山东省夏季高温气候变化特征分析

对比分析山东省夏季1961～1990年和1971～2000年前后30年极端最高气温和高温日数的分布和变化，得知山东省夏季高温的气候变化存在明显的地域性差异，东部地区高温有所增多，西部地区明显减少。利用统计方法分析山东省各地高温多年变化特征，发现夏季高温日数和极端最高气温均存在明显的年代际变化，且东西部变化不尽相同；在60年代末70年代初全省夏季极端最高气温发生了一次转折性变化。     

山东夏季高温异常变化特征分析

利用1951-2003年山东省夏季日最高气温资料，分析了山东夏季高温天气的时空分布和变化特征，以及高温异常的年代际振荡。得出：60—80年代，山东省各地夏季高温呈减少趋势，极端高温降低，90年代后有所回升，东部半岛地区回升明显；异常多高温年主要出现在50—60年代，异常少高温年集中在80年代，90年代中后期至今开始转为多高温时期；60年代末70年代初，山东夏季高温发生了一次显著的跃变过程。     

山东省夏季极端高温异常气候变化特征分析

运用REOF、9点二项式平滑滤波、累计距平、合成分析等方法，对山东省夏季极端高温的年代际变化、异常空间分布、时间演变特征、与赤道东太平洋海温异常的关系进行了较为详细的诊断分析，结果表明：从20世纪50年代到90年代，山东省夏季极端高温大部分地区是降低的，80年代降到最低，90年代有所回升，且在60年代末70年代初，大部分地区发生了一次由高向低的转折性变化；容易出现异常的区域为鲁西北、鲁西南、鲁南的临沂地区和山东半岛地区中部；与赤道东太平洋海温主要为负相关关系，前期为暖(冷)水期时，极端高温偏低(偏高)，高温日数减少(增多)。     

济南市近50a高温天气的气候特征

利用济南市1951—2005年5-9月日极端最高气温资料，统计分析了济南市极端最高气温与高温天气的分布特征，同时分析了影响济南高温天气形成的主要环流特征。结果表明：济南市高温天气主要出现在6—7月，1951年以来济南市高温天气的时空分布具有明显的周期性。济南市夏季酷热与极端最高气温高、持续高温天气出现次数多的年份，集中在20世纪50年代中后期至60年代末期以及90年代后期至今的两个时间段内。     

济南市近50a高温天气的气候特征

利用济南市1951-2005年5-9月日极端最高气温资料,统计分析了济南市极端最高气温与高温天气的分布特征,同时分析了影响济南高温天气形成的主要环流特征。结果表明:济南市高温天气主要出现在6-7月,1951年以来济南市高温天气的时空分布具有明显的周期性。济南市夏季酷热与极端最高气温高、持续高温天气出现次数多的年份,集中在20世纪50年代中后期至60年代末期以及90年代后期至今的两个时间段内。     

甘肃省40年来气温和降水时空变化

对甘肃省1960—2003年气温和降水序列进行长期变化趋势分析的基础上,根据地统计学原理对20世纪60年代和90年代甘肃省气温和降水时空演变特征进行了探讨。结果表明:气温序列具有显著上升趋势;降水序列具有减少趋势,但不显著。20世纪60年代和90年代气温由空间自相关引起的空间变异分别占总空间变异的25%和32%,60年代和90年代降水由空间自相关引起的空间变异性分别占78%和80%。比较两个年代气温和降水的空间格局变化,甘肃省绝大部分地区气温升高,包括陇南南部、陇东、陇中东部、河西走廊平原区、北山山区的局部地区和祁连山区部分地区;除河西走廊平原区局部地区、北山中山区降水量有所增加外,大部分地区降水量有所减少。     

河北省近50年最高气温及高温日数变化特征

利用河北省70个站近50年的观测资料,分析了河北省最高气温和高温日数年际和年代际演变特征及其区域差异。结果表明:全省及各区域年平均最高气温呈现升高态势,全省大部分地区增温在0.5~1.0℃之间。冬季增温幅度最大,春夏季次之,秋季最小;全省70%左右的站点从20世纪60年代到90年代大于等于30℃高温日数呈现增加趋势,80年代到90年代是增幅最大的时段。增加幅度最大的区域是冀东平原区;大于等于35℃高温日数各年代平均值变化幅度相对平缓,年际变化则呈现先降后增的变化趋势,变化幅度小且增加趋势不明显。     

2003年浙江省夏季高温统计特征分析

利用平均、最高、最低气温,日最高气温≥35℃日数等气象要素对浙江省2003年夏季高温特征进行诊断分析,大部分地区的高温日数和极端最高气温创有记录以来最高值.对极端最高气温物理量作的耿贝尔分布适线拟合表明:浙江大部分地区都出现了50年或以上一遇的高温天气.     

江苏气温长期变化趋势及年代际变化空间差异分析

根据江苏省60个气象站1961-2001年的逐月气温资料，研究了江苏气温的长期变化趋势和年代际变化特征的空间差异。结果表明：1）近40a来江苏省年平均气温升高了约1℃，其中冬季3个月（12月一次年2月）升温最明显，夏季7、8月降温明显。各季节和年平均气温年代际变化具有一定的相似性，基本上是20世纪60年代有降低趋势，70年代到80年代前期趋势不明显，80年代后期和90年代气温快速升高，因此，年、春、秋、冬季最高温度出现在90年代。其中夏季气温在90年代后期又有所下降，夏季最高出现在60年代。2）长期变化趋势和年代际变化在空间上也有一定的差异，这种差异主要表现在温度变化幅度上，春、秋、冬和年平均气温在全省都是升高的，其中苏南和江苏北部的徐连地区春、冬季和年平均气温升高最明显，秋季苏南地区升温最明显；夏季大部分地区气温有下降趋势，其中东部沿海和西南部降温最明显，而北部部分地区则有弱的升温趋势。     

1961—2018年内蒙古夏季极端高温特征及其与大气环流异常的关系

利用内蒙古71个气象观测站逐日平均气温、最高气温及ECMWF再分析数据,研究了1961—2018年夏季内蒙古极端高温的时空分布特征和极端高温时期高空大气环流异常特征。结果表明:从时间上看,近58年内蒙古夏季极端高温呈增长趋势,在1996年发生了转暖突变,极端高温与其出现日数为显著正相关。从空间上看,内蒙古极端最高气温分布,地区差异大,呈西高东低分布;极端高温的发生频次分布与气温相反,全区总体是东多西少。内蒙古夏季极端最高气温与其上空200 hPa高度场为显著正相关,当高空位势高度为正异常时,地面极易发生极端高温事件。     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.