Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of early Paleozoic granitoids in East Kunlun belt: Evidences from geochronology,geochemistry and isotopes

The East Kunlun Orogenic Belt(EKOB) provides an important link to reconstruct the evolution of the Proto-Tethys and Paleo-Tethys realm. The EKOB is marked by widespread Early Paleozoic magmatism.Here we report the petrology, bulk geochemistry, zircon Ue Pb dating and, Lue Hf and SreN d isotopic data of the Early Paleozoic granitic rocks in Zhiyu area of the southern EKOB. Based on the zircon U-Pb dating, these granitoids, consisting of diorite, granodiorite and monzogranite, were formed during 450 -430 Ma the Late Ordovician to Middle Silurian. The diorite and granodiorite are high Sr/Y ratio as adakitic affinities, and the monzogranite belongs to highly fractionated I-type. Their(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)ivalues range from 0.7059 to 0.7085, εNd(t) values from -1.6 to -6.0 and the zircon εHf(t) values show large variations from +9.1 to -8.6 with Hf model ages(T_(DM2)) about 848 Ma and 1970 Ma. The large variations of whole-rock Nd and zircon Hf isotopes demonstrate strong isotopic heterogeneity of the source regions which probably resulted from multi-phase underplating of mantle-derived magmas. Geochemical and isotopic studies proved that the diorite and granodiorite had been derived from partial melting of heterogeneous crustal source with variable contributions from ancient continental crust and juvenile components, and the monzogranites were representing fractional crystallization and crustal contamination for arc magma. The Early Paleozoic adakitic rocks and high-K calc-alkaline granitoids in the southern EKOB were likely emplaced in a continental marginal arc setting possibly linked to the southwards subduction of the Paleo Kunlun Ocean and the magma generation is linked to partial melting of thickened continental crust induced by underplating of mantle-derived magmas.     

赣南横市辉长岩的成因及其地质意义: 年代学、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素证据

华南早古生代基性岩浆岩出露少而小,对其岩石成因的研究仍存在较大争议,较大地制约了对华南早古生代造山作用的深入理解。横市辉长岩位于赣南地区,有数个小的侵入体组成,SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果显示其形成时代为423.3±4.9Ma。辉长岩具有均一的硅含量（SiO₂=49.14%~52.05%）,相对高的镁含量（MgO=7.16%~9.43%）和Mg^#值（60.7~67.3）。稀土总量（∑REE）为80.6×10^-6~131.5×10^-6,无-弱的铕正异常（δEu=0.97~1.21）。Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素组成为：I_Sr=0.7048~0.7060,ε_Nd（423Ma）=-3.11~-1.97;（²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb）_i=17.73~18.03,（²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb）_i=15.57~15.59,（²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb）_i=37.80~38.19;ε_Hf（t）=-3.71~+1.55。元素及同位素组成表明,横市辉长岩可能源自类似于EMⅠ和EMⅡ混合的富集地幔源区的部分熔融。大规模的岩石圈拆沉作用可能是形成华南早古生代基性岩石的动力学机制。

     

Lawsonite- and glaucophane-bearing blueschists from NW Qiangtang,northern Tibet,China: mineralogy,geochemistry, geochronology,and tectonic implications

The occurrence of high-pressure (HP) blueschists within the central Qiangtang terrane of northern Tibet has a significant bearing on plate-suturing processes. In order to contribute to the ongoing debate on whether the central Qiangtang metamorphic belt represents an in situ suture within the Qiangtang terrane, we examined lawsonite- and glaucophane-bearing blueschists from the northwest Qiangtang area (84° 10′–85° 30′ E, 34°10′–34° 45′ N). All studied rocks are metapelites, metasandstones, or metabasalts, characterized by lawsonite + glaucophane + phengite, lawsonite + glaucophane + epidote + albite + quartz, or glaucophane + phengite + quartz assemblages. The meta-mafic rocks contain very high TiO₂ and low Al₂O₃ contents. They are typified by abundant ferromagnesian trace elements, and an absence of Eu anomalies and Nb–Ta deletions; all the above features indicate that these mafic rocks represent oceanic island basalt (OIB) protoliths. Most of the metasediments contain high SiO₂, moderate Al₂O₃ + K₂O, and low TiO₂ + Na₂O. They display high CIA (chemical index of alteration) values (74% ± 5%) and distinctly negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.64 ± 0.05). This, along with their high field strength elemental characteristics, indicates that they were deposited in a passive continental margin environment, intercalated with OIB-type basalts. We estimate the peak metamorphic conditions for these blueschists as T = 330–415°C and P = 9–11.5 kbar. This HP event occurred at ca. 242 Ma, indicated by a well-defined ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau age for glaucophane. Retrograde metamorphism occurred at T = 280–370°C, P = 6.5–9.5 kbar, t = ca. 207 Ma (⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of phengite). Therefore, a cold subduction (geotherm ～8°C/km) attended the passive continental margin during the Triassic when the eastern Qiangtang collided with the western Qiangtang. The northwest Qiangtang HP metamorphic belt is an extension of the central Qiangtang metamorphic belt that defines the suture between eastern and western Qiangtang, and indicates an anticlockwise, diachronous closure of the Shuanghu Palaeo-Tethys.     

西藏羌塘中部猫耳山石榴角闪岩的岩石学、地球化学及年代学研究

青藏高原腹地羌塘地体中部猫耳山增生杂岩内保留有早古生代变质记录,对研究冈瓦纳大陆北缘的早古生代构造格架和演化具有重要意义。猫耳山石榴角闪岩呈透镜状产出于斜长角闪岩内,主要由石榴石、角闪石、单斜辉石、斜长石、白云母、黝帘石、绿泥石、榍石和钛铁矿组成。石榴角闪岩的全岩地球化学分析表明其具有俯冲带上（SSZ型）蛇绿岩特征,与区域内寒武-奥陶纪蛇绿岩残片一致。根据岩相学、矿物化学、相平衡模拟以及锆石定年结果,得出石榴角闪岩的成因及变质过程如下：（1）石榴角闪岩原岩为~477Ma的特提斯洋蛇绿岩残片;（2）在394~383Ma发生麻粒岩相变质过程,峰期变质温压条件为~900℃、~1.55GPa,矿物组合为石榴石+角闪石+透辉石;（3）早期的折返导致其降温降压至~800℃、~1.0GPa,矿物组合为石榴石+角闪石+透辉石+斜长石;（4）进一步的角闪岩相退变质发生于358~348Ma,矿物组合为角闪石+斜长石+透辉石+钛铁矿,在石榴石周围和港湾处形成斜长石+角闪石的后成合晶结构。石榴角闪岩的P-T-t演化轨迹结合区域蛇绿岩和岩浆岩记录,指示早古生代特提斯洋壳俯冲、泥盆纪特提斯洋弧后扩张和石炭纪特提斯洋内岛弧增生的过程。

     

内蒙古中部锡林浩特-西乌旗早三叠世A型酸性火山岩的地球化学特征及其地质意义

通过K—Ar年代学、元素、同位素地球化学研究,可以厘定内蒙古锡林浩特-西乌旗英安岩-流纹岩形成于早三叠世（K—Ar：245Ma）;其具有富硅碱,贫钙镁,显著的负Eu异常,低Ba、Sr丰度和高Rb／Sr比值,以及高Ga、Zr、Nb、Ce、Y等元素地球化学特征;并呈现相对富集的（^87Sr／^86Sr）i（0．7068～0．7099）和中等亏损的Nd（εNd（t）=＋1．66-＋3．34）的同位素特征。这些类似于A型花岗岩的地球化学特征。它们可能是内蒙中部近于同期发育的铝质A型花岗岩浆的喷出相,形成于慢源岩浆底侵新增生中下地壳的直接部分熔融,并伴随其后的分异作用。这些具有A2型花岗岩地球化学特征的酸性火山岩与同期拉斑玄武岩构成了造山后拉张环境下发育的特征性双峰式火山岩组合,这不仅为内蒙中部在早中生代已经结束块体拼合而进入造山后阶段提供了进一步的岩石学证据,而且暗示了地幔物质的加入在中亚造山带后造山时期陆壳的垂向生长过程中起最主要的作用。     

Geochronology,geochemistry and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes of the Early Paleogene gabbro and granite from Central Lhasa,southern Tibet: petrogenesis and tectonic implications

ABSTRACT

The Tibetan Plateau is a composite orogenic belt that has experienced prolonged subduction, obduction, and collisional processes, during the opening and closure of successive Tethyan oceans. We present new zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopes, and whole-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data from the Early Paleogene Longge’er gabbro and Qingduxiang granite of Central Lhasa, southern Tibet. Together these allow us to refine existing models for widespread magmatic activity associated with the subduction of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean. The Longge’er gabbro (53.5 ± 1.6 Ma) belongs to the low-K tholeiitic to medium-K and metaluminous series, while the Qingduxiang granite (54.5 ± 0.9 Ma) is characterized as high-K, calc-alkaline, metaluminous, and of I-type affinity. Both intrusions are enriched in the LREE and depleted in the HREE with negative Eu, Ba, Nb, Ta, Sr, and Ti anomalies. Trace elements characteristics and enriched whole-rock Sr-Nd-Pb and zircon Hf isotopic compositions demonstrate that the gabbro was derived from partial melting of enriched lithosphere mantle metasomatized by Central-Lhasa ancient crustal materials, while the I-type granite was generated by partial melting of Central-Lhasa ancient lower crust combined with magmas derived from Southern-Lhasa juvenile crust. Geochemical compositions of the gabbro and granite reveal the Early Paleogene magmatism was emplaced in a shallow extensional setting related to slab break off following the closure of the Neo-Tethyan Ocean. Combined with previous studies, we can infer slab rollback occurred from Late Cretaceous (~69 Ma) to Early Eocene (55 Ma), while slab break off was shortly lived at ca. 55–49 Ma. Consequently, the India-Asia collision must not have started later than ca. 55 Ma.     

中喜马拉雅日玛那地区退变榴辉岩岩石地球化学及年代学研究

喜马拉雅造山带是目前最年轻的仍处于碰撞阶段的陆陆碰撞造山带。高喜马拉雅结晶岩系内产出的（退变）榴辉岩记录了印度板块俯冲和折返的重要信息。本文对中喜马拉雅日玛那地区的（退变）榴辉岩进行了岩石学、全岩地球化学及锆石年代学研究,确定了其变质演化、原岩性质及构造背景。日玛那榴辉岩呈透镜状或岩墙状与花岗片麻岩接触,基于矿物组合识别出3个变质阶段：(1)峰期榴辉岩相：石榴子石+绿辉石+多硅白云母+金红石+石英;(2)高压麻粒岩相：以单斜辉石+斜长石后成合晶、黑云母+斜长石的后成合晶为代表;(3)角闪岩相：以基质中角闪石的大量出现为特征。锆石U-Pb定年给出两期年龄,峰期榴辉岩相锆石年龄为约15.5～14 Ma,具平坦的HREE分配模式,缺失Eu负异常,麻粒岩相的年龄约为12 Ma,锆石显著富集HREE,并呈现出Eu负异常的特征,指示石榴子石分解和斜长石生长。矿物温压计限定日玛那榴辉岩峰期变质条件为约730℃、1.9～2.1 GPa。榴辉岩记录了顺时针的变质p-T轨迹,从峰期榴辉岩相经近等温快速降压至麻粒岩相,最后降温降压至角闪岩相。另外,日玛那榴辉岩的原岩为亚碱性玄武岩并沿着拉斑玄武岩趋势演化,地...     

桂北新寨强过铝质花岗岩的岩石成因及其构造意义——来自年代学、地球化学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素的制约

LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,桂北新寨花岗岩形成于中奥陶世(465±2Ma)。该花岗岩的地球化学特征表现为化学成分较均一,具有高硅(SiO_2=68.54%~74.57%)、富碱(K_2O+Na_2O=7.61%~8.31%)、更富钾(K_2O/Na_2O=1.77~2.35)、强过铝质(A/CNK=1.09~2.39)和富集大离子亲石元素而亏损高场强元素等特征,属于S型花岗岩。新寨花岗岩具有比较均一的Sr、Nd同位素组成(I_(Sr)=0.71137~0.71328,ε_(Nd)(t)=-7.89~-7.26)。锆石Hf同位素组成为:(~(176)Hf/~(177)Hf)_i=0.28232~0.28252,ε_(Hf)(t)=-6.18~+0.61,Hf同位素两阶段模式年龄TDM2变化于1.67~2.11Ga之间。元素及Nd-Sr-Hf同位素分析结果显示,新寨花岗岩可能源自古元古代地壳变质泥岩的部分熔融,在成岩过程中有少量幔源组分的参与。新寨S型花岗岩可能是广西运动第二幕在桂北地区的岩石学响应,为早古生代构造-岩浆群事件的建立提供了新证据。     

东天山马庄山金矿区赋矿石英斑岩的岩石成因和构造背景:元素地球化学、U-Pb年代学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素约束

马庄山金矿位于东天山东段,矿区出露有大量的石英斑岩,总体上呈北东走向,沿矿区中部断裂侵入。石英斑岩呈灰白色,具斑状结构,斑晶主要为石英,少量正长石和斜长石,基质为长英质和少量暗色矿物。石英斑岩的Na_2O+K_2O含量为3. 55%～9. 67%,Al_2O_3含量(10. 37%～14. 28%),K_2O/Na_2O比值为2. 57～66. 5,显示富碱高钾、过铝质特征;稀土含量中等(65×10~(-6)～161×10~(-6)),轻重稀土分异中等([La/Yb]N=6. 15～12. 5),相对富集轻稀土元素、具弱的负Eu异常。微量元素总体富集Rb、K、Th、U和Pb,亏损Sr、Ba、P、Nb和Ti等元素,与活动大陆边缘弧火成岩的微量元素特征一致。马庄山石英斑岩的SiO_2与P_2O_5呈现负相关关系,Y、Th与Rb均呈现正相关的关系,说明研究区的次火山岩属于I型花岗岩类。对马庄山石英斑岩内岩浆锆石进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,获得一致曲线年龄为315. 4±0. 6Ma(MSWD=0. 67),加权平均年龄为316. 0±2. 0Ma(MSWD=0. 23),将矿区内以石英斑岩为主的次火山岩侵位时间限定在314～318Ma。石英斑岩具有较高的(87Sr/86Sr)i值(0. 7077～0. 7102),较低的εNd(t)值(-1. 62～1. 82),Nd的二阶段模式年龄(tDM2)为0. 9～1. 2Ga,εHf(t)值为-3. 2～0. 4,tDM2在1. 28～1. 51Ga之间,暗示岩石来自于下地壳物质重熔,可能有部分地幔物质加入。综合石英斑岩的地质、地球化学和年代学特征,认为东天山东段,在晚石炭世,马庄山地区处于与俯冲相关的活动陆缘弧环境。     

赣中山庄二长花岗岩的成因与构造背景:岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学证据

赣中山庄花岗岩岩体位于钦杭成矿带的南侧,岩性上包括二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩。本文对岩体北部的二长花岗岩开展了年代学、地球化学及同位素研究以约束该岩体的形成时代、岩石成因及成岩构造背景。锆石CL图像、Th/U比值,以及(Sm/La)_N-La和Ce/Ce~*-(Sm/La)_N图解均表明,二长花岗岩所有锆石晶体为岩浆成因;其中第一组锆石加权平均年龄为420～419Ma,代表了岩浆结晶年龄。该花岗岩SiO_2含量为71.48%～66.20%、K_2O/Na_2O值为1.24～0.99、A/CNK1.1;结合白云母和石榴石的出现、ACF图解、Rb-Th、Rb-Y的负相关性,山庄二长花岗岩属高钾钙碱性强过铝质S型花岗岩。同时,该岩石亏损大离子亲石元素Ba和Sr以及高场强元素Nb和Ta,说明系壳源物质部分熔融的产物。CaO/Na_2O值(0.14～0.07)、Rb/Sr值(8.27～3.83)、Rb/Ba值(1.48～0.82)、FeO~T+MgO+TiO_2含量(2.4～1.8)和二阶段Nd模式年龄(t_(2DM)=2031～1971Ma)进一步说明二长花岗岩的源岩是古元古代的富粘土的泥质岩。锆石的饱和温度和Ti温度计计算结果表明二长花岗岩岩浆形成温度为722～720℃,黑云母的全铝温度计则反映其形成压力为3.21～2.71kbar。结合花岗岩构造环境判别图以及华南大地构造演化特征,山庄花岗岩岩体可能是在后碰撞环境下由古元古代富粘土泥质岩于低温低压条件下部分融熔的结果。     

西藏北冈底斯巴尔达地区岩浆作用的成因:地球化学、年代学及Sr-Nd-Hf同位素约束

前人对西藏冈底斯中北部白垩纪岩浆岩的岩石成因和地球动力学背景仍然存在很多解释。本文报道了位于北冈底斯(拉萨地块北部)东段巴尔达地区的岩浆岩锆石U-Pb定年、元素地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素数据,以对这一问题进行约束。巴尔达岩浆岩包括花岗闪长斑岩和安山玢岩。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,巴尔达岩浆岩侵位于～114Ma,是北冈底斯早白垩世岩浆岩的典型代表之一。巴尔达岩浆岩两种岩石均为高钾钙碱性系列,其中花岗闪长斑岩的SiO2为64.45%～67.52%,全碱(K2O+Na2O)含量为6.23%～7.47%,铝饱和指数(A/CNK)为0.98～1.22,为兼具I型特点的S型花岗岩;安山玢岩SiO2为57.50%～62.15%,K2O含量为2.30%～3.60%,MgO含量为2.27%～4.40%。两种岩石均富集大离子亲石元素和Pb,亏损高场强元素和Ba等。与冈底斯成熟大陆地壳相比,巴尔达岩浆岩具有更高的εNd(t)值(-7.8～-6.8)和相对低的(87Sr/86Sr)t值(0.7094～0.7105),并且具有不均一的锆石εHf(t)值(-4.2～+3.3)和相对年轻的Hf模式年龄(639～975Ma)。锆石Hf同位素数据和锆石饱和温度(768～818℃)均显示幔源物质在巴尔达岩浆岩形成过程中发挥了重要作用。巴尔达岩浆岩可能是在南向俯冲的班公湖-怒江洋岩石圈断离背景下,由上涌的软流圈提供热量诱发岩石圈地幔熔融产生幔源基性熔体侵位到上部地壳,并引发周围酸性物质的熔融混合,混合过程中幔源组分的输入使S型熔体向I型熔体转化。     

Origin of boron in the Damxung Co Salt Lake(central Tibet):Evidence from boron geochemistry and isotopes

正The origin of boron in boron-rich salt lakes in the Tibetan Plateau has long been the subject of debate.The Damzung Co Salt Lake in central Tibet has high boron concentrations(B=276–313 mg/L)and is an ideal site for     

海南岛二叠纪—三叠纪构造演化：源自岩浆岩和变质岩同位素年代学和地球化学的约束

本文对海南岛广泛出露的中-酸性花岗质岩体和中—高级变质岩开展了系统的岩石学、年代学、地球化学及Lu-Hf同位素研究,识别出270～259 Ma和242 Ma两期岩浆事件和251～248 Ma变质-深熔事件。270～259 Ma岩浆岩包括花岗(石英)闪长岩和含石榴子石花岗岩。花岗(石英)闪长岩为准铝质I型花岗岩,锆石ε_Hf(t)值变化较大,Mg^#和CaO/Na₂O比值较高,Rb/Sr比值较低,起源于玄武质下地壳,并存在少量幔源岩浆的混入;含石榴子石花岗岩为典型的强过铝质S型花岗岩,锆石ε_Hf(t)值为负,CaO/Na₂O比值较高,源岩主要为壳源贫黏土的碎屑岩。它们均富集LREEs(轻稀土元素)和LILEs(大离子亲石元素),明显亏损HFSEs(高场强元素),显示出与洋壳俯冲相关的岛弧岩浆岩的地球化学特征,形成于大陆弧背景下。251～248 Ma变质-深熔事件与区域上广泛分布的壳源S型花岗岩和韧性剪切变形同期,推测为一期弧-陆碰撞造山事件。242 Ma花岗岩为A₂     

西藏雄村矿集区含矿斑岩成因及构造意义:来自年代学及地球化学的约束

雄村矿集区位于西藏冈底斯铜矿带南缘,是目前该带发现的唯一一个与新特提斯洋壳早期俯冲作用有关的斑岩型铜金矿集区。近年来,相继在该矿集区发现了1、2、3号矿体。为了全面厘定矿集区的岩浆作用与成矿的关系和深化对新特提斯洋壳早期俯冲作用相关的斑岩型矿床成矿作用的认识。本文在前期研究基础上,对雄村矿集区新发现的3号矿体含矿斑岩开展了锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素地球化学分析。锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,3号矿体含矿斑岩形成于早侏罗世(176. 9±1. 4Ma)。结合以往研究结果表明,雄村矿集区存在两期矿化作用,早期矿化事件发生在约172Ma,与早侏罗世(181～175Ma)石英闪长斑岩相关,形成了2、3号矿体;晚期成矿作用发生在161. 5Ma,与中侏罗世(167～161Ma)石英闪长斑岩相关,形成了1号矿体。雄村矿集区含矿岩体显示出高的εNd(t)( 4. 5)值类似于马里亚纳大洋岛弧岩浆岩,结合雄村矿集区侏罗纪砂岩的年代学及地球化学特征,表明含矿岩体形成于新特提斯洋壳北向俯冲相关的大洋岛弧环境而非陆缘弧环境。Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素组成表明含矿岩体起源于亏损地幔的部分熔融,且源区同时受到了俯冲洋壳释放的流体和俯冲沉积物熔体的交代。拉萨地体南缘具有强亏损Nd-Hf同位素组成(εHf(t) 10、εNd(t) 4. 5)的侏罗纪斑岩体有利于形成斑岩型铜金矿化,寻找与新特提斯洋壳俯冲相关的斑岩型矿床的重点区域应该是侏罗纪岩体被同期火山岩覆盖的区域。     

兴蒙造山带西段乌珠新乌苏花岗岩岩石成因和构造背景:地球化学、U-Pb年代学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素约束

兴蒙造山带的构造演化及古亚洲洋的闭合时限尚存在较大争议,沿缝合带出露的花岗岩的侵位时代和成因对于约束古亚洲洋的演化具有重要意义。乌珠新乌苏花岗岩位于兴蒙造山带西段的索伦缝合带内,其Na_2O+K_2O含量为7.14%～9.36%,Al_2O_3含量为13.18%～13.49%,K_2O/Na_2O为1.10～1.52,属于高钾钙碱性系列岩石。稀土总量富集(174.8×10~(-6)～213.7×10~(-6)),相对富集轻稀土元素,轻重稀土分异中等[(La/Yb)_N=3.68～5.41],Eu负异常明显。乌珠新乌苏花岗岩富集Rb、Th、Hf,亏损Nb、Sr、P、Ti等元素,符合典型高分异A型花岗岩的低Sr、高Yb、Eu负异常的特点,显示后碰撞花岗岩的特征,形成于造山后地壳减薄阶段。乌珠新乌苏花岗岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年显示其~(206)Pb/~(238)U加权平均年龄为279±2.7Ma(MSWD=1.6)和276±1.9Ma(MSWD=0.69)。正的全岩ε_(Nd)(t)值(2.1～2.7)和锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值(7.7～10.2)以及相对年轻的亏损地幔模式年龄(Nd的t_(DM2)为826～874Ma;Hf的t_(DM2)为655～931Ma),表明乌珠新乌苏花岗岩母岩浆可能来源于新元古代新生下地壳的部分熔融。综合花岗岩的地质地球化学、年代学及同位素特征,认为兴蒙造山带西段的乌珠新乌苏地区在早二叠世处于后碰撞的伸展环境。     

龙木错地区泽错岩体演化历史及构造意义:来自地球化学和年代学的约束

沿大型断裂带出露的深成岩体记录并保存了形成时的大地构造活动及后期演化和变形的重要信息。为了更好地理解羌塘西部花岗岩的成因机制和演化历史,本文选取了龙木错断裂南部的泽错岩体进行地球化学、SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学及云母和钾长石~(40)Ar/~(39)热年代学分析。全岩地球化学判别图显示花岗岩样品为高钾钙碱性系列至钙碱性系列和过铝质。矿物组合表明无角闪石且含白云母。以上特征均显示出明显的S型花岗岩趋势。锆石U-Pb年龄为123±1. 7Ma至107±1. 4Ma,表明岩浆侵位的时代为早白垩世,此时班公-怒江洋仍在向北俯冲。云母和钾长石~(40)Ar/~(39)年龄及前人低温热年代学数据显示,侵位后岩体至少有四个阶段的冷却,包括120～90Ma、90～38Ma、38～26Ma和26～0Ma。第一阶段在侵位后10Myr内快速冷却至低于～320℃,而随后以相对较慢的速率冷却至～220℃。从90Ma到38Ma期间经历了较长时期极为缓慢的冷却,该阶段构造活动趋于静止,表明羌塘地体-拉萨地体碰撞应发生在90Ma之前。中新世受控于龙木错断裂左旋走滑的影响,最后一期的构造变形以东西向伸展为主,深成岩逐渐剥露至地表。龙木错断裂可能作为中新世以来高原物质向东运移西部边界的一条新的应力释放途径。     

东昆仑河尔格头地区晚三叠世花岗岩成因：年代学、地球化学及Sr- Nd- Pb同位素约束

河尔格头地区位于东昆仑造山带西段,发育大量花岗岩岩石组合,对该地区晚三叠世花岗岩的研究不仅有助于认识东昆仑造山带印支期构造- 岩浆演化历史,还可为古特提斯洋俯冲及洋盆闭合时限提供约束。本文报道了对河尔格头地区花岗岩的LA- MC- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb定年、地球化学、Sr- Nd- Pb同位素的研究结果,为建立完善的年代学格架和构造演化提供了新资料。本次在河尔格头英云闪长岩中获得了230. 9±0. 7Ma的锆石U- Pb 年龄,结合野外接触关系,可以确定该期花岗岩为晚三叠世岩浆活动的产物。全岩地球化学分析结果显示,河尔格头晚三叠世花岗岩为准铝到弱过铝质岩石,属中- 高钾钙碱性系列,富集轻稀土和Rb、Th等大离子亲石元素,不同程度亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,具负铕异常,属I型花岗岩。从Sr- Nd- Pb同位素分析结果可以看出河尔格头晚三叠世花岗岩具有较高的 I Sr 值(0. 705058~0. 707582)和负的ε Nd ( t )值(-2. 05~-5. 14),双阶段模式年龄 t DM2 为1170~1422Ma,表明岩浆主要来源于地壳。经校正后的 ( 206 Pb/ 204 Pb) i 值为18. 37949~18. 58525,( 207 Pb/ 204 Pb) i 值为15. 56543~15. 59755,( 208 Pb/ 204 Pb) i 值为37. 79668~38. 27230,Pb同位素组成图解显示其物质来源与壳幔相互作用有关。综合岩体岩石地球化学特征及前人研究成果,河尔格头地区花岗岩显示板块俯冲阶段的特征,可能为阿尼玛卿洋壳消减过程中的产物,古特提斯洋的闭合时限或可推迟至晚三叠世。     

Nature and evolution of the Neo-Tethys in central Tibet: synthesis of ophiolitic petrology,geochemistry, and geochronology

In this paper, we summarize results of studies on ophiolitic mélanges of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone (BNSZ) and the Shiquanhe–Yongzhu–Jiali ophiolitic mélange belt (SYJMB) in central Tibet, and use these insights to constrain the nature and evolution of the Neo-Tethys oceanic basin in this region. The BNSZ is characterized by late Permian–Early Cretaceous ophiolitic fragments associated with thick sequences of Middle Triassic–Middle Jurassic flysch sediments. The BNSZ peridotites are similar to residual mantle related to mid-ocean-ridge basalts (MORBs) where the mantle was subsequently modified by interactions with the melt. The mafic rocks exhibit the mixing of various components, and the end-members range from MORB-types to island-arc tholeiites and ocean island basalts. The BNSZ ophiolites probably represent the main oceanic basin of the Neo-Tethys in central Tibet. The SYJMB ophiolitic sequences date from the Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous, and they are dismembered and in fault contact with pre-Ordovician, Permian, and Jurassic–Early Cretaceous blocks. Geochemical and stratigraphic data are consistent with an origin in a short-lived intra-oceanic back-arc basin. The Neo-Tethys Ocean in central Tibet opened in the late Permian and widened during the Triassic. Southwards subduction started in the Late Triassic in the east and propagated westwards during the Jurassic. A short-lived back-arc basin developed in the middle and western parts of the oceanic basin from the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous. After the late Early Jurassic, the middle and western parts of the oceanic basin were subducted beneath the Southern Qiangtang terrane, separating the Nierong microcontinent from the Southern Qiangtang terrane. The closing of the Neo-Tethys Basin began in the east during the Early Jurassic and ended in the west during the early Late Cretaceous.     

Petrology,geochemistry and geochronology of the magmatic suite from the Jianzha Complex,central China: Petrogenesis and geodynamic implications

The intermediate–mafic–ultramafic rocks in the Jianzha Complex (JZC) at the northern margin of the West Qinling Orogenic Belt have been interpreted to be a part of an ophiolite suite. In this study, we present new geochronological, petrological, geochemical and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data and provide a different interpretation. The JZC is composed of dunite, wehrlite, olivine clinopyroxenite, olivine gabbro, gabbro, and pyroxene diorite. The suite shows characteristics of Alaskan-type complexes, including (1) the low CaO concentrations in olivine; (2) evidence of crystal accumulation; (3) high calcic composition of clinopyroxene; and (4) negative correlation between FeO^tot and Cr₂O₃ of spinels. Hornblende and phlogopite are ubiquitous in the wehrlites, but minor orthopyroxene is also present. Hornblende and biotite are abundant late crystallized phases in the gabbros and diorites. The two pyroxene-bearing diorite samples from JZC yield zircon U–Pb ages of 245.7 ± 1.3 Ma and 241.8 ± 1.3 Ma. The mafic and ultramafic rocks display slightly enriched LREE patterns. The wehrlites display moderate to weak negative Eu anomalies (0.74–0.94), whereas the olivine gabbros and gabbros have pronounced positive Eu anomalies. Diorites show slight LREE enrichment, with (La/Yb)_N ratios ranging from 4.42 to 7.79, and moderate to weak negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu¹ = 0.64–0.86). The mafic and ultramafic rocks from this suite are characterized by negative Nb–Ta–Zr anomalies as well as positive Pb anomalies. Diorites show pronounced negative Ba, Nb–Ta and Ti spikes, and typical Th–U, K and Pb peaks. Combined with petrographic observations and chemical variations, we suggest that the magmatism was dominantly controlled by fractional crystallization and crystal accumulation, with limited crustal contamination. The arc-affinity signature and weekly negative to moderately positive ε_Nd(t) values (−2.3 to 1.2) suggest that these rocks may have been generated by partial melting of the juvenile sub-continental lithospheric mantle that was metasomatized previously by slab-derived fluids. The lithologies in the JZC are related in space and time and originated from a common parental magma. Geochemical modeling suggests that their primitive parental magma had a basaltic composition. The ultramafic rocks were generated through olivine accumulation, and variable degrees of fractional crystallization with minor crustal contamination produced the diorites. The data presented here suggest that the subduction in West Qinling did not cease before the early stage of the Middle Triassic (∼242 Ma), a back-arc developed in the northern part of West Qinling during this period, and the JZC formed within the incipient back-arc.     

Late Jurassic granitoids in the Xilamulun Mo belt,Northeastern China: geochronology,geochemistry, and tectonic implications

ABSTRACT

The Xilamulun Mo belt of Northeastern China, located in the southeastern segment of the Central Asia Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is composed of large deposits of porphyry Mo and quartz-vein-type Mo, which are related to Mesozoic granitoids. Previous studies led to the conclusion that all granitoids in the region formed during the Cretaceous and Triassic, but our new laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U–Pb zircon dating of magmatic zircons from five samples of four mineralized plutons (Nailingou, Longtoushan, and Hashitu granites and Erbadi and Hashitu granite porphyries) reveals that these range in age from 143.8 ± 1.2 to 149.5 ± 1.0 Ma. These granites show post-collisional (A-type) geochemical characteristics (e.g. enrichment in total alkali, LILE, and LREE and depletion in Eu, Ba, P, and Nb). The Erbadi, Longtoushan, Hashitu, and Longtoushan granitoids exhibit moderately positive Hf isotopic compositions (ε_Hf(t) = ?0.3 to 10.2), indicating that granitic magmas may reflect mixtures of mantle melts and continental crust. These mineralized granites were all emplaced along a major fault over a time span of ~6 million years during the Late Jurassic. We conclude that igneous activity and mineralization resulted from the rollback of the subducted Palaeo-Pacific plate beneath Eurasia. Confirming that the Late Jurassic granitic intrusives are related to the Mo mineralization is useful for understanding the Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Xilamulun Mo belt and also has significant implications for the regional exploration of ores.