Fuzzy sliding mode control for a building structure based on genetic algorithms

Based on the genetic algorithms (GAs), a fuzzy sliding mode control (FSMC) method for the building structure is designed in this research. When a fuzzy logic control method is used for a structural system, it is hard to get proper control rules directly, and to guarantee the stability and robustness of the fuzzy control system. Generally, the fuzzy controller combined with sliding mode control is applied, but there is still no criterion to reach an optimal design of the FSMC. In this paper, therefore, we design a fuzzy sliding mode controller for the building structure control system as an optimization problem and apply the optimal searching algorithms and GAs to find the optimal rules and membership functions of the FSMC. The proposed approach has the merit to determine the optimal structure and the inference rules of fuzzy sliding mode controller simultaneously. It is found that the building structure under the proposed control method could sustain in safety and stability when the system is subjected to external disturbances. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

半主动TLCD对固定式海洋平台的离散神经网络滑模控制

主要研究了半主动调液柱型阻尼器（TLCD）对固定式海洋平台的离散神经网络滑模变结构控制方法。首先建立了平台结构-TLCD控制系统微分方程及其离散化状态空间表达,然后阐述了基于神经网络的滑模变结构控制的基本算法和控制策略,最后应用该神经网络滑模变结构控制策略对一个已建成的实际海洋平台结构的TLCD半主动控制问题进行了数值仿真分析。仿真分析的结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

分散滑移模态控制法在高层建筑结构抗震中的应用

分散控制与集中控制策略相比可以提高结构控制系统的可靠性。文中将分散控制和滑移模态控制算法原理相结合,导出分散滑移模态控制(decentralized sliding mode control,DSMC)算法并应用于高层结构振动控制中。该方法是将结构分解为若干个子结构,分别进行滑移模态控制。文中以某20层钢结构Benchmark模型为例,分别进行3个子结构与4个子结构的分散控制数值计算,与线性二次型最优控制(Linear quadratic optimal control,LQR)效果相比,DSMC算法可以有效地抑制结构位移和加速度反应。     

基础隔震建筑混合控制的变结构趋近律方法

本文对叠层胶支座基础震建筑的混合振动控制问题进行了研究。利用控制律设计的变结构趋近律方法,给出了相应的闭环控制律表示式。     

巨型框架-支撑结构的非线性地震反应分析

巨型框架-支撑结构体系是一种新型的巨型结构体系,是在吸取巨型框架结构体系和巨型桁架结构体系优点的基础上被提出的。对巨型框架-支撑结构进行了罕遇地震下的弹塑性时程分析。结果表明,巨型框架-支撑结构的动力性能优越,是一种高效的巨型结构体系。     

基于结构控制的框架优化刚度研究

本文结合《建筑抗震设计规范》及结构控制理论，建立起框架结构刚度优化模型及控制力与刚度的联合优化模型，最后得到刚度的优化分布规律。     

基于神经网络的滑移隔震结构智能半主动控制

考虑上部结构的刚度和阻尼,使用神经网络控制算法计算基底摩擦力的大小,研究了滑移隔震结构的半主动控制。对计算实例的分析表明,通过半主动控制的滑移隔震结构不但具有较好的隔震效果,且能有效地减小基底的最大滑移量及残余位移。为对比各种控制方法的控制效果,文中还利用Bang-Bang控制和瞬时最优控制算法对滑移隔震结构进行了半主动控制。对比分析表明,基于神经网络控制算法的控制效果优于其它控制算法,具有反馈量少,稳健性强等特点。     

A new friction law for sliding rigid blocks under cyclic loading

A rigid block sliding down an inclined plane under the action of gravity was monitored with accelerometers and an LVDT to investigate how the transition from static to kinetic friction develops. Once the transition patterns were identified, experiments were carried out to study the response of a dynamically excited rigid block sliding down the inclined plane of a shaking table. Harmonic time series were used as input motions. The laboratory results allowed the definition of a continuous friction law to model the continuous variation of the friction from its static to kinetic condition. This law was implemented into the commercial 3D distinct element code 3DEC to numerically reproduce the experiments carried out, thus validating the friction law. Afterwards, the friction law was used to evaluate the sliding due to the kinetics of the block. Three cases were analyzed: constant friction coefficient, Coulomb friction law and the proposed friction law. These computations were compared to laboratory measurements. It is found that permanent displacements computed by considering the new law are in better agreement with laboratory measurements.     

Study of the seismic response of a recycled aggregate concrete frame structure

Based on six-degree-of-freedom three-dimensional shaking table tests, the seismic response of a recycled aggregate concrete （RAC） frame was obtained. The analysis results indicate that the maximum story shear force and overturning moment reduce proportionally along the height of the model under the same earthquake wave. The story shear force, base shear coefficient and overturning moment of the structure increase progressively as the acceleration amplitude increases. The base shear coefficient is primarily controlled by the peak ground acceleration （PGA）. The relationships between the PGA and the shear coefficient as well as between the PGA and the dynamic amplification factor are obtained by mathematical fitting. The dynamic amplification factor decreases rapidly at the elastic-plastic stage, but decreases slowly with the development of the elastic-plasticity stage. The results show that the RAC frame structure has reasonable deformability when compared with natural aggregate concrete frame structures. The maximum inter-story drift ratios of the RAC frame model under frequent and rare intensity 8 test phases are 1/266 and 1/29, respectively, which are larger than the allowable value of 1/500 and 1/50 according to Chinese seismic design requirements. Nevertheless, the RAC frame structure does not collapse under base excitations with PGAs from 0.066 g up to 1.170 g.     

CFRP布加固损伤钢筋混凝土框架的抗震试验研究

将用碳纤维布加固的损伤混凝土框架结构试件,进行水平低周反复荷载作用下的试验研究.根据试验现象和数据,分析了碳纤维布加固损伤混凝土框架结构在模拟地震作用下,裂缝及塑性铰出现的顺序和位置;绘出了试件的滞回曲线、骨架曲线.结果表明碳纤维布加固损伤框架结构有较好的耗能能力;延性系数达到4.5;其耗能机制是"梁端和柱端均屈服的混合机制",建议CFRP布横向加固至柱和基础连接处的根部.     

地震动反应谱与RC框架结构地震响应相关性分析

弹塑性时程分析一般用来评估和验算结构抗震性能,如何选取合适的输入地震动是其中关键工作之一。为给结构弹塑性时程分析选取地震动提供合理的参考参数,本文讨论了地震动反应谱参数与结构地震响应之间的相关性。首先建立了6层和7层两个钢筋混凝土(RC)框架结构数值模型,分别对两个结构进行了大量地震动作用下的时程反应分析,并考察了地震反应特点;然后将结构地震响应与地震动反应谱参数建立关系并进行了相关性分析。结果表明:对RC框架而言,结构地震响应与弹性谱参数相关性较小,与等强度反应谱相关性随标准屈服强度降低而增大,与等延性反应谱相关性随延性增大而增大,而与地震动输入能量谱在标准屈服强度较小时相关性最大。建议RC框架结构在进行地震反应时程分析时,可以参考地震动的弹塑性输入能量谱、等强度速度谱和等延性加速度或位移谱,以选取引起结构不同地震反应水平的输入地震动。本文结果和结论可供结构弹塑性时程分析选取合适的输入地震动参考。     

框架结构极限荷载分析便捷解法在抗震设计中的应用

简要介绍了框架结构在地震作用下极限荷载分析的便捷解法。用该方法对一个框架结构进行了详细的分析，并且进行了几个方案的比较。利用便捷解法通过对结构方案的调整，提高了结构的极限承载力，并改善了破坏时结构的塑性铰的分布。     

摩擦隔震结构中不同摩擦力模型在地震作用下结构响应分析

本文选用两种摩擦力模型来分析隔震结构的地震响应，运用newmark方法推导了隔震结构采用库仑摩擦力模型在地震作用下结构响应的计算公式。并编程计算了实例，进行了综合分析，得出质量比、摩擦系数对隔震效果的影响；并给出在其他结构参数相对稳定的条件下，滑移面摩擦系数的取值范围。     

Improved design of sliding mode control for civil structures with saturation problem

A systematic and improved design procedure for sliding mode control (SMC) of seismically excited civil structures with saturation problem is provided in this paper. In order to restrict the control force to a certain level, a procedure for determining the upper limits of the control forces for single or multiple control units is proposed based on the design response spectrum of external loads. Further, an efficient procedure using the LQR method for determining sliding surfaces appropriate for different controller types is provided through the parametric evaluation of the dynamic characteristics of sliding surfaces in terms of SMC controller performance. Finally, a systematic design procedure for SMC required to achieve a given performance level is provided and its effectiveness is verified by applying it to multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) systems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

框架结构地震输入能量影响因素研究

通过对框架结构弹塑性地震输入能量反应的分析,采用基于等效单自由度体系的振型分解能量求解方法,输入多条真实地震波,综合分析了地震动三要素对地震总输入能量的影响规律,通过实例计算表明:框架结构体系的输入能量与地震波的峰值平方成正比,地震波的卓越周期越大、持时越长,总输入能量也越大.     

高强钢筋高强混凝土框架结构非线性地震反应分析

研究配有高强钢筋的高强混凝土框架结构的抗震性能.采用OpenSees开放式软件对配有高强钢筋的高强混凝土框架结构进行了地震作用下的非线性有限元分析,并将计算结果与同等参数条件下的结构拟动力试验进行了对比.得到不同峰值加速度情况下的结构层间反应时程曲线,层间位移滞回曲线,以及破坏模式等,数值计算结果与试验吻合程度较好.研究结果表明利用基于OpenSees的有限元分析方法,能够有效地分析配有高强钢筋的高强混凝土框架结构的地震响应,可以辅助研究该结构的抗震性能.     

基于平面框架拟静力试验的RC框架柱的破坏模式研究

以2008年汶川地震中漩口中学倒塌的教学楼中的钢筋混凝土柱为原型,按照1∶4的比例进行缩尺,通过平面框架拟静力试验对不同剪跨比下 RC 框架柱的破坏模式进行研究.设计3组不同剪跨比(λ=3、λ=4．25及λ=6)的 RC框架柱模型.采用拟静力试验对 RC框架柱进行加载,得到 RC框架柱的滞回曲线、骨架曲线以及不同的破坏模式,定义 RC框架柱抗剪承载力与轴力之比为抗震性能系数α.利用3组试验数据,总结基于抗震性能系数α 的 RC框架柱破坏规律:当抗震性能系数α＜0．16时,RC框架柱发生弯曲破坏,而当α≥0．16时,其发生剪切破坏.因此,在 RC框架柱的抗震设计中应重视抗震性能系数α 的取值,避免柱发生剪切脆性破坏.文章对应变计算剪力的3种方法进行比较,得出线性情况下有效的剪力计算方法,即在试验中通过实测的应变信息反演出 RC框架柱端真实受力状态.     

框架结构SMA阻尼器被动控制模拟分析

介绍了形状记忆合金(SMA)阻尼器的性能,引入其本构关系,建立其热力学方程。针对所提出的阻尼器及相关参数选择,利用ANSYS进行框架结构中的被动控制模拟。将所得的未加与加入SMA阻尼器下顶层位移进行比较,发现SMA阻尼器可以很好地提高框架结构的抗震性能,并提出进一步研究的方法。     

爆破地震波作用下框架结构与地基共同工作的非线性动力分析

对岩石爆破地震波作用下房屋结构进行了动力分析，建立了岩土爆破地震波作用下地基与房屋结构共同工作的非线性时程分析方法。并利用福建周宁水电站地下厂房开挖爆破的地震波，对其周边的一栋七层钢筋混凝土框架结构进行了实例分析，通过与构造地震波作用下结构的动力反应进行了对比，对其安全性进行了评估。