基于OPT101 器件的大气能见度检测系统

针对现有大气能见度仪采用分离器件的信号噪声大、接收信号非常微弱的不足,进口产品价格昂贵的不足,基于先进的集成器件OPT101设计了一套便携式的大气能见度检测系统。系统应用集成前置放大的光电检测传感器,实现微弱光电信号的检测和前置放大,克服了传统分离器件前置放大易受噪声干扰的不足,提高了测量数据的准确度和系统的稳定性,降低了设计和调试的难度。与美国Enviro Tech能见度传感器进行了现场比测实验,实验结果显示二者变化趋势一致性较好,表明了系统设计的有效性。     

一种高Q值单频水声信号放大提取电路的设计

针对水声信号所处环境复杂、背景噪声源多的特点,提出了一种基于JFET的超低噪音放大电路,该电路选用两片低噪音的场效应管2SK170作为第一级放大器件,经过CR高通滤波连接到同相放大电路,整体电路增益可达70dB;为进一步提升接收信号信噪比,结合双T滤波器特点优化设计出一种高Q值选频电路;通过Multisim14仿真表明,设计的电路在1 Hz处的电压噪声密度仅为2.4 nV/Hz^0.5,滤波器Q值可达25.6,结合实际电路测试结果表明,设计的电路能够满足水声测量要求。     

光电辨认机电子线路的设计

放大器,脉冲幅度鉴别器和由移位寄存器组成的延时器,是光电辨认机电子线路的主要组成部分。在简要地介绍了该机整体电子线路的基础上,本文分析了前置放大器的输入耦合方式,高增益,低漂移问题,鉴别器自稳零电路和延时器电路。研究了电路参数与整机性能之间的关系。提出了这些参数的选择原则。     

一种DOC在线分析仪光电信号处理方法

目前在海洋生态环境监测领域,国内尚无快速、稳定、在线的溶解性有机碳(DOC)自动化测量方法。为此,提出了一种专门针对海水DOC在线分析的光电信号处理方法。首先,确保氧化发光产生的微弱光信号能够通过光电倍增管探测到,之后信号经过锁相放大、带通滤波等电路模块进行前期处理,并且在CPU中采用复合数字滤波算法进一步平滑降噪处理,最终该方法解决了DOC在线分析方法中微弱光电信号处理的难题。长期的海试比对试验数据表明:该方法的测量数据的平行度能够达到实验室方法的测量数据的85%,证明其具备在线分析的能力,而且该方法测量速度更快,因此具有很好的实用性。     

用微机研究光电倍增管伏安特性

光电倍增管的伏安特性系指,当投射到光阴极上的光强恒定时,阳极电流与总的工作电压之间的关系。该关系可用下式表示: (1)式中l_A为阳极电流,φ为投射到光阴极上的光强,R是阴极灵敏度,G是光电倍增管的总放大倍数。G可用下式表示:     

基于光纤光参量放大的异步双波长全光再生技术研究

本文提出了一种新型的多波长全光再生方案,利用相位时钟光纤光参量放大,并采用相邻信道偏振正交的方法,实现对由异步信源产生的双波长信号全光再生.理论分析了参量放大中的增益饱和现象用于幅度噪声抑制,以及利用相位时钟及后续色散实现对信号定时的机理.在这个基础上,对两个独立信源产生的异步双波长10 Gbit/s信号进行再生实验,实验表明该方案有效的抑制了基于多波长3R再生系统中信道间的四波混频与交叉相位调制等非线性干扰.系统在单波长和双波长情况下分别将两路信号信噪比改善了至少6.5 dB与4.5 dB.误码率测试结     

多光谱激光雷达小波去噪效果评价体系

针对基于小波理论的多光谱激光雷达消噪信号,从能量、图形、统计多角度出发,提出了由信噪比、平滑度等6项指标组成的小波消噪效果评价体系。实验证明,该体系可以为多光谱激光雷达消噪信号提供更加全面客观的效果评价,为不同信号噪声去除方法的选择提供更加可靠的依据,同时也有利于对不同算法进行有针对性的改进。     

水声传播中线性调频脉冲信号的检测方法研究

本文分析了线性调频脉冲信号的特点并用脉冲压缩方法来检测线性调频信号波形，特别是用脉冲压缩方法来检测会聚区信号，更能体现脉冲压缩具有降低噪声均值，获得较高信噪比增益，提高距离分辨率的优点．     

AUV移动探测下基于U-Net网络的本体噪声去除

在基于移动 AUV(自主水下机器人)平台的水下机动目标探测场景中,由于拖曳能力和探测孔径的限制,目标噪声极易淹没在本体噪声中。而且,本体噪声与目标噪声具有非常相似的频谱特性和倍频关系,进一步加重了目标噪声分析的难度。为降低本体噪声的影响、提高目标噪声的信噪比,开展了基于 U-Net 深度网络的水下混合噪声信号分离算法研究。通过仿真模型测试了算法在不同转速差、桨叶数差以及目标噪声信噪比条件下去除本体噪声的性能。实验结果初步表明：在目标信号信噪比不低于–10 dB 的条件下,算法可以对本体噪声进行有效去除。     

海洋电场采集电极极差自动补偿方法设计

针对海洋电磁勘探的低频、微弱电场信号采集中电极与放大采集电路的耦合问题,提出了一种支持直流耦合的电极极差自动补偿放大采集电路设计方法,给出了系统设计实现,详细介绍了电极极差自动补偿放大采集电路和自动补偿控制算法.测试结果表明,所设计的电极极差自动补偿方法可将0.1～0.7 mV的电极极差自动补偿至0.043～0.074 mV,均控制在0.1 mV以内,满足了海洋电场采集直流耦合的需求,降低了电场采集电路对不极化Ag/AgC1电极的极差设计要求,可有效应用于海洋低频电场信号采集.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.