损伤谱在结构抗震性能评估中的应用

改进能力谱法可以较好地评估结构抗震性能,在工程中得到了广泛的应用.本文在此基础上指出,由改进能力谱方法求得的延性是结构的延性需求,并不是结构的实际延性能力,不能以此代表结构在罕遇地震作用下的实际抗震能力.其次,基于弹塑性损伤反应谱(简称"RD谱"),结合模态Pushover分析,提出了基于RD谱的能力谱分析方法,通过R...     

含剪力墙钢筋混凝土结构抗震能力的评估方法及应用

根据我国现行抗震设计规范、混凝土结构设计规范以及目前既有建筑结构抗震能力研究成果,借鉴强度与延性评估理论,探讨了一种适合我国工程实际的既有含剪力墙钢筋混凝土结构的抗震能力评估方法。应用自行编制的评估程序EAC-RCSW应用于一工程实例,表明该方法可定量评估含剪力墙钢筋混凝土结构的抗震能力。     

基于自由振动响应的基础隔震建筑减震能力评估方法研究

目前国内外已修建完成了大量隔震建筑,但仅有少量经受了地震检验,绝大部分隔震结构减震能力能否达到设计目标尚存疑问.本文针对基础隔震建筑,提出了一种基于自由振动响应的减震能力评估方法.首先,对隔震建筑进行多级幅值初位移自由振动原位试验,获取结构的抗震能力曲线;其次,根据地震反应谱建立地震需求曲面,进而确定隔震结构性能点;最...     

基于位移的抗震设计中结构设计承载力的取值研究

合理的设计承载力取值能确保结构满足各性能水平的承载力需要。本文将多自由度结构等效为相应的单自由度体系,并假定单自由度体系为理想弹塑性体;根据结构各性能水平的目标位移,由能力谱法确定相应的实际承载力需求,取其中最大值作为结构实际承载力需求;引入超强系数定义结构实际承载力与设计承载力的比例关系,进而由实际承载力需求除以超强系数得到结构设计承载力,以此为依据对结构构件进行截面承载力设计,确保了结构能够满足性能目标要求。通过例题说明了本文方法的计算过程,并由静力弹塑性分析验证了其可行性。     

基于复杂网络的建筑物强震下抗毁性估计模型

城市所处的地震危险性环境和城市建筑物的易损性是影响复杂网络建筑物强震环境下抗毁能力的关键因素。由于现阶段对建筑物抗震抗毁能力的评定仍存在一定困难,对建筑物震害程度测评只能通过强震之后建筑物受破坏的程度进行评估,且评估结果不够精准,因此提出基于复杂网络的建筑物抗震能力的评估方法。考虑到地震中的危险性因素,以地面峰值加速度为参数对强震环境下复杂网络建筑物抗毁性进行测评和分析,在此基础上提出对复杂网络下建筑物的防震抗毁能力进行评估的相对建筑物抗震性能指数,并结合建筑物抗震能力评估标准确定其抗震能力水平;再进行仿真实验加以测量,并结合震害经验,证实该方法的有效性。     

基于公路工程规范地震需求谱研究

从解决桥梁结构的实际问题出发,根据桥梁结构的抗震能力及计力法的需要,由于强度折减系数R与延性系数μ的关系建立弹塑性反应谱的原理,建立了基于《公路工程抗震设计规范》(JTJ 004-89)给出的弹性反应谱的非弹性地震需求谱,为桥梁结构抗震性能评价的研究提供参考意见。     

基于改进点估计法的结构整体概率抗震能力分析

确定能力中位值和能力离差值是结构整体概率抗震能力分析的两个关键问题,文中分析了现有方法存在的缺点。在Zhao-Ono点估计法的基础上,引入基于随机向量边缘概率分布信息的Nataf变换,提出了改进的点估计法。将改进点估计法与Pushover分析相结合,提出了评估结构整体概率抗震能力统计矩的随机Pushover分析方法。以某五层三跨钢筋混凝土框架结构为例,应用本方法,进行结构整体概率抗震能力分析,得到了结构整体抗震能力的易损性曲线。分析表明,所提方法是一种具有较高效率和较好精度的结构整体概率抗震能力的分析方法。     

应用ATC-40能力谱法评估结构目标位移

基于性能的抗震设计思想已得到国际上的普遍认可,其发展的一种趋势是建立简单的非线性方法确定结构非线性行为。非线性静力方法作为计算结构非线性行为的一种方法在工程界已得到普遍应用,其中ATC-40使用的能力谱法及改进的能力谱法是简化的非线性静力分析的主要方法。本文通过实例详细介绍并对比研究了这两种方法,发现ATC-40能力谱法低估了结构变形,改进的能力谱法(用非弹性设计谱建立需求谱)提供了相对较为准确的值。     

基于已有地震的云南农居易损性矩阵分区研究

建筑物易损性矩阵是震后房屋直接经济损失初评估的重要计算参数。根据地域特征,把云南地区分为滇东北、滇西—滇西北以及滇南—滇西南地区,基于1993—2017年57次破坏性地震的震害资料,运用基于已有震害数据的经验分析法和经验震害矩阵完善的方法构建不同分区云南农居易损性矩阵;再通过各类建筑破坏比概率和易损性指数分析不同建筑结构的抗震能力以及不同分区同类结构的抗震能力。结果表明:土木结构和砖木结构具有较大的区域差异,滇东北地区土木结构、砖木结构抗震能力最差;砖混结构、框架结构抗震能力区域差异不明显。     

能力谱方法在桥梁抗震性能评估中的应用研究

位移延性是桥梁抗震性能的重要指标之一,以Pushover分析为基础的能力谱方法能够考察结构在地震下的弹塑性位移响应,是抗震性能评估的一种有效手段.文中阐述了能力谱法的基本原理,说明了基于弹塑性反应谱的能力谱方法在求解性能点时不需要进行迭代计算;基于弹性设计反应谱建立了相对应的弹塑性反应谱,结合某实桥,将能力谱方法和增量动力分析方法进行了对比,并根据不同的地震基本烈度和场地土类型进行了抗震性能评估.分析认为,能力谱方法计算简便,对结构1阶振型的地震响应占主导时,具有较好的精度,并能够基于设计反应谱来考察结构的弹塑性抗震性能,可用于桥梁抗震性能的评估.     

Estimation of the behavior factor of existing RC-MRF buildings

In recent years, several research groups have studied a new generation of analysis methods for seismic response assessment of existing buildings. Nevertheless, many important developments are still needed in order to define more reliable and effective assessment procedures. Moreover, regarding existing buildings, it should be highlighted that due to the low knowledge level, the linear elastic analysis is the only analysis method allowed. The same codes (such as NTC2008, EC8) consider the linear dynamic analysis with behavior factor as the reference method for the evaluation of seismic demand. This type of analysis is based on a linear-elastic structural model subject to a design spectrum, obtained by reducing the elastic spectrum through a behavior factor. The behavior factor (reduction factor or q factor in some codes) is used to reduce the elastic spectrum ordinate or the forces obtained from a linear analysis in order to take into account the non-linear structural capacities. The behavior factors should be defined based on several parameters that influence the seismic nonlinear capacity, such as mechanical materials characteristics, structural system, irregularity and design procedures. In practical applications, there is still an evident lack of detailed rules and accurate behavior factor values adequate for existing buildings. In this work, some investigations of the seismic capacity of the main existing RC-MRF building types have been carried out. In order to make a correct evaluation of the seismic force demand, actual behavior factor values coherent with force based seismic safety assessment procedure have been proposed and compared with the values reported in the Italian seismic code, NTC08.     

Seismic damage evaluation in urban areas using the capacity spectrum method: Application to Barcelona

Conceptual aspects related to seismic vulnerability, damage and risk evaluation are discussed first, together with a short review of the most widely used possibilities for seismic evaluation of structures. The capacity spectrum method and the way of obtaining seismic damage scenarios for urban areas starting from capacity and fragility curves are then discussed. The determination of capacity curves for buildings using non-linear structural analysis tools is then explained, together with a simplified expeditious procedure allowing the development of fragility curves. The seismic risk of the buildings of Barcelona, Spain, is analyzed in the paper, based on the application of the capacity spectrum method. The seismic hazard in the area of the city is described by means of the reduced 5% damped elastic response spectrum. The information on the buildings was obtained by collecting, arranging, improving and completing a broad database of the dwellings and current buildings. The buildings existing in Barcelona are mainly of two types: unreinforced masonry structures and reinforced concrete buildings with waffled-slab floors. The ArcView software was used to create a GIS tool for managing the collected information in order to develop seismic risk scenarios. This study shows that the vulnerability of the buildings is significant in Barcelona and, therefore, in spite of the low-to-moderate seismic hazard in the region, the expected seismic risk is considerable.     

Fuzzy rule based seismic risk assessment of one-story precast industrial buildings

Efficient tools capable of using uncertain data to produce fast and approximate results are more practical in rapid decision-making applications when compared to conventional methods. From this point of view, this study introduces a risk assessment model for one-story precast industrial buildings by fuzzy logic which builds a bridge between uncertainty and precision. The input, output and relations of the fuzzy based risk assessment model(FBRAM) were determined by reference buildings. The Monte Carlo simulation method was used to handle uncertainties associated with the structural characteristics of the reference buildings. Section dimension, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, column height related to building elevation, confinement ratio and seismic hazard are regarded as input and the plastic demand ratio is considered as the output parameter by the mathematical formulation of strength and deformation capacity of the buildings. The supervised learning method was used to determine the membership function of fuzzy sets. Fuzzy rules of FBRAM were constructed from Monte Carlo simulation by mapping of inputs and output. FBRAM was evaluated by a group of simulated buildings and two existing precast industrial buildings. Comparisons have shown significant agreement with analytical model results in both cases. Consequently, it is anticipated that the proposed model can be used for the seismic risk mitigation of precast buildings.     

Damage‐dependent vulnerability curves for existing buildings

Seismic behavior of damaged buildings may be expressed as a function of their REsidual Capacity (REC), which is a measure of seismic capacity, reduced by damage. REC can be interpreted as the median value of collapse vulnerability curves. Its variation owing to damage is a useful indication of increased building vulnerability. REC reduction, indicating the lowering of seismic safety after an earthquake (performance loss, PL), represents an effective index for assessing the need of seismic repair/strengthening after earthquakes. The study investigates the applicability of a pushover‐based method in the analysis of damaged structures for the case of existing under‐designed RC buildings. The paper presents a systematization of the procedure in an assessment framework that applies the capacity spectrum method based on inelastic demand spectra; furthermore, the vulnerability variation of a real building is investigated with a detailed case study. The behavior of damaged buildings is simulated with pushover analysis through suitable modification of plastic hinges (in terms of stiffness, strength and residual drift) for damaged elements. The modification of plastic hinges has been calibrated in tests on nonconforming columns. The case study analysis evidenced that, for minor or moderate damages, the original structural displacement capacity was only slightly influenced, but the ductility capacity was significantly reduced (up to 40%) because of the increased structure deformability. This implied performance loss in the range 10%–20%. For severe damages the PL ranged between 41% and 56%. Local mechanism types exhibit PL nearly double with respect to global mechanism types. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic evaluation of an existing complex RC building

The seismic evaluation of existing buildings is a more difficult task than the seismic design of new buildings. Non-linear methods are needed if realistic results are to be obtained. However, the application to real complex structures of various evaluation procedures, which have usually been tested on highly idealized structural models, is by no means straightforward. In the paper, a practice-oriented procedure for the seismic evaluation of building structures, based on the N2 method, is presented, together with the application of this method to an existing multi-storey reinforced concrete building. This building, which is asymmetric in plan and irregular in elevation, consists of structural walls and frames. It was designed in 1962 for gravity loads and a minimum horizontal loading (2% of the total weight). The main results presented in terms of the global and local seismic demands are compared with the results of non-linear dynamic response-history analyses. As expected, the structure would fail if subjected to the design seismic action according to Eurocode 8. The shear capacity of the structural walls is the most critical. If the shear capacity of these elements was adequate, the structure would be able to survive the design ground motion according to Eurocode 8, in spite of the very low level of design horizontal forces. The applied approach proved to be a feasible tool for the seismic evaluation of complex structures. However, due to the large randomness and uncertainty which are involved in the determination of both the seismic demand and the seismic capacity, only rough estimates of the seismic behaviour of such structures can be obtained.     

Capacity spectrum method based on inelastic demand spectra

By means of a graphical procedure, the capacity spectrum method compares the capacity of a structure with the demands of earthquake ground motion on it. In the present version of the method, highly damped elastic spectra have been used to determine seismic demand. A more straightforward approach for the determination of seismic demand is based on the use of the inelastic strength and displacement spectra which can be obtained directly by time-history analyses of inelastic SDOF systems, or indirectly from elastic spectra. The advantages of the two approaches (i.e. the visual representation of the capacity spectrum method and the superior physical basis of inelastic demand spectra) can be combined. In this paper, the idea of using inelastic demand spectra within the capacity spectrum method has been elaborated and is presented in an easy to use format. The approach represents the so-called N2 method formulated in the format of the capacity spectrum method. By reversing the procedure, a direct displacement-based design can be performed. The application of the modified capacity spectrum method is illustrated by means of two examples. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

交错桁架多层钢结构推倒分析方法研究

随着基于性能的抗震设计思想的发展,推倒分析开始成为罕遇地震下多、高层结构抗震设计的有力工具。本文以交错桁架多层钢结构为例,采用推倒分析对其在E l Centro波作用下的地震反应进行研究,分别采用位移系数法和能力谱法确定结构目标位移,同时进行结构在相同地震动下的弹塑性时程分析。研究表明,推倒分析能准确地评价交错桁架多层钢结构的抗震性能,采用位移系数法和能力谱法确定的结构顶点侧移均与弹塑性时程分析吻合较好,对层间位移及塑性铰分布的预测,能力谱法比位移系数法更为准确。     

基于地震动参数的建筑物震害研究

本文介绍了多步简化的push—over(MSP)方法,引导出求解单体建筑物易损性指数和群体建筑物易损性指数的办法,并通过建筑物平均易损性指数曲线,来评价城市的总体抗震性能。本文不采用过去以烈度为地震输入的易损性评定方法,采用地震动参数作为城市建筑物易损性的评定标准。给出的易损性指数曲线,可用来查找不同地震动参数下各类建筑物的易损性结果,比较城市各类建筑物的抗震性能。本文研究可望在城市建筑物震害评估中有好的应用前景。