聚合物溶液在地下连续墙施工中的试验研究

简要叙述了一种新型地下连续墙施工稳定液——聚合物溶液的研制及其与细分散泥浆性能的对比，这种新型聚合物溶液克服了目前使用的地下连续墙稳定液品种单一、性能较差的缺点，满足复杂地层的地下连续墙施工需要。同时阐述了这种稳定液的组成成分和性能及其主要特点。     

地下连续墙施工中低固相不分散聚合物稳定液的应用

针对上海外滩金融中心基坑围护工程地下连续墙施工中地层及环境情况，在分析传统的膨润土-NaCMC泥浆体系存在缺点的基础上，研制了新型的低固相不分散聚合物稳定液。     

地下连续墙施工稳定液的试验研究

目前，我国使用的地下连续墙稳定液品种单一、性能较差，不能满足复杂地怪的地下连续墙施工。根据现代地下连续墙成槽工艺及地下连续墙对稳定液的要求，我们在室内研制了聚合物溶液，以满足现代地下施工的需要。     

软土地层地下连续墙成槽护壁泥浆研究

含砂性土等软土地层地下连续墙成槽施工,基槽侧壁易扰动坍塌,影响地下连续墙施工质量。降低泥浆失水量、适当提高泥浆粘度和防塌是护壁成槽的关键。结合宁波轨道交通车站基坑地下连续墙成槽施工,采用部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(PHP)、聚丙烯腈钙(CPAN)和硝基腐植酸钾(NKHm)作为添加剂,根据正交试验测定泥浆性能优化配比。研究表明：PHP失水量小,泥皮薄;CPAN和NKHm对降失水量效果明显,粘度适中。将试验结果应用于工程实践,护壁效果好。     

基于沉桩模拟试验的装配式地下连续墙沉桩阻力评估方法

装配式地下连续墙通过工厂预制、现场沉桩方式快速施工,具有施工文明、环境污染小的特点,是我国城市轨道交通基坑支护领域的重要发展方向。装配式地下连续墙现场施工的关键在于大截面预制板桩沉桩过程的控制,沉桩设计中需综合考虑沉桩阻力计算及预成槽泥浆状态的控制问题。针对装配式地下连续墙沉桩阻力的评估计算,通过模型桩室内沉桩试验系统研究了不同预成槽泥浆状态下的桩侧摩阻力、桩端阻力分布规律,提出了装配式地下连续墙自重沉桩及预压沉桩情形下的预成槽泥浆状态控制标准确定方法。结合预成槽模型桩室内沉桩试验结果,建立了装配式地下连续墙沉桩阻力评估模型,提出了预成槽泥浆状态控制范围,开发了预制桩沉桩可行性评估软件。其中,1.2 m标准幅预制桩自重沉桩的泥浆比重不应超过1.15 g/cm~3,30 t预压沉桩不应超过1.33 g/cm~3。     

基于沉桩模拟试验的装配式地下连续墙沉桩阻力评估方法

装配式地下连续墙通过工厂预制、现场沉桩方式快速施工,具有施工文明、环境污染小的特点,是我国城市轨道交通基坑支护领域的重要发展方向。装配式地下连续墙现场施工的关键在于大截面预制板桩沉桩过程的控制,沉桩设计中需综合考虑沉桩阻力计算及预成槽泥浆状态的控制问题。针对装配式地下连续墙沉桩阻力的评估计算,通过模型桩室内沉桩试验系统研究了不同预成槽泥浆状态下的桩侧摩阻力、桩端阻力分布规律,提出了装配式地下连续墙自重沉桩及预压沉桩情形下的预成槽泥浆状态控制标准确定方法。结合预成槽模型桩室内沉桩试验结果,建立了装配式地下连续墙沉桩阻力评估模型,提出了预成槽泥浆状态控制范围,开发了预制桩沉桩可行性评估软件。其中,1.2 m标准幅预制桩自重沉桩的泥浆比重不应超过1.15 g/cm~3,30 t预压沉桩不应超过1.33 g/cm~3。     

地下连续墙施工技术

地下连续墙是一种科学先进的施工方法。由于地下连续墙既可用作地下工程的防渗挡土结构墙,又可用作建筑物的承重基础墙,所以已成为地下工程的一种基本的选择方案。根据８个地下连续墙工程项目的施工经验,叙述地下连续墙的导墙、成槽、钢筋混凝土灌注、泥浆处理等施工工艺,并列举了３个工程实例。     

地下连续墙施工中泥浆的合理使用

分析了地下连续墙施工中泥浆使用存在的问题，介绍了泥浆制备及使用的一些经验方法，初步提出了一些提高泥浆质量和节约泥浆成本的措施与方法。     

双矩形钢模管互导干作业地下连续墙

地下连续墙常采用泥浆护壁、水下灌注混凝土进行施工,槽壁稳定和槽段接头防渗一直是施工控制的难点。泥浆本身易于造成环境污染,而泥浆制备的水耗和废料处置也增加了工程造价。为解决这些问题,开发了一种新技术——双模管互导干作业地下连续墙技术。该技术采用钢模管护壁和双矩形模管导向沉管挤土或沉管干取土的成墙工艺（分别适用于墙厚300～500mm和600～1 000mm）,不需要泥浆和水下灌注墙混凝土,可以在同一平面内成墙、实现墙单元无缝连接。实践表明,该技术墙体防渗性能好,成墙效率高,连接质量可靠,不仅适用于深厚软粘土地层的基坑围护工程,也可应用于类似地质条件下水库工程的防渗加固。     

地下连续墙施工影响应力重分布的数值模拟

对武汉市某超大型超深基坑10幅邻近地连墙跳跃式施工过程进行了三维有限差分数值模拟。数值模拟步骤依次为泥浆护壁成槽开挖、混凝土浇筑及混凝土硬化3个过程。泥浆护壁成槽开挖及混凝土浇筑分别采用常静液压力和变静液压力的方式加载,混凝土的硬化过程采用变弹性模量和泊松比的线弹性实体单元完成。数值计算结果与实测数据吻合较好。对单个跳跃式开挖过程墙上土压力的监测揭示了地下连续墙施工影响应力重分布的变化规律。模拟施工完成后10幅地下连续墙上的土压力值沿墙长度方向随静止土压力值上下波动,波谷出现在槽段连接处附近,波峰接近槽段中心轴,波动幅度大小与土体深度有关。分析表明,泥浆压力、混凝土灌注压力及土压力差值是影响墙后应力重分布波动幅度的主要原因,适当的泥浆重度及合理的注浆方式能避免土体扰动。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

正~~     

GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861