology and phylogeny were investigated in detail based on living characters,infraciliature,small subunit(SSU) r DNA and ITS1-5.8 S-ITS2 region sequences.In addition,the morphometrics of a previously reported free-living population,collected from the Bohai Sea,were rechecked and analyzed.We compared the present two isolates with all historic populations of M.avidus and P.dicentrarchi,and found that their morphological characters were either highly similar or exactly identical,indicating that they are the same morphospecies.However,the phylogenetic analyses based on SSU r DNA or ITS1-5.8 S-ITS2 region sequences revealed that most M.avidus and P.dicentrarchi populations formed one clade,and the two isolates of M.avidus from Weifang and American Type Culture Collection clustered in another clade,which indicated that there might be cryptic species in Miamiensis avidus.     

A NEW“TETRASPORANGIAL”SPECIES OF LIAGORA(RHODOPHYTA,NEMALIALES)FROM HAWAIT

A new species of Liagora,L.perennis sp.nov.from Hawai’i,is described.Unlike dpecies of this genus in China,it is carpotetrasporangial,and at the place of expected carposporangia bears cruciately di-vided tetrasporangia,a detail which differentiates it from the usual species of Liagora without tetraspores that have been reported in China.Notes are provided on other Liagora species that have an impact on the taxonomy of species found in China.