莱州湾东岸沿岸输沙率及冲淤演化动态分析

采用美国<海岸防护手册>的CERC公式对莱州湾东岸的沿岸输沙率进行计算;同时根据莱州湾东岸自身特征,采用岬间海湾平面平衡形态经验模型-抛物线模型对莱州湾东岸的平衡状态进行预测,结合两者分析得出莱州湾东岸的冲淤演化动态:屺姆岛南侧西端略有冲刷;龙口湾顶基本无泥沙进出;招远岸段遭受严重的侵蚀;石虎咀处于淤积状态.针对侵蚀岸段提出了防止海岸蚀退的对策.     

围填海工程对莱州湾水动力条件的影响

本文采用数值模拟的方法研究了2003—2013年10年来围填海工程建设对莱州湾水动力环境的影响。结果表明2003—2013年围填海工程的建设导致了莱州湾海域面积减小7.38%;围填海工程使莱州湾流速整体呈减小趋势,流速减小超过4cm/s面积约占整个海湾面积的24.3%,流速增加大于4cm/s区域仅占4.0%,流向变化整体较小;莱州湾的纳潮量明显减小,平均纳潮量减小了5.57%;围填海工程建设使莱州湾水交换率略有减小。围填海工程弱化了莱州湾的海湾属性。     

龙口湾的开发利用与保护

探讨了龙口湾的开发功能、利用和保护问题，认为龙口湾的最重要功能是港口建设，同时应兼顾其他方面的发展；还指出在海湾开发的同时，应加强对海湾和沿岸土地的管理与保护。     

2005/2006年度莱州湾东部的海冰灾害及其影响

莱州湾是水深较浅的半封闭海湾,与外海海水的交换缓慢,受黄河等十几条入海河流汇入的淡水影响使海水的盐度较低.受寒潮影响莱州湾内海冰灾害发生频繁.莱州湾的海冰灾害分5个冰情等级.在冬季气温偏高的年份,莱州湾内形成Ⅰ、Ⅱ级海冰,沿岸一般没有固定冰形成;一般年份形成Ⅲ级海冰,西岸和南岸冰情较严重,有固定冰形成;在冬季气温偏低的年份,形成Ⅳ级或Ⅴ级海冰,南岸、西岸的固定冰宽度较大,有时整个莱州湾海面都分布流冰.2005年末～2006年初在莱州湾东岸形成了一次较严重的海冰灾害,莱州市近海海湾扇贝养殖的经济损失达400万元以上.为减轻未来海冰灾害带来的损失提出了加强海冰灾害的监测和预报技术研究,严格管理近海养殖生产作业,莱州湾沿岸地方政府应制定<海冰灾害应急预案>,建设和完善海冰灾害应急防御体系等防御海冰灾害的对策.     

莱州湾海洋渔业现状

莱州湾位于渤海南部山东半岛的北侧，海湾面积６９６６ｋｍ＾２，海岸线长３１９．０６ｋｍ，是渤海内三大海湾之一，是山东省的最大海湾，是我国北方的重要渔场之一。了解莱州湾海洋渔业现状，对于“海上山东”建设和今后正确引导黄渤海渔业资源的保护与开发都是十分必要的。     

龙口港增水极值预报方法的初步探讨

一、概 况 龙口港位于莱州湾东岸,是山东省的一个比较重要的客货运港口。沿海地形平坦,北部水深较浅,属不正规半日潮港。因莱州湾开口东北向,故每当渤海海面出现东北大风时龙口地区易出现增水。同时,由于港口北侧横一东西走向的臂状半岛——屺姆岛。使港湾开口向西,如遇东北大风急转偏西向风,亦易形成海水倒灌。因此,研究龙口港风暴潮生成机制及一般特征,给出预报方法就显得特别重要。     

龙口湾大振幅假潮形成的数值模拟

龙口湾是出现假潮比较显著的海湾之一,据统计1972-1981年间,平均每年出现6次40cm以上的振动,1980年9月1日观测到水位振动的最大振幅达293cm,同日的气压波也有7个hPa的起伏.本文用数值模拟的方法,初步探讨了气压扰动和在龙口湾1980年9月1日观测到的假潮之间的定量关系,证实了在龙口湾中出现的大振幅假潮的确是由于移动气压波扰动激起湾外长波,传入湾内发生共振所导致的.直接由气压波扰动很难导致大振幅假潮的发生.     

莱州湾污染严重

莱州湾西起东营市神仙沟口,东至龙口市屺(山母)岛,海湾总面积约6400平方公里。莱州湾的生物资源丰富,种类繁多,分布回游的渔业种类有260余种,较重要的经济鱼类和无脊椎动物近80种。但由于近些年沿海工业的发展,排污量增加,海     

污着生物对莱州湾海湾扇贝养殖的危害及防除研究

海湾扇贝在我国北方沿海自２０世纪８０年代引进以来,已形成规模化生产。本文将通过多年养殖实践着重讨论海洋污着生物对莱州市金城镇海湾扇贝养殖的危害及对策,并介绍一些有效的防除方法。１海湾扇贝养殖网笼上的污着生物的基本情况及危害莱州湾在１９８６年开始试养海湾扇贝,     

渤海莱州湾滨海平原晚第四纪地质事件与古环境

莱州湾为渤海三大海湾之一,西面及南面均为滨海平原,是华北平原的组成部分。莱州湾滨海平原在山东低山丘陵与莱州湾之间 莱州湾滨海平原第四纪古地理环境的调查研究始于50年代,60年代以来,随着地下水资源和油气的开发,第四纪地层与沉积环境的研究开始深化。作者自70年代以来，在本区开展了第四纪地下卤水资源、海平面変化与地下咸水入侵等问题的研究，以上研究均以第四纪古地理环境为宏观背景。本文系上述研究结果的阶段总结,为今后本领域研究工作与资源开发、环境保护等方面提供了依据。     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.