中国生态地理区域系统区划

Eco-geographic regionalization has been one of the most important topics in China‘s regionalization researches since the end of the 20th century. It is a major ecosystem in geographic zonality. A hierarchical system, which is formed by division or combination of natural features based on geographic relativity and comparison of major ecosystem factors (including biological and non-biological) and geographic zonality, is called eco-geographic regional system. This paper introduces process of China‘s regionalization development. The first level unit, temperature zone, is delineated with main criteria of temperature. The second level unit, humidity region, is based on criteria of water/moisture states. The third level unit, natural region, is divided according to medium geomorphologic units. Vegetation types and soils are applied as supplementary criteria to indicate temperature and water/moisture states. Mapping process from qualitative to quantitative and China‘s eco-geographic regional system are also explained in this paper.     

中国数字地貌分层分类体系的结构和内容研究(英文)

This paper presents the structure and contents of a standardized layered classification system of digital geomorphology for China.This digital classification method combines landforms characteristics of morphology with genesis.A total of 15 categories of exogenic and endogenic forces are divided into two broad categories:morpho-genetic and morpho-structural landforms.Polygon patches are used to manage the morpho-genetic types,and solitary points,lines and polygons are used to manage the morpho-structural types.The classification method of digital morpho-genetic types can be divided into seven layers,i.e.basic morphology and altitude,genesis,sub-genesis,morphology,micro-morphology,slope and aspect,material and lithology.The method proposes combinations of matrix forms based on layered indicators.The attributes of every landform types are obtained from all or some of the seven layers.For the 15 forces categories,some classification indicators and calculation methods are presented for the basic morphology,the morphologic and sub-morphologic landforms of the morpho-genetic types.The solitary polygon,linear and point types of morpho-structural landforms are presented respectively.The layered classification method can meet the demands of scale-span geomorphologic mapping for the national primary scales from 1:500,000 to 1:1,000,000.The layers serve as classification indicators,and therefore can be added and reduced according to mapping demands,providing flexible expandability.     

快速城市化过程中的深圳东部海岸地貌环境与可持续发展

The geomorphological environment is one of the most fundamental variables af-fecting the development of human society.The mission of geomorphological environment research is to explore the most basic environment and features of our Earth’s surface mor-phology.The results can be applied to resource evaluation,environmental protection and reducing and preventing geological disasters.Thus,it can serve to help achieve sustainable development.This paper examines the Shenzhen east coastal zone as a case strongly in-fluenced by urban expansion.We use modern geomorphological theory and methods,along with GIS and RS techniques,to reveal key characteristics of the geomorphological environ-ment and landform classification.Furthermore,coastal ecosystem evaluation and regional resources sustainable utilization should be considered relative to the corresponding geo-morphological environment.Based on this study,we conclude that modern geomorphological theory and methods,supported by "3S" techniques including GIS,RS and GPS,can play an important role in resolving the environment,resources and population problems as well as sustainable development challenges facing humankind at present.     

Development of land use transitions research in China

With the introduction of the concept of land use transition into China, related researches have been carried out extensively in the past two decades, which enrich the knowledge of land system science. This paper describes the development of research on land use transitions in China from the perspectives of conceptual connotations, theoretical model, research methods, and research progress and prospects. With the in-depth investigation of land use transitions, the concept and connotations of land use morphology are developed and encapsulated as two kinds, i.e., dominant morphology and recessive morphology. The dominant morphology refers to the land use structure of a certain region over a certain period of time, with features such as the quantity and spatial pattern of land use types. While the recessive morphology includes the land use features in the aspects of quality, property rights, management mode, input, output and function. Accordingly, the concept of land use transition is further developed, and the theoretical model of regional land use transitions is established. Thereafter, three innovative integrated approaches to study land use transitions are put forward, i.e., multidisciplinary research framework for recessive land use transition, transect and horizontal comparison. To date, there have been 62 Ph.D. and 166 M.S. dissertations on the topic of "land use transition" in China. During 2002–2019, the National Natural Science Foundation of China has funded 48 research programs on the theme of "land use transition". As such, the Chinese scholars have adapted the concept derived from western literature to the situations and experiences in China.     

发展地理学视角下中国区域均衡发展

Large regional differences and uneven regional development are fundamental challenges for China. Balanced regional development is an important issue in research on development geography. This study reviews the course of balanced regional development in China and summarizes its characteristics in each period. The results show that inter-regional development in China has undergone successive periods of balanced and unbalanced development. Each period has enhanced social development and contributed to a more balanced regional development. This paper discusses the scientific connotation of balanced regional development, and invokes sustainable development theory to argue that we should pay attention to the differences in resource endowments among regions, and solves the imbalance among the economy, humans, and nature to promote the spatial balance of regional development and green development for better coordination between economy and ecology. The balanced promotion of the well-being of people in each region is the ultimate goal of balanced regional development. We then use concepts from development geography to examine China’s path of balanced regional development from the three perspectives of society, the economy, and ecology. Suggestions are also provided for the balanced development of China’s regions and the improvement of public well-being.     

中国近40年来地貌学研究的回顾与展望（英文）

Geomorphology is one of the main subdisciplines of geography.The research achievements and prospects in geomorphology have received considerable attention for a long time.In this paper,a general retrospect of geomorphologic research in China over the past 60 years was firstly addressed,especially the research progress during the last 40 years.Based on a summary of experience and a tendency of development,perspectives of geomorphologic research direction in the future were provided.It is concluded that the discipline of geomorphology has made great progress in the aspects of geomorphologic types,regionalization,as well as their subdisciplines such as dynamic geomorphology,tectonic geomorphology,climatic geomorphology,lithological geomorphology,palaeogeomorphology.We believe that persisting in the unity principle between morphological and genetic types would be conductive for the development of traditional landforms and integrated landforms.In addition,five perspectives aim to enhance China’s geomorphologicl research capacity were proposed.They are:(1)strengthening the research of basic geomorphologic theory and the research of integrated geomorphology to expand the research space;(2)focusing more on the research of geomorphologic structure and geomorphologic function to improve the application ability of geomorphology;(3)constructing a comprehensive resource,environmental,and geomorphologic information system and building a sharing platform to upgrade the intelligent information industry of geomorphology;(4)putting more efforts on the research of coastal geomorphology and marine geomorphology to assist the transformation of China from a maritime country to an ocean power;and(5)cultivating talents and constructing research teams to maintain a sustainable development of China’s geomorphologic research.     

中国经济地理学研究进展（英文）

Economic geography in China's mainland has developed in a different way from that in many other countries. On the one hand, it has been increasingly active in participating in academic dialogues and knowledge development led by Anglophone countries; on the other hand, it takes practice-based and policy-oriented research, i.e. satisfying the demands from the Chinese government and society, as the linchpin of research. Since there has been a lot of literature reviewing the development of economic geography in the country before the new millennium, this paper will make a comprehensive analysis of the discipline in 2000–2015, based on a bibliometric survey and research projects done by Chinese economic geographers. The analysis indicates that(1) economic geography research in China's mainland is unevenly distributed but concentrated in several leading institutions;(2) traditional research fields like human-nature system, regional disparity, industrial location and transportation geography remain dominant while new topics such as globalization, multinational corporations and foreign direct investments, information and communication technology, producer services, climate change and carbon emission emerge as important research areas;(3) Chinese economic geography is featured by policy-oriented research funded by government agencies, having considerable impacts on regional policy making in China, both national and regional. To conclude, the paper argues that the development of economic geography in China's mainland needs to follow a dual track in the future, i.e. producing knowledge for the international academic community and undertaking policy-oriented research to enhance its role as a major consulting body for national, regional and local development.     

中国农业劳动力变化与农业经济发展及其对乡村振兴的启示（英文）

Based on panel data from 1991, 2000 and 2010 at the county level in China, this study analyzed the coupling characteristics and spatio-temporal patterns of agricultural labor changes and economic development under rapid urbanization using quantitative and GIS spatial analysis methods. Three primary conclusions were obtained.(1) During 1991–2010, China's agricultural labor at the county level showed a decreasing trend, down 4.91% from 1991 to 2000 and 15.50% from 2000 to 2010. In spatial distribution, agricultural labor force has evolved by decreasing eastward and increasing westward.(2) During 1991–2010, China's agricultural economy at the county level showed a sustained growth trend, with a total increase of 140.13%, but with clear regional differences. The proportion of agricultural output in national GDP gradually decreased, characterized by decreases in eastern China and increases in western China.(3) The coupling types of economic-labor elasticity coefficient are mainly growth in northwest China, for both the agricultural economy and labor, and are intensive in southeast China, with growth of the agricultural economy and reduction of agricultural labor. Regions with lagged, fading, and declining coupling types are generally coincident with the high incidence of poverty in China. However, different coupling types had a positive developing trend for 1991–2010. Finally, based on the coupling types and spatial distribution characteristics of economic-labor elasticity coefficients, some policy suggestions are proposed to promote the integration of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries and the vitalization of rural economies.     

The GSC Regional Conferences held in 2013简

In order to provide better services to the members of Geographical Society of China （GSC） and geographers and engineers in China, and improve GSC＇s ability in hosting comprehensive aca- demic conferences, with the support of China Association for Science and Technology （CAST）, GSC established 7 regional divisions, representing different regions of China. In addition, GSC revised the annual conference organizing policies by hosting the comprehensive national aca- demic conference biannually. Instead of hosting annual national conferences, GSC organizes regional academic conferences. The new policy was initiated and executed in 2013. Up to now, 7 regional conferences have been successfully organized by the regional divisions in their areas. The 7 regional divisions are： Northern China Division, Northwest China Division, Northeast China Division, Southwest China Division, Central China Division, Southern China Division and Eastern China Division. The regional divisions promote the objectives of GSC through regional conferences and activities in their respective areas. The purpose is to build platforms extensively for academic exchange between geographers; collaborate with local geographical societies and integrate local resources; and unite all the regional academic organizations.     

中国地貌区划理论与分区体系研究

区划和类型是地貌学研究的两大核心内容。中国地貌区划已有诸多划分方案,比较而言,各种方案存在遴选指标不一、确定等级较少、反映特征各异、划分结果不同、成图尺度较小等不足。应中国地理国情普查等国家专项任务的需求,对较大尺度、多级地貌区划研究提出了新的要求。在梳理中国地貌区划的理论,包括板块构造与地貌圈特征、地貌形态与内外营力体系、地貌形态的类型组合与区域分异的基础上,基于2013年提出的中国地貌二级区划的新方案,归纳了全国多级地貌区划分的原则,提出了基于"大区—地区—区—亚区—小区"的全国五级地貌等级分区方案,建立了"大地构造控制下的地势阶梯特征—>区域宏观形态类型组合—>内外营力及基本形态类型组合—>区域内形态类型组合—>区域微地貌形态组合"的五级地貌分区指标体系,提出了五级地貌区划体系的命名规则和编码方式,构建了基于多源数据进行多级地貌区划单元精确定位的技术与方法,完成了全国1∶25万尺度五级地貌区的划分,包括6个一级大区、36个二级地区、136个三级区、331个四级亚区、1500多个五级小区,并建立了全国地貌区划数据库。该研究对于促进中国区域地貌学的发展、基于地貌区划的应用研究等具有重要的指导意义。     

库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌区划

 近年来,中国沙漠科学工作者对库姆塔格沙漠进行了系统的考察与研究。作为风沙地貌研究工作的初步总结,笔者尝试该沙漠风沙地貌区划研究工作。在风沙地貌地域分异规律理论的指导下,提出综合分析与主导因素相结合、发生学以及多级序的区划原则,采用自上而下的顺序划分法,选择主导分异因素,提出了库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌的两级区划系统。首先,根据下伏地貌的成因类型划出一级分区(风沙地貌区)。其次,根据沙丘形态特征划分出二级分区(风沙地貌亚区)。提出的区划方案将库姆塔格沙漠划分为7个风沙地貌区、23个风沙地貌亚区,并对各区和亚区的风沙地貌特征作了简要的介绍。     

多尺度数字地貌等级分类方法

参考已出版的全国各级各类比例尺的地貌类型图的分类方案及图例表达,探讨了中国1：100 万数字地貌的等级分类方法,采用基于形态、成因、物质和年龄等地貌要素,综合反映地貌特征的等级分类指标和分类体系,初步构建了中国多个国家基本比例尺（即1：400 万、1：100 万、1：50 万、1：25 万、1：5 万）数字地貌等级分类方法,发展了由连续分布的多边形图斑反映形态成因类型,以及由离散的点、线和面图斑共同反映形态结构类型的数字地貌类型数据组织方式,构建了多尺度数字地貌类型的编码方法。该研究可为发展多尺度地貌类型图的编制提供方法基础,也可为当前正在进行的地理国情监测工程的大比例尺地貌类型信息普查提供分类规范和技术支持。     

中国地貌区划新论

地貌区划是研究自然环境空间分异的基础,在区域地貌研究中具有十分重要的地位.本文分析总结了国内外地貌区划的相关研究成果,系统探讨了地貌区划的具体步骤与方法、地貌区划的原则、各级地貌区划的依据和标准,提出地貌类型组合和地貌成因类型的基本异同是各级地貌区划的依据.本文以中国1:400 万地貌图等新资料为基础,应用GIS 方法,结合中国三大地貌阶梯及其内部地貌格局的特点,通过分析我国各地基本地貌类型组合的差异及其形成原因,将中国地貌区划分为东部低山平原大区、东南低中山地大区、中北中山高原大区、西北高中山盆地大区、西南亚高山地大区和青藏高原大区6 个地貌大区,并分别简要论述了各大区的地貌特征.各大区内部又据次级基本地貌类型和地貌成因类型及其组合差异进一步分区,全国共划分了38个地貌区.     

中国近40年来地貌学研究的回顾与展望

地貌学是地理学的一门主要分支学科,其研究成就与发展一直倍受人们关注。本文对中国近60年来的研究状况,尤其近40年来研究历程进行了回顾,从总结经验与发展态势出发,对地貌学科未来发展方向提出了展望。分析认为,中国地貌学科在地貌基本类型、区划以及分支学科：包括动力地貌学（包括冰川地貌、冰缘地貌、风沙地貌、黄土地貌、喀斯特地貌、河流地貌、海岸地貌等）、构造地貌学、气候地貌学、古地貌、岩石地貌学（包括丹霞地貌、花岗岩与流纹岩地貌）、其他地貌类型（包括重力地貌,人工地貌）等方面取得重大进展,地貌学已逐渐发展成为一门拥有完整学科体系的科学。通过回顾认为,应坚持地貌成因、形态相统一的原则发展传统地貌与综合地貌。加强地貌基础理论与综合地貌研究、开展地貌结构及其功能研究、构建全方位资源环境地貌信息系统、加强海岸地貌与海洋地貌研究、加强人才培养和学术团队建设,将是中国实现地貌强国目标的主要途径。     

深圳东部海岸地貌环境与可持续发展

地貌环境是人类一切生活最基本的场所和物质基础。地貌环境特征研究是人类对地球表层最基本、最直接特征--地貌形态的探索和解释,其研究成果可在资源评价、土地利用、环境保护、减灾防灾等方面服务于区域可持续发展。选取深圳东部海岸地区,运用现代地貌学理论和方法,借助3S 技术手段,深入研究东部地区地貌环境特征,提取主要地貌特征因子,划分地貌类型,依据可持续发展理论,从地貌环境的适应性、脆弱性及恢复性三方面对区域资源环境和滨海生态系统可持续利用进行了评价。通过本次研究和实例分析可知,以“3S”技术支撑的现代地貌学理论和方法可在解决人类当前面临的资源环境问题与可持续发展方面发挥重要的基础作用。     

行政区划研究的地理学支撑与展望

行政区划研究一直是人文—经济地理学的重要研究领域,与政治地理学、历史地理学、城市地理学具有非常密切的关系。行政区划本身也是一种资源的新论断,对于重新认识和发挥行政区划在空间治理和优化区域发展格局的作用具有非常重要的意义。在回顾总结行政区划研究历史的基础上,梳理了行政区划研究的发展脉络,分析了新时期政区设置的背景和影响因素发生的重大变化,如城镇化进程改变了人口经济集聚的空间格局,自然地理格局对行政区划设置的影响日益减小,交通通讯条件的改善为扩大管理幅度创造了条件。结合空间治理的新需求提出了新时期的行政区划研究应把握3条主线,分别是优化和提高区域管理效率、预防和保障区域治理安全和推进政区精准精细化管理。从推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化出发,提出行政层级和管辖幅度的优化可以提高空间治理效率;缩小经济强省和面积大省的管辖幅度可以保障空间治理安全;合理的管辖幅度和基层政区的优化设置有助于加强空间治理的精准化和精细化。科学合理的行政区划调整可以让空间治理更好的发挥作用,为构建适合我国国情的空间治理体系提供基础支撑。     

全球价值生产的空间组织：以苹果手机供应链为例

采用2012年与2019年苹果手机全球供应商数据,基于GPN 2.0的相关理论建立分析框架,探索苹果手机全球生产网络中主要行动者类型、行动者策略、进入与退出动态、地理分异性、网络动力机制和战略耦合机制。该网络主要行动者是美国、日本、韩国、中国大陆、中国台湾省,布局全球生产网络的热点地区在亚洲;网络中有六类行动者,行动者策略是企业间控制与企业间合作,网络产生和演化的动力机制为成本-能力比率、市场需要、金融约束和风险环境,主要行动者通过本土创新、国际合作关系和生产平台战略耦合机制嵌入苹果手机的全球生产网络。最后,从转型创新模式、孵化自主供应链角度对中国行动者产业升级提出对策建议。