长毛对虾、短沟对虾和日本对虾的染色体研究

目前,利用高新技术,如实行生殖和遗传操作进行对虾品种改良的设想正在中国、美国、澳大利亚和日本等国加紧实施,但对虾遗传和生殖学研究尚欠深入,限制了这项研究的进展。其中对虾染色体知识的贫乏和研究技术的短缺就是突出的一例。     

Electrophoretic and meristlc separation of blue maomao and sweep P. J. Smith,B. A. Wood,and P. G. Benson

Fourteen proteins and 12 morphometric characters were examined in specimens of blue maomao and sweep to resolve the question: Are they one or two species? Specimens were fixed for the same alleles at 12 protein loci and shared alleles at 4 polymorphic loci. At a further polymorphic locus they differed in allele frequency and at three loci they did not share alleles. A genetic distance of 0.209 was found between blue maomao and sweep suggesting that they diverged about 1 million years ago. One meristic character showed a difference between specimens.

On the basis of the electrophoretic data and on gill raker counts it is considered that blue maomao and sweep are two separate species. In view of reported differences from Australian specimens the allocation of scientific names at least to sweep remains uncertain.     

Effect of wharves on intertidal assemblages on seawalls in Sydney Harbour, Australia

Worldwide, urbanisation has resulted in extensive replacement of natural habitats with man-made habitats. In Sydney Harbour, Australia, approximately half of the natural foreshore has been replaced by seawalls. Many of these have wharves built over part of their length, which could affect intertidal assemblages on seawalls beneath the wharves. This was tested by sampling and comparing assemblages under and not under wharves in Sydney Harbour. Assemblages differed between the two habitats, with greater cover of macro-algae and abundance of grazing molluscs on seawalls without a wharf and, to a lesser extent, greater cover of sessile invertebrates on seawalls under a wharf. There was, however, considerable spatial variability among locations in composition of assemblages and the species dominating differences between the two habitats. The impact of multiple artificial structures in close proximity and the variability among apparently homogeneous artificial habitats must be considered for the management of urbanised estuaries.     

Australian maritime boundaries: the Australian Antarctic Territory

Australia will include the Australian Antarctic Territory in its November 2004 submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. It is the first Claimant State to attempt delimitation of an extended continental shelf zone there. This paper investigates the complexity of Australia's Antarctic maritime boundaries from political, legal and practical perspectives that have hitherto been purely hypothetical. It concludes that the practical component is achievable, though complex, and will serve as a precedent for other Antarctic Claimant States. Irrespective of whether or not the submission succeeds, it will serve as a valuable lesson, legally and politically.     

First record of Australian bonito,Sarda Australis,from New Zealand

The range of the Australian bonito, Sarda australis (Macleay, 1880), previously known only from eastern Australia and Norfolk Island, is now extended to include New Zealand. Data on two specimens examined from northern New Zealand are presented.     

南疆博斯腾湖近12.OkaB.P.以来古气候与古水文状况的变化

对南疆博斯腾湖湖相沉积物多手段的综合研究，揭示了近12.0kaB.P.以来古气候与古水文状况的变化过程与特征。结果表明，其气候的演化特征具有明显的西风型环境演变特征。研究还发现气候于12.0ka、10.0ka、4.0ka和1.5kaB.P.存在显著的阶梯式增暖变干特征，其中暖峰主要出现于11.5—11.0ka、9.4ka、7.5—7.0ka、6.5—6.0ka、3.0ka和2.0kaB.P.，气候特征以干暖为主，湖泊水文特征总体表现为盐度增加、水位下降、湖面缩小；而冷峰主要出现于11.0—10.0ka、8.8ka、5.0—4.5ka、3.3ka和1.5kaB.P.，此时湖泊膨胀淡化，湖面上升。在7.0—5.0kaB.P.期间出现的相对暖湿环境特征可能是全新世大暖期最盛期暖湿气候特征的反映，可能与此时西南夏季风势力增强有关，湖泊水文状况明显变好。     

中国对虾、墨吉对虾和长毛对虾仔虾的发育比较研究

中国海域已报道的约90种对虾中,半数具有经济价值。其中中国对虾、墨吉对虾和长毛对虾无论在捕捞还是在养殖业上都具有十分重要的地位。由于3种虾的形态非常相近,特别是在早期生活史阶段,它们的幼体和仔虾很难区分,因而给对虾种群补充、预报和其它有关研究造成困难。尤其在热带海域,对虾生殖季节重叠,幼体和仔虾的鉴别更加重要,各期仔虾的数量统计需以严格的形态鉴别作为依据。作者对三种对虾的幼体的形态,区别已有专文报道(Liu and Liu,1994)。本文深入细致地研究了中国对虾、墨吉对虾和长毛对虾仔虾的发育形态学,并进行了比较,使3种对虾的仔虾得以区别,并为今后的对虾生态学研究及资源管理奠定基础,提供依据。     

新种紫菜——青岛紫菜的描述

本文报道了一种产自黄海胶州湾沿岸的紫菜新种——青岛紫菜Porphyraqingdaoensis Tseng et Zheng Baofu,sp.nov。藻体呈鲜艳的紫红色,生长潮位较低,可固着在多种红藻藻体上生长,如石花菜Gelidium atnansii Lamx、扁江蓠Gracilaria textorii(Sur)De-Toni、角叉藻Chondrus ocellatus Holm.等。将标本着重与真紫菜亚属Subgenus Porphyra、全缘紫菜组section Edentata Tseng et Chang的条斑紫菜Povphyra yezoensis Ueda 及其它几种紫菜全面地进行了形态等多方面的比较研究,确认为一新种紫菜。新种紫菜的特征是,藻体膜状,单层细咆,雌雄同体,细条状的、淡黄色的精子囊器群散乱地镶嵌在深紫红色的果孢子囊群之间。模式标本保存于中国科学院海洋研究所植物标本室。