地形的热力作用对湖北省暴雨的影响

本文利用湖北省1977-1986年6、7月份暴雨资料及1979—1986年恩施、宜昌、武汉三个站探空资料,研究了湖北省暴雨分布特征。结果表明,湖北省西部山区及青藏高原大地形的热力作用明显。本文用这种热力作用对湖北省的暴雨分布特征,提出一种可能的解释。     

探空、地面及卫星资料反演水汽含量的比较

利用探空、地面等常规探测资料及卫星遥感资料计算了我国中西部地区2007年6月—2008年5月间水汽含量的空间分布和时间演变,结果显示:由探空资料计算的整层大气水汽含量的空间变化,总体形势是,纬度低的地区水汽含量多,纬度高的地区水汽含量少;各探空站上空水汽分布的季节演变规律比较一致,夏季水汽含量最大,冬季最小,春秋季节基本相当。根据探空资料建立地面水汽压与大气总水汽量的经验关系,利用地面站资料确定水汽分布,与同时次探空站资料估算的水汽场相比,两者分布趋势基本一致。利用FY-2C卫星的可见光和红外分裂窗通道资料,建立反演大气水汽含量的回归关系式,与探空资料计算的结果相比,总体上变化趋势较一致。     

三种探空资料在各类强对流天气中的应用对比分析

使用2007和2008年5-9月常规探空资料、微波辐射计和风廓线数据构建的特种探空资料以及BJ-RUC模式探空资料计算的常用热动力物理参量,比较了在冰雹、雷暴大风和短时暴雨等强天气中特种探空和常规探空的各参量之间的差异,探讨了特种探空在强对流天气判别中定量应用的可靠性,最后选取不同强对流天气个例,详细对比分析了三种探空...     

2000—2009年江西空中水汽资源变化特征

利用2000-2009年南昌、赣州两个探空站资料,通过计算大气水汽含量和水汽通量,对江西省空中水汽含量变化、分布、水汽输送等特征进行了分析。结果表明,近10年来,江西省平均大气水汽含量为35.04 kg/m2,水汽含量呈下降趋势。水汽含量夏季丰富,冬季匮乏,2-6月是江西大气中水汽含量主要增长期,最大值出现在8月,最小出现在1月或12月;空间上呈现南多北少分布。水汽输送在春、冬季以纬向输送为主,夏、秋季经向和纬向输送量基本相当。     

基于探空资料的58a新疆高空大气比湿气候特征分析

利用1961—2018年新疆12个探空气象站逐日观测资料，分析了新疆对流层850、700和500 hPa比湿的气候特征，结果表明：新疆大气比湿呈自西向东、自南向北递减分布，随高度增加而减小分布特征，新疆比湿远小于东亚季风区；新疆夏季比湿最大，其次为秋季、春季，冬季最小，850hPa和500hPa新疆各站之间比湿差异较大，而700hPa各站比湿差异较小；对流层850、700和500 hPa比湿均表现为线性上升趋势，并有1967-1986年偏干、1987-2005年偏湿的特征，1987年为突变点；对流层850、700和500 hPa比湿与降水均呈显著正相关关系；夏季暴雨天气对流层中低层比湿最大，发生暴雨时比湿约为气候平均1—2倍，夏季暴雨的动力和不稳定条件更关键，新疆暴雨天气时的比湿比东亚季风区显著偏小；冬季暴雪天气比湿是一年中最小的，春秋季强降水比湿介于夏、冬季之间，但可达气候平均的2—3倍，春秋季需要更多的水汽产生强降水。     

中国1470-2006年夏季旱涝前兆研究

利用中国1961-1991年探空资料,分16层计算了冬季副热带西风急流的垂直分布,并用此分布模型"回套"1470-2006年共537年逐年夏季主雨带(按涝与不涝、旱与不旱两个标准),结果535年被"套中",1778及1902年两年错误,成功率99.6%.这表明:冬季副热带西风急流垂直分布的特征,反映了4个月后夏季副热带高压北上西伸降水分布方式.     

中国区域位势高度场探空与再分析资料的对比分析

利用中国高空探空资料和NCEP/NCAR、ERA以及JRA 3种再分析资料,采用偏差、线性趋势、EOF等统计方法,分析、讨论了再分析资料位势高度场在中国区域的适用性问题。结果表明:在年平均场上,探空资料在中国北方地区对流层中存在上升趋势,在平流层低层存在下降趋势;并且有整层变化相同的年际变化特征和对流层南北方反位相变化的年代际变化特征。再分析资料位势高度场数值上普遍小于探空资料;NCEP/NCAR资料与探空资料较为接近。在季节平均场上,探空资料在冬季对流层中存在一致的上升趋势,在春、夏和秋季的长期变化趋势与年平均场类似;探空资料与再分析资料在冬季的偏差最小。不同资料的EOF第一模态分布,在不同季节中差别较大,NCEP/NCAR资料在春季、夏季和冬季适用性较高,ERA资料在秋季适用性较高。     

时间加密探空观测对分析和预报质量的敏感性研究

探空观测是气象资料同化中最基本的常规观测资料,对同化分析和预报的有效改善具有重要作用。由于现有探空观测站的空间分辨率较低,分布不均匀,且每日仅有两次观测,数量偏少,限制了其分析场对中小尺度大气状态的准确再现能力。自我国L波段雷达-数字探空仪更新换代以来,探空观测具备了获取每日4次、垂直分辨为秒级和分钟级的大气廓线资料。本文利用WRF中尺度数值模式,通过06时（世界时,下同）加密探空资料和12时常规探空资料的有效同化,研究分析了时间加密探空观测资料对同化分析和预报质量的敏感性影响。结果表明：同化06时的时间加密探空资料的午后暴雨预报质量优于12时常规探空观测。具体而言,同化06时的时间加密探空资料预报的大雨和暴雨的预报技巧高于12时常规探空资料;位势高度、温度和风场等预报场的均方根误差在高层的改进效果更加明显;06时的时间加密探空资料的同化对高层的高空急流和低层的水汽通量散度的预报质量贡献更大。批量试验进一步证实了有效同化时间加密探空资料对分析和数值预报效果改进的积极意义。     

惠州市暴雨灾害特征和防御对策

基于惠州市国家气象观测站和区域自动气象站逐日降水资料,总结分析了惠州市暴雨灾害特征,并思考和提出了暴雨灾害防御对策,结果表明:惠州市跨广东省粤北和粤东两大暴雨中心;汛期暴雨日数约占全年的90%,其中前汛期(4—6月)暴雨日北多南少,后汛期(7—9月)北少南多;在全球变暖背景下暴雨灾害呈多发趋势,广东省多项暴雨历史极值出现在惠州市,东北-西南走向的山脉和海陆分布造成的迎风坡、喇叭口等特殊地形是暴雨灾害多发重发的原因。同时,基于气象部门的职责提出了通过提升暴雨监测和保障能力、暴雨分析能力和预报预警准确率、暴雨应对和防御能力、积极开展气象科普宣传等措施来全面提升惠州市暴雨灾害防御能力。     

一次切变线暴雨的观测特征分析

利用探空、卫星、雷达、闪电定位仪等多种观测资料,对2007年7月1-2日发生在湖北境内一次切变线暴雨过程的观测特征进行详尽分析.结果表明,大气层结不稳定、湿度高以及切变线发展是此次暴雨的主要成因:卫星云图上表现为4个中尺度云团相继影响,当云团平均亮温低于-75℃时,均能产生30 mm/h以上强降水;雷达速度场上暴雨区中存在清晰的辐合线和逆风区;闪电资料显示,地闪与强降水的时空分布较为吻合.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.