利用场地观测计算地表通量

高原地表的感热和潜热通量在亚洲季风系统中有很重要的作用。由于高原地域辽阔，且自然环境较严酷，不利于建立完善的地面观测系统。因此，卫星遥感观测就成为测算高原整体感热和潜热通量的有效工具。地面场地的观测结果作为地表通量的真实值，对于卫星遥感测算是非常重要的。它也为构建陆面—大气模型提供了科学依据，是卫星资料的资料同化系统中的重要组成部分。 计算场地热量通量有几种不同的处理方法。最简单的方法利用有效的观测和试验的参数，可以给出稳定连续的估计。愈精确的Bowen比或者廓线的观测能给出愈精确的信息。综合了湍流测量及辐射测量、土壤热通量的观测结果的估计对陆面—大气相互作用进行了详细的描述，以适应模式的发展。从1998年开始，这些方法联合应用到青藏高原；场地通量观测方面的成果以及目前对其理解将在本文中做一概述。     

高密度电法测量系统作常规联合剖面的研究

研究了运用高密度电法观测系统作常规电法联合剖面的野外工作方法及数据整理过程，运用高密度电法观测系统，将高密度电法测量与常规联合剖面测量同时进行，有利于对异常体作分析解释。     

连续正交地面磁测用于评价含油性

分析了石油勘探中高精度磁测未能获得高品质资料的原因，认为高精度资料与高品质资料并非等同，进而提出连续正交地面磁测观测技术。指出连续的磁力观测能够增大信息密度，避免因抽样引起品质降低；正交观测可以较好地控制垂直地质构造走向或称顺测线方向有意义的局部异常，消除由于测量原因导致的顺测线干扰，同时通过交点平差可提高观测精度。利用剖面与平面数据的抽样与统计证实了方法的有效性，并引用一个失败的例子说明所提出方法的必要性。认为现阶段开展连续正交地面磁测已具备了仪器与技术基础，具有可行性。     

浅谈应用钻孔岩心与地表土壤磁化率测量勘查层间氧化带砂岩型铀矿的可能性

磁化率测量是勘查铀矿的一种可能方法。在实际工作中，有人观测钻孔岩心的磁化率，也有人测量土壤的磁化率，在有条件时还有人进行磁化率测井工作。     

中深部矿产资源勘探井中阵列激电方法研究

激发极化法具有观测参数多、观测装置灵活以及对电子导电矿物反应灵敏等特点，在矿产资源勘探中优势明显。为提高激电法对中深部矿产资源的探测能力，这里借助井地观测空间与钻孔揭露的地质信息，系统研究了井中激电阵列观测方法、正演模拟与反演成像技术。首先，设计了两种井中激电阵列观测方法；然后，推导了连续介质模型井中激电2.5维有限元正演模拟的理论公式，给出了井中激电多装置联合约束反演的线性方程；最后，对复杂地电模型的模拟数据和水槽实验数据进行反演试算，验证了本文研究的井中阵列激电法在中深部矿产资源勘探的可行性。     

GNSS静态测量在采矿权勘测定界中的应用

为维护矿产资源开发秩序,充分利用矿业权实地核查成果,进一步加强对采矿权人日常勘查开采行为的精细化管理,需要对采矿权进行勘测定界,在采矿区建立控制网。采用GNSS静态测量仍是布设采矿区高精度控制网的首选方法。在实际工作中,根据采矿权范围的大小和实际分布的情况,对GNSS静态测量控制网边连式常规观测方法和多基准站点模式观测方法应用实例的分析,总结了边连式常规观测方法和多基准站点观测模式布网法的特点和精度情况以及利用多基准站点观测模式布网法进行GNSS控制网测量时应注意的问题。     

基于误差方程常数项的变权迭代法在核电测量中的运用

测量平差处理过程中对大量的观测数据进行误差性质的有效实时甄别,尽量减少误差较大的观测值对最终成果质量的显著影响,在测量数据处理中具有重要的意义。结合核电平面控制测量特点,给出了判别方向、距离观测异常值阀值的简易计算方法,可以对异常观测值进行有效探测;指出在求解待定点未知参数前对异常值进行动态定权,可以保证最终观测成果质量不受异常值的显著影响,相对稳健估计利用验后观测值残差动态定权,可以提高数据处理效率及质量。     

高密度电阻率法中二极装置的一些理论与实验研究结果

本文提出高密度二极视电阻率测量的方法技术，并根据理论计算及实验研究结果，论证了方法的有效性，证实了高密度二极测量兼有剖面和测深的效果．由于采用了多道连续测量的技术，将增强克服干扰的能力，提高实际观测精度和野外工作效率．     

带有稳谱功能的α能谱氡测量仪的研制

本文介绍了一种用于氡析出率测量的α能谱测量仪。这种仪器采用软、硬件结合的稳谱方式提高仪器稳定性和测量的重现性；可以针对不同测量要求设置不同探测核素，以达到避免探测器污染、节省测量时间的目的；系统通过Windows界面的测谱软件，对测量进行控制、对谱线进行操作和显示全谱。文中介绍了该仪器组成、性能、特点、温湿度影响的抑制方法、采样方式、氡析出率换算方法以及测量图谱性质分析。     

卫星测高仪及其在海洋观测中的应用

卫星测高仪能快速、全天候、全球进行观测，因此成为海洋观测的重要手段。本文简要叙述卫星测高仪的发展规况和工作原理， 着重介绍了该技术在测定大地水准面、反演地球内部构造、海洋面测量、海流探测以及海洋雨图测量等方面的应用。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861