海参酶解液对斑马鱼糖尿病并发抑郁样行为的改善作用

【目的】探究海参酶解液对高糖高脂所致的斑马鱼抑郁样行为的改善作用。【方法】将斑马鱼随机分为对照组、模型组各1组,和海参酶解液高剂量(1.0m L/L)治疗组、低剂量(0.5m L/L)治疗组各1组。每天利用高浓度葡萄糖(质量分数2%)系统浸泡及高胆固醇(质量分数10%)饲料饲喂诱导斑马鱼高糖高脂模型,高低浓度海参酶解液浸泡治疗。14 d后进行新鱼缸潜水行为实验,取鱼体匀浆进行组织各生化指标的检测,包括葡萄糖(Glucose, Glu)、总胆固醇(Total cholesterol, TC)、皮质醇(Cortisol, Cor)浓度。【结果】新鱼缸行为实验中,与对照组相比较,模型组斑马鱼的行为学实验都有明显差异,其中焦虑型行为潜伏期、冻结次数和冻结时间等抑郁型行为增加,探究型行为顶部转移和顶部时间减少,而1.0 mL/L高剂量海参酶解液可以逆转这些变化。模型组葡萄糖、总胆固醇、皮质醇浓度相比对照组显著升高,而给予海参酶解液治疗后,高剂量治疗组对模型组的葡萄糖、总胆固醇及皮质醇浓度均有显著降低的作用。【结论】海参酶解液可以通过改善高糖高脂诱导的糖尿病模型中糖脂水平来改善抑郁样行为和应激激素。     

壳寡糖对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、非特异性免疫及血液学指标的影响

用添加质量分数0.00(对照组)、0.10%、0.30%、0.50%和0.70%壳寡糖的饲料饲喂初始体重(3.81±0.23)g的吉富罗非鱼幼鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)10周,研究不同浓度壳寡糖的添加对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的生长、非特异性免疫功能以及血脂指标的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,在4个不同浓度添加组中,添加质量分数0.50%壳寡糖能显著提高幼鱼的增重率(P<0.05)、特定生长率(P<0.05),并降低饲料系数(P<0.05);添加质量分数0.3%和0.5%壳寡糖能显著提高幼鱼抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的能力(P<0.01);添加质量分数0.10%、0.30%、0.50%壳寡糖能显著提高幼鱼血清中碱性磷酸酶活性(P<0.05)。同时,各浓度的壳寡糖均能明显提高幼鱼血清中溶菌酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性以及抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的能力(P<0.05),并降低幼鱼血清中总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平(P<0.05)。在本实验条件下,添加壳寡糖可提高吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用率、非特异性免疫功能和调节血脂水平,添加量以质量分数0.30%~0.50%为宜。     

寡糖对三黄鸡生产性能及免疫机能的影响

用96只1日龄广东三黄鸡，研究了饲料添加0．2％或0．3％的寡糖对肉鸡生产性能与免疫机能的影响。结果表明：饲料中添加0．2％的寡糖能显著提高11—30日龄肉鸡的增重、免疫器官指数及新城疫HI抗体滴度（P〈0．05），血液白细胞吞噬率和血清IgG含量亦高于对照组，但组间差异不显著；添加0．2％或0．3％的寡糖能明显改善全期的饲料转化率（P〈0．05）。     

饲料中添加褐藻酸寡糖对大菱鲆肠道结构、消化酶活性及表观消化率的影响

在基础饲料中添加质量分数0、0.02%、0.05%、0.20%、0.50%的褐藻酸寡糖,饲喂体质量(17.61±0.16)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L)70 d,研究褐藻酸寡糖对大菱鲆肠道结构、消化酶活性及表观消化率的影响。结果表明:1)褐藻酸寡糖处理组的肠道微绒毛长度与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),肠道皱襞高度与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),杯状细胞大于对照组(P0.05);2)饲料中添加褐藻酸寡糖对大菱鲆肠道内蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性影响无统计学意义(P0.05),0.02%和0.05%褐藻酸寡糖实验组中的脂肪酶活性与对照组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);3)褐藻酸寡糖对饲料干物质消化率、蛋白质消化率以及脂肪消化率影响无统计学意义(P0.05)。在大菱鲆饲料中添加褐藻酸寡糖可增大肠道杯状细胞,促进肠道脂肪酶活性,但对肠绒毛长度,皱襞高度,淀粉酶、蛋白酶活性,表观消化率无影响。     

褐藻酸寡糖对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能、血液学指标及非特异性免疫影响

用添加质量分数为0.00%(对照组)、0.02%、0.05%、0.20%、0.50%褐藻酸寡糖(alginate oligosaccharides,AOS)的基础饲料饲养初始体质量为(17.61±0.16)g的大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼10周,研究AOS不同添加量对大菱鲆幼鱼生长、血液学指标、非特异性免疫的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,在4个不同添加量组中,增重率、特定生长率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);各组血液中白细胞含量均提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),血红蛋白、红细胞压积及红细胞数差异无统计学意义(P0.05);血清中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白含量降低,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);0.02%、0.05%、0.20%组的血清中酸性磷酸酶活力高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但超氧化物歧化酶、溶菌酶活力与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),其中0.05%、0.20%组碱性磷酸酶明显高于对照组(P0.05);添加AOS组肝脏中的酸性磷酸酶活力以及超氧物歧化酶SOD活力与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);攻毒试验发现,大菱鲆幼鱼对腹水病的疾病抵抗力随添加量的增加而升高。在本实验条件下,饲料中添加AOS对大菱鲆幼鱼生长性能和血液学指标并无显著影响,但可提高其非特异性免疫功能。建议添加量为质量分数0.05%。     

寡糖对三黄鸡生产性能及免疫机能的影响

用96只1日龄广东三黄鸡,研究了饲料添加0.2%或0.3%的寡糖对肉鸡生产性能与免疫机能的影响。结果表明:饲料中添加0.2%的寡糖能显著提高11~30日龄肉鸡的增重、免疫器官指数及新城疫H I抗体滴度(P<0.05),血液白细胞吞噬率和血清IgG含量亦高于对照组,但组间差异不显著;添加0.2%或0.3%的寡糖能明显改善全期的饲料转化率(P<0.05)。     

饲料胆固醇对军曹鱼幼鱼生长、血液生化指标及脂代谢的影响

在以豆粕、酪蛋白、鱼粉(质量分数分别为33%、17%、15%)为蛋白源的基础饲料中分别添加质量分数0、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.5%和2.0%的胆固醇,制成6种等氮等能饲料,养殖初始体质量为(24.00±0.19)g的军曹鱼幼鱼(Rachycentron canadum)8周,研究胆固醇对其生长、体成分、血液生化指标和脂代谢相关酶活性的影响。结果表明:添加低水平胆固醇对军曹鱼生长有改善作用,而高水平胆固醇对生长有抑制作用,与对照组比较,增重率(WGR)(P0.05)、成活率(SR)(P0.05)、饲料系数(FCR)(P0.05)在0.4%组较佳,随添加量的增加,各组幼鱼有增重率、成活率降低,饲料系数增大趋势。幼鱼肝体比、脏体比、肝脏病变率有增大趋势。添加胆固醇后,全鱼、肝脏和肌肉中粗脂肪0-0.4%组有上升趋势,0.4%-2.0%组有下降趋势;鱼体粗蛋白有上升趋势,肝脏中胆固醇有先降后升趋势,但水分和灰分的变化不大(P0.05)。血清中总胆固醇(TC)、低密度胆固醇(LDL-C)有上升趋势。肝脏中激素敏感性脂肪酶(HSL)有先升后降趋势。在以豆粕为主要蛋白源的饲料中添加少量胆固醇(0.4%组)可一定程度上改善军曹鱼幼鱼生长,影响机体脂代谢,但过多添加会抑制生长,并造成肝脏病变。以SR为判据,饲料中军曹鱼对胆固醇最适需要量为0.566%。     

壬基酚对罗氏沼虾血清中免疫酶活力的影响

将罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)在0.1、0.2、0.4 mg/L的壬基酚中暴露48 h,检测壬基酚对罗氏沼虾血清中部分免疫酶活力的影响。结果表明:高剂量壬基酚组(0.4 mg/L)的罗氏沼虾血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力在前期受到明显抑制(p<0.05),24 h后各剂量组血清SOD活力转为促进,中、高剂量组的SOD活力显著高于对照组(p<0.05);中、低剂量组血清中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活力均受到抑制,其中12 h低剂量组血清ACP活力显著降低(p<0.05),高剂量组则表现为先促进后抑制的效应;各剂量组血清碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活力先受到抑制后转为促进,48 h中、低剂量组血清AKP活力显著高于对照组(p<0.05)。     

包被壳寡糖对刺参生长性能和免疫反应的影响

为研究不同添加量的包被壳寡糖对刺参生长和免疫的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加质量分数0.00%、0.75%、1.50%、2.25%及3.00%包被壳寡糖配制成实验饲料,养殖初始质量(5.03±0.03)g刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)60 d。结果表明:1.50%添加组刺参增重率和特定生长率高于对照组(P0.05),各添加组体壁水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量差异不显著(P0.05),1.50%添加组吞噬活性显著高于对照组(P0.05),1.50%添加组的呼吸爆发活力在各时间点较对照组有显著提高(P0.05),其体腔上清液LZM活性于实验60 d较对照组有显著提高(P0.05),体腔上清液SOD活性于实验50、60 d较对照组有显著提高(P0.05);各组ACP活性、NO活性、补体C_3活性和PO活性无显著性差异(P0.05)。饲料中添加1.50%包被壳寡糖能提高刺参生长性能,对刺参的免疫能力具有一定促进作用。     

海参磷脂对慢性应激诱导小鼠抑郁样行为的影响

【目的】探究海参磷脂对慢性不可预知性应激(CUMS)诱导小鼠产生抑郁样行为的影响及机制。【方法】将昆明小鼠(KM)随机分为对照组、模型组和海参磷脂低、高剂量组,对照组外的三组小鼠进行连续60d的CUMS,同时,低、高剂量组每天分别灌胃50 mg/kg和100 mg/kg海参磷脂,模型组和对照组灌胃等体积生理盐水。应激结束后进行旷野和高架十字迷宫行为学实验,酶联免疫法检测血清糖皮质激素(GC)的含量,高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测海马区的五羟色胺(5-HT)水平。【结果】与对照组相比,模型组小鼠旷野实验5min内水平活动、垂直运动均明显减少(P<0.01),高架实验5 min内小鼠进入高架开放臂次数显著减少(P<0.05),开放臂时间显著减少(P<0.01),血清GC显著升高(P<0.01),海马区5-HT含量显著降低(P<0.05),五羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)显著升高(P<0.05),5-HT/5-HIAA比值显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】海参磷脂可改善CUMS诱导致小鼠抑郁样行为,与其抑制GC分泌和5-HT降解活性有关。     

饲料中添加L-肉碱对牙鲆幼鱼生长、生化组成及血液指标的影响

研究0、300、600、900、1 200、1 500 mg/kg 6个L-肉碱添加水平对牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)幼鱼生长、生化组成和血液指标的影响。结果表明:添加量为1 200 mg/kg的处理组牙鲆幼鱼的增重率和特定生长率显著提高,饲料系数显著降低(P<0.05);随着饲料中L-肉碱含量的增加,肝指数呈现下降趋势,且在添加量为900~1 500 mg/kg时,各组较对照组差异显著(P<0.05);饲料中添加L-肉碱显著降低各实验组脏体比(P<0.05),而对各处理组间存活率和肥满度均无影响(P<0.05);肌肉和肝脏中的脂肪含量与L-肉碱添加量呈负相关,当添加量为1 200~1 500 mg/kg时,较对照组差异显著(P<0.05);肌肉中的蛋白含量与L-肉碱添加量呈正相关,但各组差异不显著(P<0.05);饲料中添加L-肉碱降低血清中的谷草转氨酶、胆固醇、甘油三酯和尿素氮含量,且添加量1 200 mg/kg组各指标含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);各处理组的血糖含量较对照组均有所增加,其中1 200 mg/kg组血糖含量较对照组提高41.6%(P<0.05);血清中总蛋白和低密度脂蛋白均随着L-肉碱添加量的增加而呈下降趋势,高密度脂蛋白却得以提升,但差异均不显著(P<0.05)。分析认为,在本实验条件下,饲料中添加L-肉碱可促进牙鲆幼鱼生长,且降脂效果显著。建议L-肉碱最适添加量为1 200 mg/kg。     

Selection of diet for culture of juvenile silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus

Juvenile silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus, was grown in culture tanks for 9 weeks on four different diets, and their effects on fish growth, digestive enzyme activity, and body composition were assessed. The feeding regime was as follows: Diet 1: fish meat; Diet 2: fish meat+artificial feed; Diet 3: fish meat+artificial feed+Agamaki clam meat; Diet 4: fish meat+artificial feed+Agamaki clam+copepods. The greatest weight gain was associated with Diet 4, while the lowest weight gain was associated with Diet 1. No significant difference was observed in weight gain between fish receiving Diet 2 and Diet 3. Specific growth rate followed similar trends as weight gain. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of fish fed Diet 1 was significantly higher than the other fish groups, but no significant differences were observed in FCRs of fish fed Diet 2, Diet 3 or Diet 4. There was also no significant difference in the hepatosomatic index (HSI) between the four diets. For fish that received Diets 2-4, containing artificial feed, higher protease activities were detected. A higher lipid content of the experimental diets also significantly increased lipase activities and body lipid content. No significant differences in amylase activity or body protein content were found between Diets 1-4. In conclusion, a variety of food components, including copepods and artificial feed, in the diet of silver pomfret significantly increased digestive enzyme activity and could improve growth performance.     

半叶马尾藻多糖的一般生殖毒性

交配前雄性大鼠分别按每 kg 体质量1.25、2.50、5.00 g 的剂量灌服半叶马尾藻多糖,连续灌胃60 d,雌性大鼠分别以相同剂量连续灌胃14 d,以雄雌1∶1的比例合笼5 d,每天做阴道分泌物涂片检查,见精子者记为妊娠第1天,交配后雄鼠处死,测定血清睾酮(T)水平,取雄鼠附睾进行精子成活率、精子计数和精子畸形率测定,计算睾丸、附睾脏器比,并进行病理组织学检查;雌鼠继续灌胃至妊娠7 d,于妊娠14 d 处死,计算受孕率、着床数、黄体数、死胎、活胎和吸收胎,测定血清促卵泡生成素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和雌二醇(E2)水平,计算脏器比并进行病理组织学检查.结果显示,给药组大鼠的精子成活率、精子计数、精子畸形率、受孕率、着床数、黄体数、死胎、活胎、吸收胎、睾丸、附睾和卵巢脏器比以及血清 T、FSH、LH 和 E2水平与对照组相比差异无统计学意义(P >0.05),生殖器官病理组织学检查未见明显异常.在本实验条件下,半叶马尾藻多糖对大鼠无明显生殖毒性     

Assessment of negative phototaxis in long-term fasted Glyptocidaris crenularis: a new insight into measuring stress responses of sea urchins in aquaculture

A cost-effective method was designed to measure the behavioral response of negative phototaxis to high-intensity illumination in the sea urchin Glyptocidaris crenularis.Ninety sea urchins were randomly and equally divided into two aquaculture environment groups:a fasted group,which was starved during the experiment,and a fed group.After 10 months,the total mortality of each group was recorded.Then,15 sea urchins were randomly selected from each group and behavioral responses to high-intensity illumination were investigated for each sea urchin.After the behavioral experiment,body measurements of the trial sea urchins were taken.The results reveal that food deprivation significantly affected test diameter(P<0.01),body weight(P<0.01),gonad weight(P<0.01),and gut weight(P<0.01).Furthermore,food deprivation also affected negative phototaxis behaviors of time to rapid spine movement(P<0.01),time to the 1 cm position(P<0.05),and walking distance in 300 s(P<0.01),but not time to body reaction(P>0.05).The mortality rates of fasted and fed urchins were 6.7%and 0%,respectively.The present study provides evidence that food deprivation has a significant effect on phenotypic traits and behavioral responses to high-intensity illumination in the sea urchin G.crenularis.With this method,environmental stressors can be easily detected by measuring proper optional indicators.This study provides a new insight into measuring stress responses of sea urchins in aquaculture.However,further studies should be carried out to understand more environmental factors and to compare this potential behavioral method with immune,physiological,and epidemiological approaches.     

STUDY ON BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SELENIUM-ENRICHED MUSSEL EXTRACT

ThisworksupportedbytheScienceandTechnologyCommitteeofShandongProvince.Grant(95)50.INTRODUCTIONManyinvestigationsindicatalthatsupplementation0fsuitableseleniumleveIstolowordefidentinseleniumdietcanpreventoccurrenceofvarioustumots(Chen,l990),enhanceorganisminimneability(Wu,l992),maintainthenormalfunCtion0fheart,liv-er,lungandstomach(Schwarzetal,l957),andisgoodpareuti0nsagainstcardiovascularandcerebrovascu1arproblemsinoldpeople.Seleniumisanessentialtraeeelernentfornonnalhumanlife(Balassa…     

Analgesis and wound healing effect of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan on scalded rats

Analgesis and wound healing effect of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan on scalded rats were investigated. A II degree scald model was established in rats, which was subsequently treated with chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan solution, respectively. The concentration of bradykinin and 5-hydroxytryptophan was detected by assaying enzyme-linked immunosorbent. Healing condition was observed and pathological sections were made to determine the healing effect of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan. Results showed that the concentration of bradykinin and 5-hydroxytryptophan peaked at the third hour post-wound in all groups, while the concentration of hydroxyproline peaked at the seventh day post-wound in both chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan group. The concentration of bradykinin and 5-hydroxytryptophan of carboxymethyl chitosan group was significantly lower than that of control (P < 0.05), while that of chitosan group was similar to that of control (P > 0.05). These findings indicated that carboxymethyl chitosan reduced the concentration of algogenic substances, resulting in analgesia. During the whole recovery process, the hydroxyproline concentration in chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan group on day 3 and 7 was significantly higher than that of control (P < 0.01); however the significance of such a highness decreased on day 14 (P < 0.05). These findings indicated that chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan accelerated tissue repair. Meanwhile, chitosan performed better in healing than carboxymethyl chitosan in both decrustation and healing time. In conclusion, carboxymethyl chitosan showed significant analgesis and wound-healing promotion effect, but chitosan only showed wound-healing promotion effect.     

马氏珠母贝育珠术前处理和术后休养期软体部生化组成的变化

以2龄马氏珠母贝为材料,建立S1(对照组)、S2(术前处理后不插核)、S3(术前处理后插核)和S4(不做术前处理直接插核)四个试验组,每组500个个体。比较研究了术前处理和休养期间各组软体部干重和糖、脂肪、蛋白质含量的差异。试验结果如下:(1)术前处理后,S2和S3组软体部干重显著小于S1组(P<0.05);S2组短期休养后恢复到S1组水平;S3组在休养期结束后仍然显著小于S1组(P<0.05)。(2)插核后,S4组软体部干重显著小于S1组(P<0.05);休养20天后恢复到S1组水平;(3)术前处理后,S2和S3组的软体部糖、脂肪含量明显下降。(4)插核后,S4组的软体部糖、脂肪含量明显下降。(5)试验期间,各组蛋白质含量总体呈上升趋势。结果表明术前处理能够有效降低育珠贝的生理活性;术前处理的马氏珠母贝表现出补偿生长效应,并在营养限制或创伤后的恢复过程中,首先利用体内储存的糖原和脂肪。     

12月龄多鳞鱚形态性状对体质量的影响

【目的】研究12月龄多鳞鱚(Sillago sihama Forssk?l)形态性状与体质量之间的关系,筛选适用于选育的主要形态性状。【方法】测定12个形态性状与体质量的表型参数,通过通径分析、相关分析和多元回归分析估计主要性状对体质量的直接影响和间接影响。【结果】12月龄多鳞鱚13个性状之间的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。通径分析表明,体高(X1)、体厚(X2)、眼径(X7)、体长(X10)和背鳍前长(X11)对体质量(Y)有明显的直接影响;除体长外,其他生长性状对体质量的直接影响均小于它们对体质量的间接影响,同时,体长对体质量的直接影响最大。相关分析表明,上述5个主要性状是体质量变化的主要影响因素。体长对体质量的单独决定系数最大(0.331),5个主要性状对体质量的总决定系数为0.928。建立的以主要性状为自变量、体质量为因变量的回归方程为Y=-13.339+2.913X1+3.352X2-4.467X7+1.473X10+0.763X11。【结论】体长、体厚、眼径、体高和背鳍前长等5个主要性状是影响多鳞鱚体质量的核心性状,其中体长影响最大。     

Metabolism of polychaete Neanthes japonica Izuka： relations to temperature, salinity and body weight

Polychaete Neanthes japonica is a species geographically specific in China and Japan with important scientific implication and commercial value. In this study, the relations of body weight, salinity and temperature to oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of N. japonica were determined. Three different groups in body weight (large: 2.34±0.36 g, middle: 1.50±0.21 g and small: 0.62±0.12 g) were set for all experiments. Results show that the body weight is negatively related to the rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion; and the relationship is significant. The oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion at 24°C decreased at salinity from 5 to 30 and increased above 30, indicating that both lower and higher salinity are adverse and certain degree of salinity stress is necessary for enhancing the energy demand. At salinity 30, rising temperature from 18°C to 30°C, the oxygen consumption increased before 27°C and then decreased. However, the relation of ammonia excretion and temperature seems more complex. Two-way ANOVA shows that salinity, temperature and body weight all have a significant effect on the oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of the worm. Moreover, interaction between salinity/temperature and body weight is also significant. O:N (oxygen/nitrogen) ratio varies greatly in this case from 5.97 to 463.22, indicating that N. japonica can regulate the type of metabolic substrate against environment changes. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30490233) and the Three-Gorge Project and the Estuarine Environment (No. SX2004-018) from the Three Gorges Project Construction Committee