基于CUDA的射电天文多相滤波器组设计

采用图形处理器和最新的通用并行计算架构设计了射电天文多相滤波器组,并对其性能指标进行了测试和分析。利用图形处理器强大的浮点数计算和高效并行执行能力实现了多相滤波器、快速傅里叶变换算法加速,改善了多相滤波器组算法的执行效率。实验结果表明,设计的多相滤波器组具有一定的灵活性和可扩展性,能够实现射电信号的高速滤波及信道化,可有效提高射电望远镜数字终端算法的并行数据处理能力和计算效率。     

基于Matlab/Simulink的天线系统自适应滤波器的仿真实现

为了使天线系统接收和显示的信号更清晰,达到消除系统噪声和电磁干扰的目的,针对中国科学院新疆天文台南山观测基地对射电天文观测和深空探测(探月工程和火星探测)的特殊要求,利用Matlab/Simulink强大的数值计算与仿真功能实现了一种依据自适应方法滤除噪声的滤波器。首先选择脉冲星1910+0728和1913-0440的观测信号为滤波参考信号。在Matlab上通过编写M文件设计了滤波算法并有效滤除了噪声。然后运用Simulink进行建模仿真,通过不断改变系统阶数与步长找到了滤波效果最好的自适应滤波器,确定了其最优参数为8阶,迭代步长为0.005。实验表明在这种阶数和步长下,滤波器能在保证快速滤波的前提下有效地还原接收信号的轮廓,将偏差降到最小。仿真最终结果表明自适应滤波器滤波效果良好,实用性强,满足了射电天文观测和探月的需求。     

基于FPGA的数字匹配滤波器的实现

对数字匹配滤波器的原理和结构进行了简要的介绍,重点给出了在现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)中数字匹配滤波器倒置结构的硬件实现.通过对设计电路的实时仿真表明:该数字匹配滤波器具有捕获精度高、速度快的特点,可应用于其它扩频系统的数字接收机中.     

基于FPGA的高速FIR数字滤波器设计的改进方法

在高速有限冲击响应(Finite Impulse Response,FIR)数字滤波器的设计中,随着滤波器阶数的增加,保持数据流速率和有效使用硬件资源成为设计的一个重点和难点。基于高速并行有限冲击响应数字滤波器的基本原理,提出了一种将位平面法、正则有符号系数(Canonical-Signed Digit,CSD)编码算法和抽取算法应用于并行有限冲击响应数字滤波器的改进方法。设计通过Matlab仿真,在Quartus II中编译、仿真、综合后下载到现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)中进行测试,结果显示,这种改进方法较好地解决了滤波器阶数和数据流速率与硬件资源之间的关系。     

数字滤波技术应用于VLBI数据采集的方法

在VLBI(VeryLongBaselineInterferometry)数据采集终端中,用数字滤波代替模拟滤波有其显著的优势。本文首先介绍了国外在VLBI数据采集终端中采用数字滤波的进展情况,然后阐述了数字滤波在系统中的实现方案。实现数字滤波的关键是信号处理的速度,降低运算量是实现快速处理的关键,本文给出了实现FIR数字滤波器的3种结构,并在运算量方面进行了分析和比较。在这基础上,还对数字滤波的2种系统实现方案进行了具体分析。高性能的FPGA(FieldProgrammablegateArray)芯片是实现数字滤波器的较好选择,文章最后给出了基于FPGA芯片、用查表(LUT:LookUpTable)的方式实现的数字滤波系统框图。     

用于VLBI数字基带转换的多相滤波技术研究

该文阐述了利用低通滤波器和多相滤波器技术实现VLBI数字基带转换的原理,建立了采用多相滤波器与FFT技术的数字基带转换系统的仿真模型;然后对本模型的算法复杂度进行了分析和比较;最后对该模型的正确性进行了仿真实验验证.     

一种基于广义延拓逼近的动态滤波方法初步研究

从广义延拓逼近原理出发,提出了一种动态滤波方法,构造了滤波器模型与算法框架,并推导给出了相应的求解方法和流程。通过在一段移动平滑窗口内构造和求解广义延拓插值多项式,实现对系统状态量的时间转移,具有更好的平滑效果。数据窗口内插值点的位置及数量均可灵活选取,从而通过锁定最新观测点或最准确的先验观测点,实现更高的精度和抗差能力。在此基础上,对方法可行性与性能进行了仿真计算和验证,结果表明,在高斯噪声和非高斯噪声状态下均获得了优于卡尔曼滤波器(Kalmen Filtering, KF)的性能,具有较大的发展潜力和应用价值。     

基于加权滤波的低信噪比LAMOST光纤光谱信号降噪

针对低信噪比条件下光谱抽取精度较低的问题,对输入二维光谱图像进行预处理,提出了一种在Wigner时频域加权滤波的方法进行光纤光谱信号降噪,改善低信噪比的光谱数据质量。针对传统低通滤波不能滤除通带内混叠噪声的缺陷,采用Wigner变换获取光谱信号高集中度的时频分布。先构建带通滤波器滤除较分散的明显噪声分量,再针对通带部分设计加权滤波器,根据信号的先验信噪比进行非线性处理,最后利用Wigner变换的边缘特性重构有效信号。实验部分采用大天区面积多目标光纤光谱望远镜(the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope,LAMOST)系统的仿真和实测数据验证算法的有效性。     

一种基于GNSS的可驯频标的设计与实现

重点介绍了GNSS可驯频标软件设计方法。在软件设计中,采用了滑动中位数方法以滤除测量数据中的奇异值;利用了Kalman滤波器对测量时差数据进行滤波以抑制测量噪声;提出了一种改进型的压控电压产生方法。采用GPS定时接收机1 PPS信号作为参考基准,对原来准确度为1×10-9恒温晶振进行驯服,驯服后频率准确度优于2×10-11。     

数字滤波技术应用于VLBI数据采集的方法

在VLBI(Very Long Baseline Interferometry)数据采集终端中，用数字滤波代替模拟滤波有其显著的优势。本文首先介绍了国外在VLBI数据采集终端中采用数字滤波的进展情况，然后阐述了数字滤波在系统中的实现方案。实现数字滤波的关键是信号处理的速度，降低运算量是实现快速处理的关键，本文给出了实现Fm数字滤波器的3种结构，并在运算量方面进行了分析和比较。在这基础上，还对数字滤波的2种系统实现方案进行了具体分析。高性能的FPGA(Field Programmable gate Array)芯片是实现数字滤波器的较好选择，文章最后给出了基于FPGA芯片、用查表(LUT：Look Up Table)的方式实现的数字滤波系统框图。     

Zur Auswertung astronomischer Aufnahmen mit dem automatischen Flächenphotometer

By measuring astronomical plates point by point by a microdensitometer information of very high redundancy is provided together with considerable noise due to the grains of the emulsion. In order to get astronomically relevant parameters the signal has to be separated from this noise and the data should be compressed. A chain of processing steps is described and analysed the crucial part of which being a variable twodimensional filter. This filter fits automatically its own band width to the incoming signal and reduces the number of data considerably (up to a factor of about 100). It is based on a modified HAAR transform and can be implemented easily on a relatively small processor working on line with the microdensitometer. The optimal separation of the noise is accomplished by a further variable digital filter (twodimensional KALMAN filter performed on an universal computer) the band width of which is also steered by the HAAR filter. The stars and galaxies in a larger field of the plate are picked up in the domain of the HAAR transform. Finally, the astronomically relevant parameters (coordinates and brightness of stars; furthermore diameter, axial ratio, position angle, perturbation, bright core et al. for galaxies) are obtained from the expansion of the intensity distribution into potential moments. The method is applicable e.g. to the determination of the brightness or colour distribution in a single galaxy or to the photometry of all stars and galaxies in a large part of the plate. The star photometry is obtained by integrating the intensity distribution of each object, if the characteristic curve of the plate is known from a calibration wedge copied onto the plate. Then no photoelectric sequency across the whole brightness range under consideration is needed besides of the zero point of the magnitude scale.     

GPS接收机的中频信号处理算法研究

该文对GPS接收机的中频信号处理算法进行了研究,内容主要涉及信号捕获、载波恢复和伪码跟踪3部分,详细分析了信号捕获过程中所采用的匹配滤波器法、快速傅里叶算法(FFT)、锁频环(FLL)、锁相环(PLL)以及延迟锁定环(DLL)的算法原理,并对环路滤波器作了相应的阐述,给出环路对应的递推公式．     

Evaluation of the effect of equal power spectrum filtering in image restoration

The effectiveness of equal power spectrum filtering in image restoration is analyzed via digital simulation. We start with a gray-scale map of concentric rings with different grey values. To obtain a dirty image, the original image is first transformed via a linear space-invariant system. Then, white noise is mixed into the image. The equal power spectrum filter is then used for the image restoration. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) and a defined steepness of the steps, together with the visual impression, are accepted to characterize the performance of the image restoration. It is concluded that a satisfactory restoration can be realized when the SNR > 15. When SNR < 5, the image is completely un-restorable. The effect of system's transfer function on image restoration is also discussed. The effectiveness of the presented model of equal power spectrum filter is confirmed by applying it to the restoration of an actual astronomical image. Finally, a typical application of the equal power spectrum filter is given.     

Digital array scanned interferometers for astronomy

We report investigations of digital array scanned interferometers (DASI) with silicon CCD array detectors to define the operational capabilities of a mapping (polarimetric) spectrometer for astronomical applications based on these instruments. For spectral mapping, we demonstrate spatially resolved spectra using a cylindrical lens to image in the interferometer's redundant coordinate. We demonstrate enhanced spectral resolution with a band limiting filter and standard aliasing techniques. The signal-to-noise characteristics of the Fourier transformed data are demonstrated with regard to the effects of a rectangular sampling function, spectral multiplexing and the pixel-to-pixel variation of the CCD array.These data indicate that DASIs can offer simple, versatile (polarization) mapping spectrometers suitable for spectral mapping observations from the ultraviolet to the infrared of extended sources at variable spatial resolution, particularly where long term stable operation is essential, as for spaceraft instruments.This research was supported by NASA under grants NAGW-122 and NAGW-1801.     

2.16m望远镜红外自适应光学系统的误差和性能分析

在自适应光学系统中，波前探测器的噪声、未完全补偿湍流所引起的误差以及变形镜的拟合误差是主要的误差源．本文针对已经建立的2．16m望远镜红外自适应光学系统，从伺服控制系统的角度分析了该系统的闭环噪声、大气湍流引起的误差以及该系统的闭环总体误差．该系统的闭环总体误差是光强及系统闭环带宽的函数．本文还分析了该系统的有效性以及对大气湍流不同改善程度情况下光强与闭环带宽的关系．并在此基础上给出了该系统的最佳带宽选取及系统的极限工作星等．     

MOA-cam3: a wide-field mosaic CCD camera for a gravitational microlensing survey in New Zealand

We have developed a wide-field mosaic CCD camera, MOA-cam3, mounted at the prime focus of the Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA) 1.8-m telescope. The camera consists of ten E2V CCD4482 chips, each having 2k×4k pixels, and covers a 2.2 deg² field of view with a single exposure. The optical system is well optimized to realize uniform image quality over this wide field. The chips are constantly cooled by a cryocooler at ??80° C, at which temperature dark current noise is negligible for a typical 1–3 min exposure. The CCD output charge is converted to a 16-bit digital signal by the GenIII system (Astronomical Research Cameras Inc.) and readout is within 25 s. Readout noise of 2–3 ADU (rms) is also negligible. We prepared a wide-band red filter for an effective microlensing survey and also Bessell V, I filters for standard astronomical studies. Microlensing studies have entered into a new era, which requires more statistics, and more rapid alerts to catch exotic light curves. Our new system is a powerful tool to realize both these requirements.     

一种C波段射频滤波器的设计

介绍了一种应用于C波段接收机射频前端,并利用耦合微带线设计的射频滤波器。利用ADS软件的仿真结果验证了所设计的射频滤波器具有如下特性：中心频率为C1；80MHz通带内信号起伏较小；噪声系数约1.8dB；能有效抑制镜像信号干扰,满足设计要求。     

RF Design of a Wideband CMOS Integrated Receiver for Phased Array Applications

New silicon CMOS processes developed primarily for the burgeoning wireless networking market offer significant promise as a vehicle for the implementation of highly integrated receivers, especially at the lower end of the frequency range proposed for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). An RF-CMOS ‘Receiver-on-a-Chip’ is being developed as part of an Australia Telescope program looking at technologies associated with the SKA. The receiver covers the frequency range 500–1700 MHz, with instantaneous IF bandwidth of 500 MHz and, on simulation, yields an input noise temperature of < 50 K at mid-band. The receiver will contain all active circuitry (LNA, bandpass filter, quadrature mixer, anti-aliasing filter, digitiser and serialiser) on one 0.18 μm RF-CMOS integrated circuit. This paper outlines receiver front-end development work undertaken to date, including design and simulation of an LNA using noise cancelling techniques to achieve a wideband input-power-match with little noise penalty.     

1.2--2.2 GHz宽带低噪声放大器研制

为检测微弱的射电信号,要求望远镜接收机噪声性能良好.低噪声放大器(Low Noise Amplifier, LNA)作为接收机前端关键电路,其噪声系数和增益决定了整机的噪声性能.设计了一款1.2–2.2 GHz的低噪声放大器,电路采用两级级联结构,第2级通过引入负反馈,在改善增益平坦度和拓宽带宽的同时减小噪声,级间经过后级输入阻抗优化后仅需一个隔直电容.并引入有损输出匹配网络,实现高增益、低噪声、良好回波损耗和较为平坦的宽带LNA设计.测试结果表明,在1.2–2.2 GHz频段增益30–33 dB,噪声温度平均值为47 K,输出1 d B压缩点大于11.3 dBm.测试性能良好,可用于该频段接收机系统中.