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氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定地球化学样品中痕量铋 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
样品经王水溶解后,加入KMnO4溶液氧化,草酸除去过量KMnO4后的体系,直接用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定地质样品中痕量Bi。方法使Au、Pd、As、Sb、Se、Te等元素的允许量大为提高,减少了不同测定体系中共存元素对Bi测定的干扰。方法的检出限(6s)为0.042μg/g,精密度(RSD,n=12)为1.88%~5.57%。经国家一级地质标准物质验证,测定值与标准值吻合。 相似文献
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利用ICP-MS研究桂林寨底地下河系统中碳酸盐岩稀土元素特征及其形成环境 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
氢化物发生与ICP-MS联用(HG-ICP-MS)可降低基体效应和多原子离子干扰,本文自制了一种与ICP-MS联用的氢化物发生装置,该装置采用三通将酸、碱和试样引入多接头的混合反应器中,再经自行设计的气液分离器随载气进入等离子体中,据此建立了HG-ICP-MS测定地质样品中稀散元素锗和碲的分析方法。实验中以20%盐酸+2%硼氢化钾(0.1%氢氧化钾介质)作为最佳氢化物发生反应体系,0.95 L/min为最佳载气流量,获得分析信号的灵敏度和稳定性较高,连续测定20次Ge和Te信号强度的相对标准偏差分别8.3%和2.1%,残余在ICP-MS中的Ge和Te信号强度在200 s内基本清洗完毕。Ge和Te检出限分别为0.007 μg/g和0.006 μg/g,其中Te检出限比采用敞口四酸溶样ICP-MS直接测定的检出限(0.1 μg/g)更低,应用于分析实际样品可给出准确结果。 相似文献
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多目标生态地球化学调查土壤样品中砷硒锑有效态分析方法的商榷 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
以0.10mol/L NaH2PO4和0.50mol/L NaHCO3为浸提剂,试验了其对土壤样品中As、Se、Sb的浸提效果;以氢化物发生-原子荧光法(HG-AFS)测定了浸提液中As、Se、Sb的含量。方法在武汉、宁镇测区应用试验表明:采用0.50mol/L的NaHCO3为As、Se、Sb的有效态浸提剂,以HG—AFS法测定其含量的方案可行,检出限分别为:0.006mg/kg、0.001mg/kg、0.002mg/kg。精密度试验,6个标准样品的RSD(n=12)As、Se、Sb均≤10.15%。 相似文献
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乙醇增强氢化物发生电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定砷锑铋硒和碲的研究 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
用自行改造的一种简单的连续氢化物发生系统,实现了与电感耦合等离子体质谱仪的联用。研究了该系统的分析性能,并以乙醇为信号增强剂建立了在折衷条件下不同时测定As,Sb,Bi,Se和Te的分析方法以及在预还原剂体系中同时测定As,Sb,Bi和在高CHl体系中单独测定Se的方法。 相似文献
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应用氢化物-原子荧光光谱法同时测定化探样品中的Bi和Se,用1:1王水处理样品,在10%的盐酸介质中测定Bi、Se,其检出限分别为0.0005μg/mL和0.0002μg/mL.本方法具有一次熔矿便可以同时测定Bi、Se的含量,且具操作简单、快速、基体干扰少、灵敏度高、其结果稳定、可靠、节省试剂等特点,适用于大批化探样品中Bi、Se同时联测. 相似文献
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电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定纯铜中多种杂质元素 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定纯铜中的Fe、P、Cd、Co、Mn、Ni、Pb、Zn、As、Sb、Bi、Sn、S、Ag、Se、Cr、Si、Mg、Te、Al、Ti、Hg、Be、Zr、B等25种杂质元素,并以差减法计算基体铜的含量,实现了对试样基体及杂质元素含量的同时测定。以基体匹配法配制工作曲线,有效地消除基体干扰。结果表明该方法对25种杂质元素的回收率在94~103.5%,相对标准偏差低于3.0%。方法简单、快速,测定结果满意。 相似文献
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无载气氢化物原子吸收法测定化探样品中砷锑铋 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
本文在氢化物原子吸收法中使用了防爆鸣试剂碳酸氢钠溶液,解决了由于无载气时氢化物发生系统中存在空气而引起回火爆鸣的问题,完成化探样品中砷、锑、铋的测定。测定砷、锑、铋的灵敏度(1%吸收)依次为1.17ng,0.58ng,1.76ng。其相应的检出限依次为6.83ng,5.3ng,14.3ng。在拟定的条件下测定0.1μAs,0.05μg Sb,0.1μg Bi各10次以上。其信号的相对标准偏差(%)分别为3.14,5.33,7.14。 相似文献
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本文研究了双毛细管雾化器氢化物-火焰原子吸收法测定地质样品中痕量Se和Te的方法。测定Se、Te的灵敏度分别为0.012μg/ml和0.0088μg/ml(1%吸收);对含1.6ppm Se与0.42ppm Te的样品测定,其RSD(n=6)分别为3.3%和5.5%。方法简单、灵敏、实用。用GSS及GSD系列部分标样验证了方法的可靠性,可以测定一般地质样品中0.0001%以上的Se和0.0000x%以上的Te。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献