内蒙古农牧交错带土地利用变化对土壤碳储量的影响研究（英文）

Soil organic carbon(SOC) stocks in terrestrial ecosystems vary considerably with land use types. Grassland, forest, and cropland coexist in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Inner Mongolia, China. Using SOC data compiled from literature and field investigations, this study compared SOC stocks and their vertical distributions among three types of ecosystems. The results indicate that grassland had the largest SOC stock, which was 1.5-and 1.8-folds more than stocks in forest and cropland, respectively. Relative to the stock in 0–100 cm depth, grassland held more than 40% of its SOC stock in the upper 20 cm soil layer; forest and cropland both held over 30% of their respective SOC stocks in the upper 20 cm soil layer. SOC stocks in grazed grasslands were remarkably promoted after ≥20 years of grazing exclusion. Conservational cultivation substantially increased the SOC stocks in cropland, especially in the 0–40 cm depth. Stand ages, tree species, and forest types did not have obvious impacts on forest SOC stocks in the study area likely due to the younger stand ages. Our study implies that soil carbon loss should be taken into account during the implementation of ecological projects, such as reclamation and afforestation, in the arid and semi-arid regions of China.     

Comparison of sampling schemes for spatial prediction of soil organic carbon in Northern China

Determining an optimal sample size is a key step in designing field surveys, and is particularly important for detecting the spatial pattern of highly variable properties such as soil organic carbon(SOC). Based on 550 soil sampling points in the nearsurface layer(0 to 20 cm) in a representative region of northern China's agro-pastoral ecotone, we studied effects of four interpolation methods such as ordinary kriging(OK), universal kriging(UK), inverse distance weighting(IDW) and radial basis function(RBF) and random subsampling(50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500) on the prediction accuracy of SOC estimation.When the Shannon's Diversity Index(SHDI) and Shannon's Evenness Index(SHEI) was 2.01 and 0.67, the OK method appeared to be a superior method, which had the smallest root mean square error(RMSE) and the mean error(ME) nearest to zero. On the contrary, the UK method performed poorly for the interpolation of SOC in the present study. The sample size of 200 had the most accurate prediction; 50 sampling points produced the worst prediction accuracy. Thus, we used 200 samples to estimate the study area's soil organic carbon density(SOCD) by the OK method. The total SOC storage to a depth of 20 cm in the study area was 117.94 Mt, and its mean SOCD was 2.40 kg/m~2. The SOCD kg/(C·m~2) of different land use types were in the following order: woodland(3.29) grassland(2.35) cropland(2.19) sandy land(1.55).     

中国亚热带地区造林对土壤碳周转的影响

Afforestation in China’s subtropics plays an important role in sequestering CO2 from the atmosphere and in storage of soil carbon (C). Compared with natural forests,plantation forests have lower soil organic carbon (SOC) content and great potential to store more C. To better evaluate the effects of afforestation on soil C turnover,we investigated SOC and its stable C isotope (δ13C) composition in three planted forests at Qianyanzhou Ecological Experimental Station in southern China. Litter and soil samples were collected and analyzed for total organic C,δ13C and total nitrogen. Similarly to the vertical distribution of SOC in natural forests,SOC concentrations decrease exponentially with depth. The land cover type (grassland) before plantation had a significant influence on the vertical distribution of SOC. The SOC ?13C composition of the upper soil layer of two plantation forests has been mainly affected by the grass biomass 13C composition. Soil profiles with a change in photosynthetic pathway had a more complex 13C isotope composition distribution. During the 20 years after plantation establishment,the soil organic matter sources influenced both the δ13C distribution with depth,and C replacement. The upper soil layer SOC turnover in masson pine (a mean 34% of replacement in the 10 cm after 20 years) was more than twice as fast as that of slash pine (16% of replacement) under subtropical conditions. The results demonstrate that masson pine and slash pine plantations cannot rapidly sequester SOC into long-term storage pools in subtropical China.     

Geostatistical analysis of variations in soil salinity in a typical irrigation area in Xinjiang, northwest China

Characterizing spatial and temporal variability of soil salinity is tremendously important for a variety of agronomic and environmental concerns in arid irrigation areas. This paper reviews the characteristics and spatial and temporal variations of soil salinization in the Ili River Irrigation Area by applying a geostatistical approach. Results showed that:(1) the soil salinity varied widely, with maximum value of 28.10 g/kg and minimum value of 0.10 g/kg, and was distributed mainly at the surface soil layer. Anions were mainly SO_4~(2-) and Cl~-, while cations were mainly Na~+ and Ca~(2+);(2) the abundance of salinity of the root zone soil layer for different land use types was in the following order: grassland cropland forestland. The abundance of salinity of root zone soil layers for different periods was in the following order: March June September;(3) the spherical model was the most suitable variogram model to describe the salinity of the 0–3 cm and 3–20 cm soil layers in March and June, and the 3–20 cm soil layer in September, while the exponential model was the most suitable variogram model to describe the salinity of the 0–3 cm soil layer in September. Relatively strong spatial and temporal structure existed for soil salinity due to lower nugget effects; and(4) the maps of kriged soil salinity showed that higher soil salinity was distributed in the central parts of the study area and lower soil salinity was distributed in the marginal parts. Soil salinity tended to increase from the marginal parts to the central parts across the study area. Applying the kriging method is very helpful in detecting the problematic areas and is a good tool for soil resources management. Managing efforts on the appropriate use of soil and water resources in such areas is very important for sustainable agriculture, and more attention should be paid to these areas to prevent future problems.     

不同放牧强度对内蒙古锡林郭勒草原土壤有机碳的影响（英文）

Changes in soil organic carbon(SOC) in rangelands has been extensively investigated. Grazing in outlying rangeland areas has caused severe impacts on ecosystem functions. To reveal the effects of grazing on SOC, we evaluated the grassland in Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, China. Grazing intensity was determined by using two image sets of vegetation index with normalized differences in grazing periods(July 12 th and 28th). The range of variation in vegetation index was then used to measure the grazing intensity. The SOC storage and density were obtained by conducting experiments on field soil samples. Results showed that 1) the grazing intensity in Xilin Gol League declined gradually from west to east; by contrast, the spatial distribution of SOC density increased gradually. 2) As grazing intensity increased, the carbon storage of rangeland decreased evidently. Minimum carbon storage was observed in grasslands classified under extreme overgrazing; by comparison, maximum values were found in areas classified under light overgrazing to moderate grazing. 3) The estimated soil carbon storage was 8.48 × 10~(11) kg, and the average carbon density was 4.08 kg/m~2. Our research demonstrated that grazing intensity likely affects soil carbon. Moderate grazing is an optimum strategy to maintain carbon storage and ensure sustainable grassland utilization.     

中国山区农村土地利用转型及其对土地整治的政策启示（英文）

The cultivation of mountainous land results in water loss and soil erosion. With rapid urbanization and industrialization in China, labor emigration relieves the cultivation of mountainous areas in regions with high poverty and leads to a significant land use transition. This research built an analysis framework for "land use transition – driving mechanism – effects –responses" for mountainous areas of China undergoing land use transition and then proposed the direction of mountainous land consolidation. The results showed that the turning point of land use morphology was the core of rural land use transition in mountainous areas. The expansion of cropland and the contraction of forestland have transitioned to the abandonment of cropland and the expansion of forestland; this transition was the main characteristic of the dominant land use change. Land marginalization and land ecological functional recovery were the main characteristics of the recessive land use transition in mountainous areas. Socioeconomic factors were the primary driving forces during land use transition in mountainous areas, with labor emigration being the most direct force. The rising costs of farming and the challenging living conditions causing labor emigration were fundamental driving forces. Rural land use transition in mountainous areas reduced the vulnerability of the ecological function of land ecosystems. The advantages and disadvantages of the socioeconomic effects should focus on rural development of mountainous areas as well as the livelihood of farmers; this should be further supported by empirical and quantitative research. Rural land use transition of mountainous areas improves natural restoration and is related to socioeconomic development. Rural land consolidation of mountainous areas should conform to land use transition,with the goal of shifting from the increase of cultivated land to the synergies of ecological and environmental protection.     

黑河流域土地利用变化对土壤有机碳和全氮储量的影响——元分析（英文）

Land use and cover change(LUCC) is an important indicator of the human-earth system under climate/environmental change,which also serves as a key impact factor of carbon balance,and a major source/sink of soil carbon cycles.The Heihe River Basin(HRB) is known as a typical ecologically fragile area in the arid/semi-arid regions of northwestern China,which makes it more sensitive to the LUCC.However,its sensitivity varies in a broad range of controlling factors,such as soil layers,LUCCs and calculation methods(e.g.the fixed depth method,FD,and the equivalent mass method,ESM).In this study,we performed a meta-analysis to assess the response of soil organic carbon(SOC) and total nitrogen(TN) storage to the LUCC as well as method bias based on 383 sets of SOC data and 148 sets of TN data from the HRB.We first evaluated the calculation methods and found that based on the FD method,the LUCC caused SOC and TN storage to decrease by 17.39% and 14.27%,respectively;while the losses estimated using the ESM method were 19.31% and 18.52%,respectively.The deviations between two methods were mainly due to the fact that the FD method ignores the heterogeneity of soil bulk density(BD),which may underestimate the results subsequently.We then analyzed the response of SOC and TN storage to various types of the LUCC.In particular,when woodland and grassland were converted into cultivated land or other land types,SOC and TN suffered from heavy losses,while other LUCCs had minor influences.Finally,we showed that increasing the depth of the soil layers would reduce the losses of SOC and TN storage.In summary,we identified a series of controlling factors(e.g.soil layer,the LUCC and calculation method) to evaluate the impact of the LUCC on SOC and TN storage in the HRB,which should be considered in future research.     

开垦对内蒙古温带草地土壤不同有机碳组分的影响(英文)

Cultivation is one of the most important human activities affecting the grassland ecosystem besides grazing, but its impacts on soil total organic carbon (C), especially on the liable organic C fractions have not been fully understood yet. In this paper, the role of cropping in soil organic C pool of different fractions was investigated in a meadow steppe region in Inner Mongolia of China, and the relationships between different C fractions were also discussed. The results indicated that the concentrations of different C fractions at steppe and cultivated land all decreased progressively with soil depth. After the conversion from steppe to spring wheat field for 36 years, total organic carbon (TOC) concentration at the 0 to 100 cm soil depth has decreased by 12.3% to 28.2%, and TOC of the surface soil horizon, especially those of 0-30 cm decreased more significantly (p<0.01). The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) at the depth of 0-40 cm were found to have decreased by 66.7% to 77.1% and 36.5% to 42.4%, respectively. In the S.baicalensis steppe, the ratios of soil DOC to TOC varied between 0.52% and 0.60%, and those in the spring wheat field were only in the range of 0.18%-0.20%. The microbial quotients (qMBs) in the spring wheat field, varying from 1.11% to 1.40%, were also lower than those in the S. baicalensis steppe, which were in the range of 1.50%-1.63%. The change of DOC was much more sensitive to cultivation disturbance. Soil TOC, DOC, and MBC were significantly positive correlated with each other in the S. baicalensis steppe, but in the spring wheat field, the correlativity between DOC and TOC and that between DOC and MBC did not reach the significance level of 0.05.     

Land use effects on soil organic carbon, nitrogen and salinity in saline-alkaline wetland

Land-use and soil management affects soil organic carbon （SOC） pools, nitrogen, salinity and the depth distribution. The objective of this study was to estimate land-use effects on the distribution of SOC, labile fractions C, nitrogen （N） and salinity in saline-alkaline wetlands in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin. Three land-use types were selected： intact saline-alkaline meadow wetland, artificial shrubbery （planting Tamarix） and farmland （cultivated for 18 years） of soils previously under meadow wetland. SOC, easily oxidized carbon, microbial biomass carbon, total N, NO3--N and salinity concentrations were measured. The results show that SOC and labile fraction carbon contents decreased significantly with increasing soil depth in the three land-use wetlands. The labile fraction carbon contents in the topsoil （0-20cm） in cultivated soils were significantly higher than that in intact meadow wetland and artificial shrubbery soil. The aboveground biomass and soil permeability were the primary influencing factors on the contents of SOC and the labile carbon in the intact meadow wetland and artificial shrubbery soil, however, the farming practice was a factor in cultivated soil. Agricultural measures can effectively reduce the salinity contents; however, it caused a significant increase of NO 3--N concentrations which posed a threat to groundwater quality in the study area.     

80年来埃塞俄比亚北部高原土地利用/覆被变化（英文）

Despite many studies on land degradation in the Highlands of Northern Ethiopia, quantitative information regarding long-term changes in land use/cover(LUC) is rare. Hence, this study aims to investigate the LUC changes in the Geba catchment(5142 km2), Northern Ethiopia, over 80 years(1935–2014). Aerial photographs(APs) of the 1930 s and Google Earth(GE) images(2014) were used. The point-count technique was utilized by overlaying a grid on APs and GE images. The occurrence of cropland, forest, grassland, shrubland, bare land, built-up areas and water body was counted to compute their fractions. A multivariate adaptive regression spline was applied to identify the explanatory factors of LUC and to create fractional maps of LUC. The results indicate significant changes of most types, except for forest and cropland. In the 1930 s, shrubland(48%) was dominant, followed by cropland(39%). The fraction of cropland in 2014(42%) remained approximately the same as in the 1930 s, while shrubland significantly dropped to 37%. Forests shrank further from a meagre 6.3% in the 1930 s to 2.3% in 2014. High overall accuracies(93% and 83%) and strong Kappa coefficients(89% and 72%) for point counts and fractional maps respectively indicate the validity of the techniques used for LUC mapping.     

广东省红树林土壤碳储量及固碳潜力研究

利用文献收集和数据整合的方法,对广东省不同红树林群落和地区的碳储量及碳埋藏速率进行了系统梳理。研究发现,广东省红树林的面积为9 106.21 hm²,土壤碳储量为1 542.02 GgC,土壤碳密度为0.23 GgC/hm²。广东省内红海榄(Rhizophora stylosa)和木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)群落的土壤碳密度最高,分别是0.27和0.23 GgC/hm²,而秋茄(Kandelia candel)群落土壤碳密度最低,仅为0.13 GgC/hm²。广东13个沿海地市的红树林土壤碳储量按大小顺序为湛江(894.5 GgC)>阳江(195.4 GgC)>江门(97.7 GgC)>珠海(91.0GgC)>茂名(59.6 GgC)>汕头(51.4 GgC)>中山(49.2 GgC)>惠州(36.1 GgC)>广州(35.1 GgC)>深圳(18.3 GgC)>汕尾(10.8 GgC)>东莞(2.8 GgC)&...     

河南省碳源碳汇的时空变化研究

碳源、碳汇是影响低碳发展的重要因素,由其形成的碳盈亏是区域低碳经济发展战略及政策制定的重要依据。本文基于能源消耗数据、主要工业产品产量,参考IPCC的碳排放标准,结合其他相关研究,计算了河南省能源消耗及水泥、钢铁、合成氨生产过程中产生的碳排放;在对研究区遥感影像处理的基础上,通过归一化植被指数(NDVI),将河南省的碳汇分为耕地、林地和草地,根据各种植被的碳排放和碳吸收系数,计算了河南省的碳汇及其变化,并对碳盈亏及其空间变化进行分析。结果表明：①研究期内,河南省碳排放及人均碳排放呈上升趋势,碳排放总量及人均碳排放年均分别增长11.22%和10.72%,而且空间差异明显,豫西、豫北、豫中地区人均碳排放相对较高,而豫南、豫东南地区则相对较低。②能源消耗是河南省的主要碳源,其碳排放量呈逐年增加趋势,但所占比重在不断下降;水泥、钢铁是除能源消耗外的另一种主要的排放源,其碳排放量及所占比重则呈逐年上升趋势。③河南省碳汇主要以林地和耕地为主,草地所占比重很小;全省碳汇呈减少趋势,2005-2013年期间减少了7.40%(47.05万t),年均减少5.88万t。④河南省总体上呈现碳亏状态,研究期内碳亏呈增长趋势,且碳亏的地区数量也在增加,总的来看,豫南、豫东南、豫西地区处于碳盈或弱碳亏状态,豫中及豫北地区处于较严重的碳亏状态。⑤河南省应通过改善能源结构、调整产业结构、优化用地布局等措施,减少碳源,增加碳汇,通过区域碳补偿或生态补偿等手段鼓励碳盈地区减源增汇,为低碳发展创造良好的外部环境。     

Urban carbon footprint and carbon cycle pressure: The case study of Nanjing简

Urban carbon footprint reflects the impact and pressure of human activities on ur- ban environment. Based on city level, this paper estimated carbon emissions and carbon footprint of Nanjing city, analyzed urban carbon footprint intensity and carbon cycle pressure and discussed the influencing factors of carbon footprint through LMDI decomposition model. The main conclusions are as follows： （1） The total carbon emissions of Nanjing increased rapidly since 2000, in which the carbon emission from the use of fossil energy was the largest Meanwhile, carbon sinks of Nanjing presented a declining trend since 2000, which caused the decrease of carbon compensation rate and the increase of urban carbon cycle pressure. （2） The total carbon footprint of Nanjing increased rapidly since 2000, and the carbon deficit was more than ten times of total land areas of Nanjing in 2009, which means Nanjing confronted high carbon cycle pressure. （3） Generally, carbon footprint intensity of Nanjing was on de- crease and the carbon footprint productivity was on increase. This indicated that energy utilization rate and carbon efficiency of Nanjing was improved since 2000, and the policy for energy conservation and emission reduction taken by Nanjing＇s government received better effects. （4） Economic development, population and industrial structure are promoting factors for the increase of carbon footprint of Nanjing, while the industrial carbon footprint intensity was inhibitory factor. （5） Several countermeasures should be taken to decrease urban carbon footprint and alleviate carbon cycle pressure, such as： improvement of the energy efficiency, industrial structure reconstruction, afforestation and environmental protection and land use control. Generally, transition to low-carbon economy is essential for Chinese cities to realize sustainable development in the future.     

Ecosystem Carbon Allocation of a Temperate Mixed Forest and a Subtropical Evergreen Forest in China

Ecosystem carbon allocation can indicate ecosystem carbon cycling visually through its quantification within different carbon pools and carbon exchange. Using the ecological inventory and eddy covariance measurement applied to both a mature temperate mixed forest in Changbai Mountain (CBM) and a mature subtropical evergreen forest in Dinghu Mountain (DHM), we partitioned the ecosystem carbon pool and carbon exchange into different components, determined the allocation and analyzed relationships within those components. Generally, the total carbon stock of CBM was slightly higher than that of DHM due to a higher carbon stock in the arbor layer at CBM. It was interesting that the proportions of carbon stock in vegetation, soil and litter were similar for the two mature forests. The ratio of vegetation carbon pool to soil carbon stock was 1.5 at CBM and 1.3 at DHM. However, more carbon was allocated to the trunk and root from the vegetation carbon pool at CBM, while more carbon was allocated to foliage and branches at DHM. Moreover, 77% of soil carbon storage was limited to the surface soil layer (0-20 cm), while there was still plentiful carbon stored in the deeper soil layers at DHM. The root/shoot ratios were 0.30 and 0.25 for CBM and DHM, respectively. The rates of net ecosystem productivity (NPP) to gross ecosystem productivity (GPP) were 0.76 and 0.58, and the ratios of ecosystem respiration (Re) to GPP were 0.98 and 0.87 for CBM and DHM, respectively. The net ecosystem carbon exchange/productivity (NEP) was 0.24 t C ha^-1 yr^-1 for CBM and 3.38 t C ha^-1 yr^-1 for DHM. Due to the common seasonal and inter-annual variations of ecosystem carbon exchange resulting from the influence of environmental factors, it was necessary to use the long record dataset to evaluate the ecosystem sink capacity.     

南京城市系统碳循环与碳平衡分析

城市是人类能源活动和碳排放的集中地,开展城市系统碳循环研究有助于深入了解城市在区域碳循环过程中的地位和作用。本文集成了城市碳储量和碳通量的核算方法,并以南京市为例开展了城市系统碳循环与碳平衡的实证研究。结论如下:① 南京市城市碳储量呈缓慢上升趋势,2009 年为6937 万t,其中自然碳储量占88%,且总量基本保持稳定;人为碳储量(特别是城市绿地和建筑物碳库) 呈大幅增长趋势;② 垂直碳输入通量以植物光合作用和水域碳吸收为主,历年来基本稳定;水平碳输入通量大幅增长,2009 年为3043 万t,其中能源和木材碳输入呈增长趋势,而食物碳输入则呈下降趋势;③ 垂直碳输出通量呈增长趋势,2009年为3295 万t,其中化石能源碳排放占近80%,自然过程仅占6%;水平碳输出通量以能源制品、水产品和含碳废弃物为主,其总量呈明显下降趋势;④ 南京市历年城市碳输出均高于碳输入,且两者的差额呈现扩大趋势。总体而言,“隐流碳和加工需求碳”的比重有所下降,说明碳的利用率有所提升;⑤ 南京市碳补偿率明显下降,这表明自然生态系统的碳吸收能力不足以补偿人为活动的碳排放,城市碳循环压力在不断加大。     

中原经济区县域碳收支空间分异及碳平衡分区

区域碳收支核算是当前全球气候变化与碳排放研究的核心内容之一.开展县域空间碳收支与碳平衡研究不仅有助于从理论上构建县级尺度碳效率和碳生态压力评估的方法,而且对于县域空间碳补偿及低碳发展策略的制定也具有重要的现实意义.本文采用2009 年中原经济区县域单元的各种统计数据及土地利用数据,对县域空间的碳收支状况进行了核算分析,并在碳平衡分区的基础上提出了中原经济区主体功能区优化的思路和政策建议.主要结论:① 中原经济区2009 年碳吸收和碳排放总量分别为1.3 亿t 和2.1 亿t.碳排放量基本呈现“从市辖区到周边县(市) 逐渐降低”的规律;碳吸收量的分布具有“西北低、东南高”的特点;②县域空间碳补偿率的分布具有显著的区域差异,人均GDP 越高的地区,其碳补偿率往往越低;反之,碳补偿率越高;③ 由于县域单元碳源/汇具有较大的空间差异,中原经济区县域空间的碳排放经济贡献率和碳生态容量存在明显不匹配现象;④ 基于碳平衡分析,本文将中原经济区县域空间划分为碳强度控制区、碳收支平衡区、碳汇功能区、碳总量控制区及低碳优化区等5 类区域,并在此基础上提出了中原经济区主体功能区优化的思路及低碳发展策略.     

2010—2060年中国森林生态系统固碳速率省际不平衡性及调控策略

森林生态系统具有很高的固碳潜力,是陆地碳汇的主体。准确估算各省（自治区）森林生态系统固碳速率,是科学制定碳中和技术路线及相应调控政策的重要依据。然而,目前有关中国不同省份森林生态系统未来固碳潜力的研究非常罕见。利用中国森林生态系统固碳模型（FCS）并结合3种未来气候情景（RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5）,定量评估了2010—2060年间各省现存森林生态系统的固碳速率。研究发现：中国区域内各省的森林生态系统固碳速率介于0.01~36.74 Tg C/a,平均值为(10.09±0.43) Tg C/a。省际间森林固碳速率存在非常大的差异,其中东部地区各省的单位面积固碳速率大于西部地区;但考虑到单位GDP固碳速率和人均固碳速率后则表现为西部地区明显更大。此外,各省人均碳固存速率与其人均GDP之间存在显著负相关关系。因此,省际间森林生态系统固碳速率存在明显的区域不均衡性,要真正地持续实现其碳汇潜力需要在技术和政策层面做出重大调整。结合中国贫困区与高生态碳汇区的重叠,不能仅仅依靠传统碳贸易,亟需研究制定符合中国特色的“区域碳补偿”措施,在保障区域协调发展的基础上使西部或不发达地区民众能自愿/自觉加强对森林的保护、保持甚至提升森林碳汇,使森林在实现碳中和战略中发挥更大作用。     

基于土地利用变化的中国省域碳排放时空差异及碳补偿研究

选择中国30个省级行政区为研究单元,基于土地利用和能源消耗等数据,采用碳排放系数法,对2003~2016年中国土地利用碳源/汇进行计算,探究中国省域土地利用碳排放和碳吸收时空演变,并以碳盈亏时空分析为基础,通过生态补偿系数和经济贡献系数分析碳排放的差异性,以净碳排放量作为基准值进行碳补偿价值的研究。结果表明:① 研究期间碳排放总量和净碳排放量除在2015年出现小幅度下降现象,其余年度均呈现不断增加趋势;碳吸收总量呈现稳中有升的趋势。②土地利用碳吸收的主要载体是耕地和林地,碳汇资源空间差异明显,基本呈现西高东低的分布特征,多数省份在研究期内基本保持一致的碳吸收类型。③ 碳排放总量分布空间差异显著,且主要来自建设用地。④ 依据净碳排放量的区域差异,将其划分为高碳排放区、一般碳排放区、低碳排放区、碳汇区4种类型。⑤ 由于各省域碳补偿标准和净碳排放量的差异导致碳补偿价值区域差异明显。     

开封黄泛地层全新世中晚期碳密度和碳储量研究

开封古城相对完整的黄泛沉积序列为探索历史时期碳密度及储量提供了难得的研究载体。以开封城区（师专、医专和明伦）和郊区（金明）4个25 m岩芯为研究对象,通过对861个岩芯样品的容重、有机碳和黑碳分析测试,开展地层有机碳和黑碳密度及储量分析。结果表明：地层有机碳和黑碳含量垂直分布特征基本一致,高值主要集中在地表1 m范围内,其次是各朝代文化层附近,城区地层含量明显高于郊区。地层0~25 m黑碳密度均值为24.67 kg/m²,黑碳储量为11.30 Tg,分别占总有机碳密度和储量的24.26%和21.75%。表明地层黑碳碳库在总有机碳库中占有较大比例,在计算土壤或沉积物碳密度和碳储量时,应将黑碳也考虑在内。老城区0~25 m地层黑碳储量占比高出新区10%以上,主要与老城区受历朝人类活动影响强度较大及煤炭的广泛使用有关。研究结果可为寻找“遗失的碳”、精确计算碳循环和平衡提供参考。     

Imbalance of inter-provincial forest carbon sequestration rate from 2010 to 2060 in China and its regulation strategy

Forest ecosystem, as a predominant component of terrestrial ecosystems in view of carbon sinks, has a high potential for carbon sequestration. Accurately estimating the carbon sequestration rate in forest ecosystems at provincial level, is a prerequisite and basis for scientifically formulating the technical approaches of carbon neutrality and the associated regulatory policies in China. However, few researches on future carbon sequestration rates(CSRs) for Chinese forest ecosystems for provinci...