国外葡萄酒旅游对我国茶旅游发展的启示

基于研究文献总结出国外葡萄酒旅游发展中取得的经验,即产业互渗集群发展、行业组织积极作为、政府及其主管部门多方支持、开展地窖口的销售、设计开发葡萄酒路径、举办葡萄酒旅游节庆等.这些经验对中国茶旅游发展的启示有:充分发挥政府及其主管部门的区域管理职能、重视社区参与、以游客体验为中心设计产品、借助茶博会营销茶旅游,以及多元横向整合和节庆带动等.     

Geoecological approach to infrastructural development of hiking trails in federal-level SPNA (as exemplified by the Baikalskii nature reserve)

The comprehensive utilization of the technique for substantiating the promotion of hiking tourism, with emphasis on infrastructural development to ease access to recreational sites for different categories of visitors. The goal of using specialized hiking trails is to furnish a means of acquiring a familiarity with the unique landscapes of the Khamar-Daban mountain range. The technique contains four consecutive stages, and their implementation is illustrated in terms of the model territory. An analysis is made of the socioeconomic and geoecological characteristics of the Baikalskii Biosphere Reserve, which, together with landscape assessment, serves as a basis for the generation of the zoning map for possibilities and restrictions as regards the promotion and development of hiking tourism. A zoning is provided, which takes into consideration the possibilities of hiking tourism, based on assessing a territory’s transport accessibility, estimating the cost of preparing a trail of each class, and on the geoecological characteristics of landscape. The map that identifies seven zones of different-intensity transformation of the territory for an integral development of hiking tourism is used in making recommendations for the preparation of hiking trails in the Baikalskii Nature Reserve. The landscapes are combined into zones according to the degree of suitability for the construction of trails of different classes. The algorithm for preparation of trails consisting of 10 consecutive stages (three stages of planning, and seven stages of preparation) is applied for a number of linear features. The most suitable classes of preparation are indicated for these trails, in accordance with the characteristics of landscapes and engineering restrictions within their boundaries.     

Birdwatching tourism infrastructure planning in the Ria Formosa Natural Park (Portugal)

We investigated the Ria Formosa Natural Park located in the lagoon of the same name; it is famous for a great diversity of bird species and offers outstanding possibilities for the development of a special type of ecological tourism, birdwatching, that attracts birdwatchers from across the globe. It is shown that the existing natural resources on this territory should be complemented by an appropriate infrastructure and the rules in order to ensure tourism sustainability and development in connection with a high ecological significance of the territory and a heavy demand from visitors. Using landscape approach and methods of geoinformationbased landscape-interpretation mapping, extrapolating the density of different bird species, calculating integral indicators for assessing ornithological resources as well as infrastructure development techniques, we undertook a planning procedure of the birdwatching tourism infrastructure, including trails and observation points. As initial data, we used vegetation and soil maps, topographic maps, space images, data on the density of bird species in different biotopes, and field investigations. We generated the population density maps for each bird species as well as the biotope assessment map for all bird species, based on calculating the sum of the products of densities of each species by the ecological value of the species. Also, the landscape map was used to develop the territorial zoning map, having regard to the possibilities and limitations of constructing trails of different classes. Using spatial cross-matching of the assessment maps for ornithological resources and the trail zoning map, we identified places holding promise for the construction of the birdwatching tourism infrastructure. It is shown that the suggested method provides a means of making a proximate assessment of the territory from different perspectives, based on knowledge of a territory’s landscape structure; it is a prompt and inexpensive technique as contrasted to field investigations of the entire territory; however, it calls for further detailed investigation into promising areas.     

The significance of the physical environment of the Macquarie Marshes

This paper explores the significance of the Macquarie Marshes, in particular providing an overview of their physical attributes. Previous literature has generally been restricted to specific fields and much is unpublished ‘grey’ literature. This paper emphasises the importance of this internationally recognised wetland, both as a complete ecosystem, and for specific landscape, water‐quality filtering, vegetation and fauna attributes. It provides an extended summary of the area and of its 1997 status. By summarising previous research, it provides a base from which future research can be scoped.     

南通市建设用地扩张情景模拟与景观生态效应

选择城镇化进程快速、区位条件特殊的南通市作为案例,集成CLUE-S模型与Auto-logistic回归模型构建适合不同情景的建设用地扩张的动态分布模型。通过1987年以来遥感影像获取的4个时段的南通市建设用地增长时空特征分析提取先验知识规则,模拟在基准、经济发展、生态保护等情景下建设用地增长与空间布局,通过景观学知识分析其空间扩张的生态效应。结果表明,1987年以来,南通市建设用地扩张剧烈,空间上围绕城区和乡镇中心快速蔓延,呈现“轴线增长-内部填充”交替的周期性波动规律。Kappa系数与模拟正确率（PCM）显示,构建的复合集成模型具有较高的可靠性,能够应用于对未来建设用地空间分布的模拟。模拟结果显示未来建设用地扩张集中在城镇周边,其中在经济发展情景下还有向东部沿海滩涂扩展的趋势。由于扩张剧烈,在建设用地集中区呈现出融合成更大面积分布区的现象。建设用地空间扩张的斑块密度和景观形状指数均较高,景观格局趋于不稳定,破碎化相对严重。     

中越边境乡村民居景观的符号象征与认同建构——广西龙州县边境乡村案例

以广西龙州县边境乡村的法式民居景观为例,从历史的角度分析法式民居景观兴盛的缘由,并探讨其象征意义及认同建构。研究发现,法式民居景观作为承载文化意义的符号,是财富和社会地位的象征;又因其宫殿式形态,成为当地人幻想更大权欲以获得自我满足的源泉。此外,法式民居景观强化了当地村民对自身身份的认同建构,并唤起了他们对历史的缅怀、对家的归属感和对地方的认同感。研究既是对新文化地理学关于景观研究向社会文化意义转向的例证,也是对新文化地理学中关于地方、景观与认同关系研究的回应。     

论旅游资源中石灰华景观的形态建成过程--以四川九寨沟和贵州黄果树等地石灰华群为例

在众多风景旅游资源中,石灰华景观以其独特壮丽的形态为世人所瞩目,并引发出一系列对其成因的解释。本文通过对四川九寨沟和贵州黄果树等旅游地区的石灰华景观进行考察和研究,认为,石灰华景观的形态建成过程主要是受生物、地形和水文的共同控制。其中,生物的控制作用处于十分重要或中心地位,生物(蓝藻、绿藻等低等生物)通过与沉积物颗粒紧密结合形成的藻席的成层加积和侧向延伸生长,与地形、水文等因素一起共同引导和控制着石灰华景观的形成和发育规模。文中提出了旅游资源中瀑华和坝华等主要石灰华景观的形态建成过程模式,为石灰华景观旅游资源的科学保护提出理论依据。     

中国葡萄酒产业生命周期判别与峰值

结合计算判断法和经验对比法,构建了葡萄酒产业生命周期模型,从产业规模、产业市场结构、技术进步与效率以及政府角色四个维度出发,对中国葡萄酒产业发展阶段进行综合评判。应用皮尔生长曲线测算了中国葡萄酒产业各阶段演进时间、产业发展规模与速度以及产业峰值。结果表明,中国葡萄酒产业正处于成长期早期阶段,并在产品研发、产品市场消费结构、技术创新、产业组织提升等方面正进入一个重大的调整与升级时期。2013年和2019年分别为中国葡萄酒产业发展的"起飞点"与"飞跃点"。2026年开始中国葡萄酒产业将进入成熟期,届时产值将达到1 216.598×108元,并不断趋于产业饱和值1 541.949×10⁸元,未来产业发展空间巨大。本研究对制订与产业生命周期阶段相吻合的政策,以实现产业的长期动态协调与均衡发展具有重要意义。     

Landscape position and spatial patterns in the distribution of land use within the southern Appalachian Mountains

Understanding the forces that influence the distribution of land use and land-use change (LUC) is an essential step in developing effective strategies for managing these issues. We examined the influence of landscape position on spatial patterns in land-use distribution within the Little Tennessee River Basin (LTRB) of the southern Appalachian Mountains. We show that landscape position, defined with respect to both natural and anthropogenic spatial variables, provides for the identification of statistically significant differences in the distribution of common forms of land use in the study region. Using the same variables, significant differences in the landscape positions subject to land-use change in the LTRB are also examined. These results suggest landscape position exerts a strong influence on the distribution of different forms of land use and the likeliness of given area undergoing LUC. The approach presented here, of considering land use as a function of landscape position that responds to both natural and anthropogenic forces, may prove useful in aiding the development of future strategies to address the consequences of land use in many regions.     

历史文化街区游客的地方感特征——以广州荔枝湾涌为例

近年来历史文化街区成为中国城市旅游的热点,但其过于商业化的发展模式也受到普遍质疑。文章以广州荔枝湾涌为例,采用问卷调查,分别从景观环境、社会人文、旅游功能和地方依恋等4个维度对游客的地方感特征进行了分析,发现随着年龄的增长,文化水平的提高,游客更为关注景区的社会人文环境和景区给予的情感体验;逗留时间越长,对景区环境的评价更低;随着客源地距离的增加,游客的地方依恋逐渐下降。进而指出环境质量的提升使游客对荔枝湾涌的风景与环境有了较高的感知与认同,在对历史文化、景区特色及旅游秩序满意的同时,也表现出了对文化遗产保护效果、景区的商业及其他配套服务功能的失望。进一步提出历史文化街区的旅游发展,应充分挖掘和展示地方独特的文化特质,加强地方性营造,完善配套设施,合理确定旅游市场定位,挖掘旅游发展潜力。在传承城市历史文化的同时,增强城市历史文化旅游的特色和持续吸引力。     

The politics of perspective: subjects,exhibits, and spectacle in Taksim Square,Istanbul

Istanbul’s Taksim Square has long been a place from which people have envisioned the city and the nation. As such, it has a long history of architectural interventions. This essay describes three new interventions as they appeared in July2018, two years after the failed coup attempt of 15July2016: a municipal complex commemorating the resistance to the coup attempt; the juxtaposition of a memorial photo exhibit and the void of the Atatürk Culture Center; and the rapid construction of the Taksim Mosque. Drawing on conceptualizations of landscape and scholarship on Taksim Square’s contested meanings, this paper utilizes the “politics of perspective” as an analytical lens to examine how authorities are attempting to create anew way of seeing in the city. I argue that this project has acquired a new character in the aftermath of the coup attempt, placing viewers within the landscape rather than outside it.     

Pluriactivity in (and beyond?) a Regulationist Crisis

The study of rural pluriactivity in New Zealand has been based on the assumption that it is a temporary phenomenon: a survival strategy in times of crisis. This paper seeks to position both pluriactivity and ‘rural crisis’ in a more sound theoretical framework by referring to recent work in regulation theory. Case studies from the Mid-Canterbury and Catlins areas are used to suggest the role that pluriactivity may fulfil in any future mode of growth in rural New Zealand. In doing so, questions are raised regarding rural ideology and agency in the process of economic change.     

居民对遵义红色旅游商业街中书法景观的认同度研究

文化地理学作为人文地理学的重要分支, 是学者们广泛关注的热点, 但鲜有研究涉及居民对文化景观的感知和认同问题。本文选取了中国传统文化代表--书法景观为研究切入点, 根据地方感理论构建了假设模型, 提出了17 个假设影响路径。根据遵义会议会址景区及周围红色旅游商业街中书法景观的居民感知调查数据, 构建了居民书法景观感知的结构方程模型。分析结果验证了居民感知态度与文化认同的递进性, 拒绝了部分研究假设。同时, 在书法景观功能感知的5 个维度:经济获益、环境审美、场所识别、景观原真性和行为导向中, 经济获益和景观原真性是居民文化认同的决定性因素。研究结果体现了原真性元素在城市文化景观中的核心地位, 验证文化景观对城市经济建设不可或缺的推动作用, 对城市文化景观保护和规划管理具有重要的指导和借鉴意义。     

Spatial history of kauri driving dam placement in the Kauaeranga Valley,Coromandel Peninsula

Understanding past anthropogenic influences on fluvial systems is an integral part of riverine research. In this paper the spatial history of kauri driving dam placement from the 1870s to the 1930s is studied using oral histories, historic documents and GIS in an attempt to assess the accuracy of historical accounts in reference to dam position in the landscape and assess the relationship of dam position to landscape features and characteristics. GIS results supported historical documentation showing that key factors influencing dam placement were location to kauri, geomorphic impediments to transport, slope and distance to deep water for rafting.     

尊重传统的河溪近自然水系营造:以宁波奉化大堰镇区为例

以“大堰磡”为枢纽的河漫滩村镇水系营造为例,阐述了在乡村景观营造中充分挖掘当地乡土历史智慧和近自然水景营造的重要性。深入调查大堰镇历史上“大堰磡”和其它传统的河溪利用方式,并综合分析大堰镇的历史变迁、村落格局等现状和未来可持续发展需求。基于河漫滩生态蓄水原理开展河溪近自然景观营造设计,恢复历史上以“大堰磡”为枢纽的扇形网络状水系,创造人-水和谐的“水镇”景观。在河溪景观营造中,尊重传统水系生态结构,在兼顾人类活动的前提下,充分利用微地形变化,模拟河溪和传统河漫滩自然生态特征,保证河溪生态功能的发挥,营造可持续健康的河溪水系。     

The importance of spatial nested data in understanding the relationship between visitor use and landscape impacts

As managers and researchers of protected natural areas continue to seek balance in promoting visitor use but limiting negative experiential and natural resource impacts, the integration of social and physical spatial data may play a critical role in understanding how visitors and the community interface with the landscape within these protected areas. These spatial considerations are important for inventorying, monitoring, and managing the conditions of natural resources within parks. Specifically related to the visitor impacts of natural resources in parks are the use and condition of multiple-use trails. Technology such as GPS and GIS may allow for a unique assessment of the relationship between factors that influence this resource. This paper focuses on how visitor use distribution (measured through GPS tracking), activity type, and trail design influence the impacts to trail conditions. This paper also addresses statistical concerns related to spatial dependency. Results suggest that failure to account for spatial dependency can lead to erroneous Type I findings. Additionally, activity type (specifically horseback riders) and trail design were found to best predict trail impacts when controlling for spatial dependency.     

Resident Attitudes to Farmland Protection Measures in the Northern Rivers Region,New South Wales

In-migration to popular ‘sea change’ and ‘tree change’ regions has produced conflicts between rural land users. In the Northern Rivers region of New South Wales, new residential developments have been built on much of what was previously prime agricultural land, while farmers (in particular, those negatively affected by the deregulation of the dairy industry) have sought to secure retirement incomes by subdividing land for sale. Although developers, local councils and individual farmers sometimes see eye to eye on the mutual benefits of in-migration and population growth, land use has none the less become the subject of a hotly contested local political battle. Conflicts occur at the interface of growing urban developments and surrounding farmland, with new residents finding the sights, sounds and smells of rural production intrusive. More generally, there is considerable concern that the best farmland in the region may be lost to urbanisation and rural residential subdivision. This paper discusses the results of a survey that collected opinions from local residents about the pressures on the region's land uses by in-migration, the future role of farmland as both an economic and cultural landscape, and views on proposed measures to protect prime farmland in the region. Results highlighted a strong and consistent ‘pro-farmland’ and ‘pro-protection’ attitude throughout the region, and across social groups. Yet, variations emerged when respondents were asked about why they attribute value to agricultural landscapes. For some, ‘economic’ values dominated, while for others, value was attributed in ways that reflected an emerging ethos of ‘localism’ and village lifestyle. Although values differed, a clear message from this study is that the population of Australia's pre-eminent ‘sea change’ region strongly support measures to curb urban development and the more destructive consequences of a dynamic property market.     

农业景观保护路径历史回顾及启示

农业景观保护是实现农业景观可持续发展的重要举措,关系到中国粮食安全保障、农耕文明传承、乡村风貌维系、生态安全格局构建乃至社会经济稳定发展。本文借助对发达国家农业景观保护路径的长时间尺度历史回顾,总结归纳出农业景观保护路径发展的一般规律,即其在社会经济发展进程中一般经历传统保护、应对保护、管制保护、治理保护和管护保护五个发展阶段。从最初的传统保护阶段到最近的管护保护阶段,农业景观保护目标从自给生产维续逐渐转变为可持续发展,景观可持续性先降后升。在此基础上,结合中国农业景观保护状况,提炼出增强主体管护意识、提升景观功能服务、优化信息沟通渠道、完善政策弹性结构等四方面启示。     

Making a Cultural Landscape: The Case of Dongshan River Basin,Taiwan

Developing a cultural landscape establishes a regional identity, creates value for residents, and has potential to diversify a community’s economic base due to tourism development. Changes in local landscape morphology lead to multidimensional challenges in terms of the environmental consciousness and cultural identity of residents. The study examined residents’ perception of changes in their local landscape regarding its visual form, the meanings they constructed with the landscape, and their functional experience of living and working in it. Findings revealed that in its agricultural era, the visual landscape, meanings, and experience consisted mainly of physical elements connected with residents’ small-scale agricultural and fishery production. In the tourism era, the visual landscape, meanings, and experience were connected to recreational settings and iconic landmarks associated with the tourism industry. Both agricultural and tourism development occurred in ways that complemented each other and built a cultural landscape that connected the past with the present.     

旅游“网红村”居民的怀旧、集体记忆与地方认同的特征及互动关系——以内蒙古呼和浩特市恼包村为例

以内蒙古呼和浩特市旅游“网红村”——恼包村为例,通过实验法和问卷调查法,探讨了旅游网红村居民的怀旧、集体记忆与地方认同3种情感的特征。运用结构方程模型,验证了在旅游效应作用下,3种情感之间内在的互动机理。研究显示,在非本地旅游景观融入地方旅游社区的情境下,居民依然非常认同当前的景观与建筑,并对旅游发展保持积极态度;怀旧、集体记忆如果失去了物质载体,会在文化载体上集中表现;旅游景观的嬗变没有隔断居民对从前村落的集体记忆,但旅游景观优化带来的旅游效应削弱了居民的怀旧情感;居民的怀旧与集体记忆呈显著的正向相关关系,居民的集体记忆显著影响地方认同,旅游发展效应对集体记忆与地方认同有显著的正向影响。