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1.
Sung-Soo Cha Jin-Yong Lee Dae-Hyuck Lee Eric Amantini Kang-Kun Lee 《Engineering Geology》2006,84(3-4):229-243
Feasibility of storing LNG in a lined rock cavern was evaluated using a pilot cryogenic rock cavern constructed in Daejeon, Korea. The pilot program included hydrogeological and engineering characterization of the rock mass around the cavern, design and construction of a drainage system, and pilot operation of the cryogenic cavern. An appropriate drainage system is most important to protect the containment system of LNG from thermal shocks due to ice lenses and hydrostatic pressure of groundwater. As a part of the pilot program, this study focused on the evaluation of hydraulic and engineering properties of the rock mass around the cavern. For this purpose, engineering logging of the rock cores, single and cross-hole hydraulic tests, and recharge/drainage tests were performed using seven drilled holes with different trends and plunges. Three main joint sets were found from the logging of the rock cores, acoustic borehole televiewer, and window mapping. The orientations of the three major joint sets were 60/209, 40/171, and 29/331, which can provide the main groundwater flow paths. Mean RQD values ranged from 56 to 88, which were classified as fair and good, although varying with depth along single boreholes. Hydraulic conductivity from the single and cross-hole hydraulic tests estimated in the order of 10−6 or 10−7 m/s and corresponding transmissivity ranged between 10−5 and 10−6 m2/s. Permeable intervals identified from the hydraulic tests were mostly located above the cavern roof. Below the roof, the permeable zone was difficult to observe. According to the hydraulic communication tests performed for some designated intervals, hydraulic connection between boreholes was highly varied with depth or location, which indicated a very different distribution of water conducting joint sets along the boreholes. When water was injected at R1 with constant or varying flow rates, monotonous and stable seepage was observed at observation boreholes. From this, some stable drainage was expected even in relatively heavy rainfalls. When designing the drainage system of the cavern, the drainage holes should be orientated to maximize frequency of encountering the major joint sets and the permeable intervals identified from this study. 相似文献
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Stability analysis of historic underground quarries 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This work, carried out at the Department of Civil, Environmental and Territory Engineering and Architecture (DICATeA) of the University of Parma, analyzes the stability conditions of the ancient underground quarries of Viggiù (Varese, Italy). The objective of the study is to verify the actual structural predisposition to instability phenomena of the old Viggiù quarries, within the context of a historical and cultural valorization and recovery of the ancient ornamental stone quarries. These quarries, that are now completely abandoned, could be used as a tourist attraction and/or as a teaching environment. They are a wonderful example of industrial architecture by presenting an audacious composition of filled in trenches and room and pillar techniques. An experimental campaign based on in situ measurements and laboratory measurements has been carried out to characterize the rock mass and to determine rock mass mechanical features. A numerical model of the entire rock mass has been developed in order to analyze the stability of the entire underground openings. A preliminary monitoring phase has been realized, aimed at controlling abandoned rock structure movements at the most significant discontinuities. Some measurements of the vertical stress in the pillars and in the walls have been performed, as well, and used for the model calibration. Once the model has been calibrated, the analysis of the actual stress and deformation conditions has been evaluated, the stability condition of the entire structure computed and a forecasting analysis of any intervention that could be realized to guarantee the underground public access has been performed. 相似文献
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The storage of petroleum products above ground surface has many constraints and limitations. A viable alternative is to excavate large underground spaces in rock to provide a safer way for oil storage. Soft rock formations such as salt domes provide suitable conditions from environmental and operational aspects. The potential for high volume storage and low permeability are among advantages of oil storage in caverns excavated in salt rocks. The complicated shape of oil storage caverns, complex behavior of salt rock, and boundary conditions associated with large underground openings are major challenges in the design of salt caverns excavated for oil storage purposes. In this study, the deformation mechanism and stability of salt caverns were investigated. A comprehensive 3D numerical study was carried out to investigate the effects of cavern size and depth, salt rock deformation modulus, and ground in‐situ stress regime on the behavior of large salt caverns. The stress field and deformation mechanisms were studied numerically aiming at shedding lights into the design aspects of salt caverns for oil storage. The analysis results show that the cavern safety factor is reduced as a function of cavern depth and storage volume. Also, with decrease in k (ratio of horizontal to vertical in‐situ stress), the stability of salt caverns will increase; however, with increase in salt rock young modulus, the sensitivity of cavern stability to k ratio is reduced. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A. Tu
rul 《Engineering Geology》1998,50(3-4):337-345
The Atatürk dam was built across the Firat River on clayey limestone. A grout curtain, providing impermeability in the left and right abutments, was done in grouting galleries. The well known rock mass classification systems for tunneling purposes [rock structure rating (RSR), rock mass rating (RMR) and rock mass quality index (Q)] were used to classify the rock mass along these galleries. Based on RSR, RMR and Q values, the rock masses in the galleries have been classified into three different classes. Correlation between the three classification systems is discussed and suggestions are made for using rockbolt, shotcrete with wiremesh and steel ribs for supporting the rock mass. 相似文献
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国内盐矿具有埋藏浅、盐层薄、夹层多、品位低等特点,导致盐岩地下储气库建设和运营面临诸多技术风险。在盐岩地下储气库风险因子模糊综合评价基础上,建立了层状盐岩储气库破坏、油气泄漏、地表沉降的3大事故风险层次分析模型,并构建了风险因子对3大事故影响程度判断矩阵;将建立的模型用于评价江苏金坛盐岩地下储库气的运营风险状况,确定出储气库3大事故风险因子影响权重分布和风险等级。研究结果表明:(1)储气库破坏应重点控制低压运行压力、运行时间和矿柱应力状态;(2)储气库泄漏应重点控制套管靴位置、夹层结合面滑动、高压运行压力和管道阀门受损;(3)储气库地表沉降应重点控制顶板厚度、低压运行压力和运行时间;(4)储气库破坏和泄漏属中等风险水平,储气库地表沉降属高风险水平。油气储库3大事故风险因子权重分布和风险等级的确定,为盐岩地下储气库风险调控提供了理论指导。 相似文献
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盐岩地下储气库风险分级机制初探 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
能源储备是国家重大战略需求,目前国内已经开始大规模兴建盐岩能源地下储库群,由于国内的盐岩储库地层具有埋深浅、盐层薄、夹层多、品位低等特点,导致建库难度大、运行风险高,因此,开展盐岩地下油气储库风险分析研究具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值。针对国内盐岩地下油气储库现状,在风险分析中引入功能设计理念,以体积收缩率作为储库运营期风险的单项分级指标,初步提出了地下油气储库运营风险分级机制的基本方法,以国内某盐岩地下储气库为例,通过流变计算获得不同储气内压变化条件下,储库风险随时间的变化规律,较好地验证了所提方法的合理性和有效性。 相似文献
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The current interest in the potential utilization of subsurface space for the storage of a wide variety of materials is responsive to the increasing pressures of environmental concerns, particularly as it applies to the development of urban or suburban space. These pressures, in conjunction with the continuing development of underground excavation technology, combine to provide a situation within which the concept of subsurface space utilization is becoming increasingly attractive relative to more conventional surface developments. Underground pumped storage is currently an economically viable alternative to the conventional above ground type of facility, and is made increasingly attractive by consideration of the reduced environmental impact, which the underground concept make possible. This paper is intended to provide an introduction to the engineering challenges of underground pumped storage, with particular reference to a limestone mine located some 671m below the ground surface and having a volume of 9.6 million m3. To this end, the paper presents the numerical modeling and analyses to establish a powerhouse setting that would provide both a structurally stable excavation under the loading conditions imposed by the high-pressure brine, and eliminate the possibility of significant brine inflow to the excavated caverns. 相似文献
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煤层气地面与井下一体化抽采三维可视化管理系统关键技术 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在对典型矿区不同储层条件下煤层气协调开发技术模式和地面与井下联合高效抽采技术分析总结的基础上,结合人工智能技术,实现了煤层气地面与井下一体化抽采三维可视化管理系统的智能化。根据煤层气地面与井下抽采系统中三维要素的不同特征,分别采用地面建筑物与抽采设备的3DMAX静态建模和基于钻孔数据的地质体动态建模。运用对原始数据进行解析控制插值算法的精度和视窗的消隐与裁剪等技术,实现了三维要素的多角度观察、放大、漫游、旋转、平移、叠加、剥离、透明和纹理处理等可视化功能。系统在晋城矿区寺河区块进行实际应用,取得了良好的效果。 相似文献
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目前全容式LNG储罐基础常采用低承台和高承台桩基2种形式。采用弹性振动理论,并考虑壳液耦联振动效应,对全容式储罐高、低承台桩基的抗震性能进行对比分析,给出了2种桩基础形式下全容式LNG储罐结构与基础的震动特性,包括自振周期、单桩水平地震力、抗倾覆性能、罐底周边单位长度上的提离力、储液晃动周期以及晃动波高等。分析表明,高承台桩基的水平地震响应大于低承台8.69%、垂直地震响应大于6.34%;低承台桩基的抗倾覆能力比高承台高12.11%,抗提离能力高于高承台储罐11.42%;高承台的自振周期高于低承台;低承台基础结构的抗震能力要优于高承台基础结构。其结论对桩基础全容式LNG储罐的设计与施工具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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盐岩地下储气库泥岩夹层分布与组构特性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以江苏金坛地下盐岩储气库为例,在区域地质与场地工程地质条件分析的基础上,通过盐岩及夹层分布与岩性分析、泥岩夹层全岩X光衍射试验、黏土矿物X光衍射试验及定量分析、泥岩夹层的粒度试验、崩解试验及水理试验研究表明,金坛地下储气库岩盐层夹层主要为层间夹层与层内夹层,盐岩层间夹层分布稳定,厚度较大,不溶物含量高;盐岩层内夹层层数多,厚度薄,分布不均,不溶物含量低。盐岩层间泥岩夹层的主要矿物为黏土矿物,黏土矿物的主要存在形式为伊利石/蒙脱石混成矿物;泥岩夹层主要为细粒颗粒;泥岩夹层沿层理面崩解,层状开裂软化,具有微膨胀性。对于储库水溶建腔速度、成腔形状与运营期的腔体蠕变具有重要影响。 相似文献
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西龙池抽水蓄能电站位于山西省五台县境内,总装机容量为1 200 MW,额定发电水头640 m。地下厂房开挖尺寸(长×宽×高)为149.3 m×23.5 m×49.0 m。厂区岩性为泥质鲕状灰岩、薄层条带状灰岩、薄层石英粉砂岩,近水平产状;厂房轴线与主要断层、裂隙成大角度相交。地下厂房围岩位移、锚杆应力呈明显各向异性特点,且边墙围岩位移平均值为 3.0 mm、锚杆应力平均值为45 MPa,均较小,构成了近水平薄层灰岩、粉砂岩互层岩体内地下厂房围岩位移、应力特点。 相似文献
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为了弥补传统瓦斯抽采监测系统区域化监测的不足,提出了以钻孔为监测单元构建钻孔瓦斯抽采监测系统,能够实时动态掌握各个钻孔在瓦斯抽采过程中的抽采效果,将大面积区域化测量转变为区域内部各钻孔的测量,实现了瓦斯抽采的精细化监测。针对钻孔瓦斯抽采监测系统需求,结合钻孔孔口处瓦斯抽采参数的特点,研制了一款矿用瓦斯抽采钻孔多参数监测装置,该装置具有超声波气体流量测量、非色散红外瓦斯浓度测量、压电陶瓷气体压力测量、铂电阻气体温度测量四参数于一体的实时数据采集功能,搭载了数据显示、数据存储、数据远程传输、数据Wi-Fi传输等功能性人机交互模块,并开发了瓦斯抽采分析软件、移动数据采集站两款配套软件。装置根据实际应用需求,结合行业相应计量标准,于具有国家计量检定资质的检验单位进行了计量检测,并在黄陵矿业公司二号煤矿进行了井下工业性试验,对装置的实际应用效果进行了验证。试验结果表明:矿用瓦斯抽采钻孔多参数监测装置的四项测量参数均满足相应行业标准的计量要求,可实现各项参数的准确测量,且该装置在实际井下应用中具有良好的工作可靠性与工作稳定性,达到了以钻孔为监测单元的瓦斯抽采监测目的,能够为瓦斯抽采评价提供有力的数据支撑。移动阅读 相似文献
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鉴于盐岩地下储库界面对储气(油)库稳定性和密闭性的重要影响,分别从细观和宏观方面对其变形与破损特性开展研究。细观方面:开展含界面盐岩的电镜扫描试验,分析表明:盐岩与夹层界面处颗粒结合紧密、相互嵌合,胶结良好,为储库密闭性提供有利条件。宏观方面:基于复合岩体理论构建层状盐岩交接界面的应力表达式,进而分析界面的变形及破损特性。分析表明,界面附近应力状态极为复杂,硬夹层对盐岩体具有约束锚固作用,且界面处易产生应力集中,进而诱发储库围岩体裂纹扩展直至破坏。综合细观、宏观分析表明,裂纹起裂机制和渗透通道形成是界面的细观结构特性及其应力状态共同影响的结果。研究成果为进一步分析地下盐岩储库的稳定性和密闭性提供一定参考。 相似文献
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地下水封石油洞库施工期围岩完整性参数敏感性分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
地下水封石油洞库是利用饱水岩体密封性进行石油储存的方式,保持围岩完整性对地下水封石油洞库建造具有至关重要的作用。以我国首个在建的大型不衬砌地下水封石油储备库建设项目为背景,运用弹塑性理论,在室内岩石三轴试验基础上,研究了花岗岩地层大型不衬砌地下水封石油洞库围岩完整性参数的敏感性。研究表明:采用剪胀起始点作为岩体屈服点,可进行围岩完整性分析;洞库围岩松动范围和程度对摩擦角的敏感性大于对剪胀角的敏感性;洞室中墙应力分布变化对摩擦角的敏感性大于对剪胀角的敏感性;拱顶沉降对摩擦角的敏感性要大于对剪胀角的敏感性,水平收敛对摩擦角和剪胀角均具有较强的敏感性。研究成果对地下石油洞库围岩完整性评价以及水封系统设计提供了重要依据 相似文献
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层状盐岩中储备库油气渗漏风险的故障树分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
油气渗漏是盐岩地下储备库事故的重要类型之一,具有突发性强、损失难以估计的特点。针对国内层状盐岩中储备库运营过程中的油气渗漏风险进行分析,揭示了油气渗漏事故的发生机制并建立了相应的故障树模型。通过对该模型的分析,找出了事故发生的各基本致因事件和故障模式,并得出适用于典型层状盐岩储备库油气渗漏事故的发生概率公式。分析结果表明,国内层状盐岩中储备库发生油气渗漏事故的可能故障模式有28种,且发生条件易于满足而难于防范,因此事故发生的可能性较大;按照各基本事件结构重要度的计算结果,盐岩强度低、盐岩蠕变过量、附近有断层、地震、造腔参数控制不当、非均匀地应力、人为操作失误等是层状盐岩中储备库油气渗漏事故的主要致因事件,并据此提出有效措施防止事故发生;通过专家调查法和故障树法的综合分析得出,金坛盐矿5口老腔储库在近10年的运营期内发生油气渗漏事故的概率为0.703%,属于偶发性事故。 相似文献
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良好的密闭性能是盐穴储气库安全运营的基本前提,但地质赋存条件复杂、建库实践不足、理论体系不完备等均会导致盐腔遭遇各类泄漏风险。根据国内外的工程实践及事故统计,再结合盐穴储库特有的工程地质条件和运行工况,总结出三大泄漏因素(地质因素、工程因素、人为失误)和4种泄漏类型。地下盐穴储气库潜在的泄漏类型有夹层密闭性不足引起的气体近水平漏失、盖层被突破失效致使气体上窜、井筒完整性不足致使气体逃逸、夹层与断层连通致使气体流向断层。最终,依据各自的泄漏特征提出了相应的预防处置措施,以防止气体泄漏事故的发生和大范围的蔓延。由于我国盐穴储库的发展暂时处于上升期,研究结果对深部盐穴储气库的安全建设具有一定的借鉴和指导意义。 相似文献
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