拜城盆地平原区地下水质量评价

拜城盆地是新疆重要的煤炭、油气和农产品基地,随着社会经济不断发展,水资源需求不断增加,地下水开采量日益增大,本文结合库车-拜城盆地能源基地地下水调查项目,采集拜城盆地范围内196组地下水样品,应用地下水质量综合评价法对拜城盆地平原区地下水质量进行评价。结果显示,拜城盆地平原区地下水质量总体较好,仅有南、北部山前,木扎提河下游南北两岸等部分地段地下水质量属极差-较差,人类活动未造成地下水污染。在今后发展中,应以保护地下水资源为目标,优化产业布局,发展绿色农业和节水经济,开展地下水日常监测工作,防止地下水污染,为保护拜城盆地地下水资源提供支撑。     

吐鲁番盆地区域地下水质量评价分析

在对吐鲁番盆地区域地形地貌、气象特征、水文特征等条件分析的基础上,对研究区区域地下水质量进行了评价和分区,并对影响指标和影响因素进行了分析。研究结果表明:研究区50组样品中优良的有0组,良好的有18组,较好的有0组,较差的有24组,极差的有8组。根据分析指标,将该区域地下水质量划分为水质优良区、水质良好区、水质较好区、水质较差区、水质极差区。根据研究,影响盆地内地下水质量的主要因素为自然条件。     

青海省德令哈盆地第四系地下水质量评价

地下水质量评价是保护和合理开发利用地下水资源的前提。为准确反映德令哈盆地地下水质量状况,以青海省德令哈盆地第四系地下水的66组水质测试数据为基础,选取12项一般化学指标和4项毒理学指标共16项评价指标,采用基于最差指标判别法和改进的内梅罗指数法相结合的分类组合评价方法对地下水质量进行评价。结果表明：①德令哈盆地第四系地下水质量整体较好。其中,Ⅰ—Ⅲ类地下水采样点数占总采样点数的74.24%,Ⅳ类地下水采样点数占10.61%,Ⅴ类地下水采样点数占15.15%。②德令哈盆地内承压（自流）水质量优于潜水,冲湖积平原区地下水质量优于其他地区。③参评的16项指标中超标率（超Ⅲ类水）大于10%的指标有5种,由高到低依次为硫酸盐、总硬度、钠、溶解性总固体和氯化物。造成本区地下水质量超标的主要因素是地下水中的一般化学指标,三氮和毒理学指标超标较少。④本区地下水质量受原始地质环境和自然环境的控制,受人类活动影响较小。特定的地形地貌、地质构造和沉积环境控制着含水岩组的形成和地下水的循环演化,从而控制着地下水的整体质量;而干旱少雨的气候影响着浅层地下水的质量。     

吐鲁番盆地区域地下水质量评价分析

在对吐鲁番盆地区域地形地貌、气象特征、水文特征等条件分析的基础上,对研究区区域地下水质量进行了评价和分区,并对影响指标和影响因素进行了分析。研究结果表明:研究区50组样品中优良的有0组,良好的有18组,较好的有0组,较差的有24组,极差的有8组。根据分析指标,将该区域地下水质量划分为水质优良区、水质良好区、水质较好区、水质较差区、水质极差区。根据研究,影响盆地内地下水质量的主要因素为自然条件。     

新疆哈密盆地区域地下水质量评价

在对哈密盆地气象、水文、地形以及地貌等条件分析的基础上,对研究区的区域主要含水层和区域地下水质量进行了评价和分析。研究结果表明:哈密盆地为典型的内陆干旱盆地,地下水类型包括松散岩类孔隙水、碎屑岩类裂隙孔隙水、基岩裂隙水和冻结层水;研究区内地下水水质分布具有明显的分带规律;在无机常规指标超标(大于Ⅲ类)样品共16组,超标率为32%。进而为后期该地区地下地下水资源的开发利用提供理论基础和科学依据。     

曲靖盆地地下水脆弱性评价

曲靖盆地地下水有孔隙水、裂隙水及岩溶水三大类型,盆地及其周缘有6个主要水文地质单元。本文采用美国EPA地下水脆弱性评价方法DRASTIC,对该盆地地下水进行脆弱性评价,得出该区地下水脆弱性主要为中等、较高两种类型。该结果对曲靖市的土地开发利用和城市规划有借鉴意义。     

柴达木盆地大柴旦地区地下水水化学特征及演化规律

地下水在干旱/半干旱地区的生态环境保护中起着主导作用.柴达木盆地北缘的大柴旦湖地处西北干旱区,其生态环境较为脆弱,了解该地区的地下水水化学演化特征,对这一生态敏感地区的地下水可持续利用至关重要.本研究通过采集该地区28个具有代表性的水样,运用数理统计、Piper图、Gibbs图、离子比值、饱和指数和反向水文地球化学模拟...     

北京平原区浅层地下水演化的生态环境效应评价指标初探

基于目前北京市平原区浅层地下水的生态环境效应及引起效应的浅层地下水状态和性质,遵循指标选取的原则,从成因和结果两方面构建了由7项指标组成的评价指标体系,其中成因指标分别是地下水位、地下水化学类型和地下水可采资源量3项;结果表现指标分别是地面沉降、湿地萎缩、泉眼干涸和水质超标4项.指标体系的构建为未来该地区地下水生态环境...     

Hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality assessment of the multilayered aquifer in Lower Kelantan Basin,Kelantan, Malaysia

Continual expansion of population density, urbanization, agriculture, and industry in most parts of the world has increased the generation of pollution, which contributes to the deterioration of surface water quality. This causes the dependence on groundwater sources for their daily needs to accumulate day by day, which raises concerns about their quality and hydrogeochemistry. This study was carried out to increase understanding of the geological setup and assess the groundwater hydrogeochemical characteristics of the multilayered aquifers in Lower Kelantan Basin. Based on lithological data correlation of exploration wells, the study area can be divided into three main aquifers: shallow, intermediate and deep aquifers. From these three aquifers, 101 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for various parameters. The results showed that pH values in the shallow, intermediate and deep aquifers were generally acidic to slightly alkaline. The sequences of major cations and anions were Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺ > K⁺ and HCO₃^? > Cl^? > SO₄^2? > CO₃^2?, respectively. In the intermediate aquifer, the influence of ancient seawater was the primary factor that contributed to the elevated values of electrical conductivity (EC), Cl^? and total dissolved solids (TDS). The main facies in the shallow aquifer were Ca–HCO₃ and Na–HCO₃ water types. The water types were dominated by Na–Cl and Na–HCO₃ in the intermediate aquifer and by Na–HCO₃ in the deep aquifer. The Gibbs diagram reveals that the majority of groundwater samples belonged to the deep aquifer and fell in the rock dominance zone. Shallow aquifer samples mostly fell in the rainfall zone, suggesting that this aquifer is affected by anthropogenic activities. In contrast, the results suggest that the deep aquifer is heavily influenced by natural processes.     

乌鲁木齐河流域地下水水质监测网设计

文章运用地下水易污性编图及污染源分布图法进行了乌鲁木齐河流域地下水水质监测网设计。共设计了130监测孔,现有46个监测孔,另需要84个新的监测孔。按监测类型分为面源监测点22个,点源监测点87个,重点水源地与泉水监测点21个。按监测运行分长期监测点55个,流域普查监测点75个。普查监测点监测频率为1次/5年,长期监测点监测频率为1次/年。首期有针对性地在污染严重的柴窝堡新化厂排污区、乌鲁木齐河谷老排污区、米泉污灌区、米泉工业污染区、老龙河污染区取了25个污染水样测试分析,结果显示地下水已经受到严重污染。     

Geochemical and quality assessment of groundwater of Marand Basin, East Azarbaijan Province, northwestern Iran

The chemical analysis of 83 water wells in the Marand area, Azarbaijan Province NW of Iran was evaluated to determine the hydrogeochemical processes and ion concentration background in the region. Over the entire area, the dominated hydrochemical types are Ca? +?Mg?+?SO₄?+?Cl, Ca?+?SO₄, Na?+?Cl and Ca?+?Mg?+?HCO₃. Based on the total hardness, the softness of the groundwater is determined. According to electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), the most dominant classes are C3?CS1, C3?CS2, C4?CS2 and C2?CS1. The major ion concentrations are below the acceptable level for drinking water. The groundwater salinity hazard is medium to high, but the Na hazard is low to medium; with regard to irrigation water, the quality is low to medium. So, a drainage system is necessary to avoid the increase of toxic salt concentrations.     

Preliminary groundwater quality assessment in the central region of Ghana

Insufficient knowledge of the hydrogeochemistry of aquifers in the Central Region of Ghana has necessitated a preliminary water quality assessment in some parts of the region. Major and minor ions, and trace metal compositions of groundwater have been studied with the aim of evaluating hydrogeochemical processes that are likely to impair the quality of water in the study area. The results show that groundwater in the area is weakly acidic with mean acidity being 5.83 pH units. The dominant cation in the area is Na, followed by K, Ca, and Mg, and the dominant anion is Cl^?, followed by HCO₃ ^? and SO₄ ^2?. Two major hydrochemical facies have been identified as Na–Cl and Na–HCO_3, water types. Multivariate statistical techniques such as cluster analysis (CA) and factor analysis/principal component analysis (PCA), in R mode, were employed to examine the chemical compositions of groundwater and to identify factors that influenced each. Q-mode CA analysis resulted in two distinct water types as established by the hydrochemical facies. Cluster 1 waters contain predominantly Na–Cl. Cluster 2 waters contain Na–HCO₃ and Na–Cl. Cluster 2 waters are fresher and of good quality than cluster 1. Factor analysis yielded five significant factors, explaining 86.56% of the total variance. PC1 explains 41.95% of the variance and is contributed by temperature, electrical conductivity, TDS, turbidity, SO₄ ^2?, Cl^?, Na, K, Ca, Mg, and Mn and influenced by geochemical processes such as weathering, mineral dissolution, cation exchange, and oxidation–reduction reactions. PC2 explains 16.43% of the total variance and is characterized by high positive loadings of pH and HCO₃ ^?. This results from biogenic activities taking place to generate gaseous carbon dioxide that reacts with infiltrating water to generate HCO₃ ^?, which intend affect the pH. PC3 explains 11.17% of the total variance and is negatively loaded on PO₄ ^3? and NO₃ ^? indicating anthropogenic influence. The R-mode PCA, supported by R-mode CA, have revealed hydrogeochemical processes as the major sources of ions in the groundwater. Factor score plot revealed a possible flow direction from the northern sections of the study area, marked by higher topography, to the south. Compositional relations confirmed the predominant geochemical process responsible for the various ions in the groundwater as mineral dissolution and thus agree with the multivariate analysis.     

Research on quality changes and influencing factors of groundwater in the Guanzhong Basin

This paper studies the distribution features, the chemical elements beyond standards and the influencing factors of shallow groundwater quality in the Guanzhong Basin through the data monitored in the last twenty years. The final purpose is to comprehensively evaluate the divisions of groundwater quality in the Guanzhong Basin. Results show that , the groundwater quality is in good shape, and suitable for drinking. Drinking accounts for 16.02% of the total, most of which are distributed in the lubotan of Weibei. Some come from loess plateau of Qian-Liquan County and some are generated by the industrial pollution of Xingping City. Materials exceeding standards include chloride, sulfate, three nitrogen, fluoride, manganese, iron, hexavalent chromium and so on. The main factors influencing the quality of shallow groundwater include groundwater exploitation, natural background value of special components and precipitation, among which the groundwater exploitation poses the greatest impact. The depth of water is positively correlated with the concentration of sulfate, nitrate and total hardness.     

Hydrogeologic assessment of escalating groundwater exploitation in the Indus Basin, Pakistan

Groundwater development has contributed significantly to food security and reduction in poverty in Pakistan. Due to rapid population growth there has been a dramatic increase in the intensity of groundwater exploitation leading to declining water tables and deteriorating groundwater quality. In such prevailing conditions, the hydrogeological appraisal of escalating groundwater exploitation has become of paramount importance. Keeping this in view, a surface water–groundwater quantity and quality model was developed to assess future groundwater trends in the Rechna Doab (RD), a sub-catchment of the Indus River Basin. Scenario analysis shows that if dry conditions persist, there will be an overall decline in groundwater levels of around 10 m for the whole of RD during the next 25 years. The lower parts of RD with limited surface water supplies will undergo the highest decline in groundwater levels (10 to 20 m), which will make groundwater pumping very expensive for farmers. There is a high risk of groundwater salinization due to vertical upconing and lateral movement of highly saline groundwater into the fresh shallow aquifers in the upper parts of RD. If groundwater pumping is allowed to increase at the current rate, there will be an overall decline in groundwater salinity for the lower and middle parts of RD because of enhanced river leakage.     

地下水位生态环境效应及生态环境指标

地下水位开发利用对生态环境会产生巨大影响,本文主要研究与地下水位状况有密切联系的地下水位生态环境指标,如土壤含盐量、土壤含水量、地下水位矿化度、地下水位临界和控制地面沉降临界水位等,这些生态环境指标随时空动态变化,不同区域其生态环境指标临界值是有差异的。     

Hydrogeochemical characterization and quality assessment of groundwater using self-organizing maps in the Hangjinqi gasfield area,Ordos Basin,NW China

Water resources are scarce in arid or semiarid areas,which not only limits economic development,but also threatens the survival of mankind.The local communities around the Hangjinqi gasfield depend on groundwater sources for water supply.A clear understanding of the groundwater hydrogeochemical characteristics and the groundwater quality and its seasonal cycle is invaluable and indispensable for groundwater protection and management.In this study,self-organizing maps were used in combination with the quantization and topographic errors and K-means clustering method to investigate groundwater chemistry datasets.The Piper and Gibbs diagrams and saturation index were systematically applied to investigate the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater from both rainy and dry seasons.Further,the entropy-weighted theory was used to characterize groundwater quality and assess its seasonal variability and suitability for drinking purposes.Our hydrochemical groundwater dataset,consisting of 10 parameters measured during both dry and rainy seasons,was classified into 6 clusters,and the Piper diagram revealed three hydrochemical facies:Cl-Na type(clusters 1,2 and 3),mixed type(clusters 4 and 5),and HCO3-Ca type(cluster 6).The Gibbs diagram and saturation index suggested thatweathering of rock-forming mineralswere the primary process controlling groundwater chemical composition and validated the credibility and practicality of the clustering results.Two-thirds of 45 groundwater samples were categorized as excellent-or good-quality and were suitable as drinking water.Cluster changes within the same and different clusters from the dry season to the rainy season were detected in approximately 78%of the collected samples.The main factors affecting the groundwater quality were hydrogeochemical characteristics,and dry season groundwater quality was better than rainy season groundwater quality.Based on this work,such results can be used to investigate the seasonal variation of hydrogeochemical characteristics and assess water quality accurately in the others similar area.     

Aquifer vulnerability and groundwater quality in mega cities: case of the Mexico Basin

The aquifer system in the Metropolitan Zone of the Mexican Basin is comprised by a higher, middle, and a lower aquifer, separated by less permeable elements. This study integrated a geographical database from which aquifer vulnerability values were obtained using the SINTACS method. The results show the lowest vulnerability values in the lacustrine zone of the basin, where most of the urban area is settled. The medium vulnerability indices are at the edges of the basin and are associated with tuffs, pyroclasts and alluvial deposits. The highest vulnerability values are in the ranges bordering the basin. High water quality values are toward the limits of the basin and in the recharge zones while lower quality water is in the Tlahuac and Iztapalapa zones. The results of this study enable a cause–effect relationship to be established between potential sources of contamination and groundwater quality indices only for Tlahuac and Iztapalapa, a notable finding since most of the urban area is settled over low and very low vulnerability zones.