北秦岭二郎坪杂岩变沉积岩碎屑锆石年代学及其构造地质意义

碎屑锆石为沉积岩中最稳定的矿物,其年龄谱系不仅可限定沉积物的最大沉积年龄与物源性质,而且能够为探讨其形成构造环境提供关键约束。作为北秦岭构造带主要构造岩石地层单元之一,二郎坪杂岩由北、中、南三个构造岩片——北部碎屑岩片、中部蛇绿岩片和南部变碎屑岩片组成。本文对二郎坪杂岩南部变碎屑岩片中的碎屑锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测试研究,获得样品锆石谐和年龄值分布在500±7Ma~3894±5Ma之间,1个年龄高频集中区为0.9~1.0Ga,6个次要年龄集中区分别为500~600Ma、750~850Ma、1.35~1.48Ga、1.6~1.75Ga、2.6~2.7Ga和3.0~3.4Ga。研究结果表明:1)最小峰值年龄限定二郎坪杂岩南部碎屑岩片原岩的最大沉积时代为500Ma,结合西庄河花岗闪长岩侵入南部岩片的地质事实,南部岩片的形成时代应为早古生代寒武-奥陶纪(500~475Ma),明显早于中部蛇绿岩片中的火山岩的形成时代(463~475Ma);2)通过与邻区地质事件年龄谱峰及其锆石阴极发光图像特征的对比,二郎坪杂岩变碎屑岩原岩的物源分别主要来自南部秦岭杂岩中的早新元古代花岗岩和北部华北南缘熊耳群中元古代火山岩,其物源具有双源性,暗示其形成于与伸展作用相关的裂谷或弧后盆地构造背景,而二郎坪蛇绿岩片所代表的古洋盆可能正是在此基础上发育产生的;3)结合区域地质背景资料分析,二郎坪杂岩中的沉积碎屑岩片可能形成于商丹洋向北俯冲期间所产生的弧后伸展盆地构造环境;4)通过与宽坪岩群沉积岩中的碎屑锆石年龄数据的对比,揭示二者碎屑锆石具有相似的年龄谱峰,结合宽坪群变沉积岩中发现大量疑源类、几丁虫和虫颚等早-中奥陶世化石组合以及二郎坪杂岩蛇绿岩片中的火山岩夹层硅质岩中发现早-中奥陶世牙形石和放射虫的研究,分析认为二者沉积物的沉积时代相近,沉积物源几乎完全一致,暗示它们形成的构造环境可能具有一致性;5)二郎坪蛇绿岩片中的典型的与洋壳俯冲有成因联系的弧火山岩的形成时代(463~475Ma)明显迟后于区内高压-超高压岩石的峰期变质时代(514~484Ma)约20~30Myr,清楚地表明二郎坪洋壳拖曳秦岭杂岩发生陆壳俯冲-深俯冲作用的可能性不大;6)二郎坪杂岩南部碎屑岩片和宽坪岩群碎屑沉积物中碎屑锆石中最主要的年龄集中区(0.9~1.0Ga)的物源来自秦岭杂岩中的早新元古代花岗质岩石,而缺少秦岭杂岩中的早古生代岩浆岩和HP/UHP变质岩石锆石的年龄信息,明确指示二郎坪与宽坪盆地沉积时,秦岭杂岩重要组成的早新元古代花岗质岩石已出露于地表接受剥蚀,而秦岭杂岩中出露的HP/UHP岩石和早古生代岩浆岩未抬升出露地表,即秦岭杂岩现今出露的前早古生代陆壳物质不是整体而是部分经历了陆壳俯冲-深俯冲作用。     

华北克拉通南缘栾川群的形成时代、物源及其对区域构造演化的意义：锆石U- Pb年代学和Hf同位素制约

栾川群沿秦岭造山带和华北克拉通两大构造单元的结合部分布,其时代归属和构造意义长期存在争议。本文从锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素角度对栾川群进行物源分析和区域对比分析,为合理地理解华北克拉通南缘晚前寒武纪构造演化提供重要证据。栾川群上部大红口组浅变质粗面岩的结晶年龄为854±8Ma,成因以古元古代晚期陆壳物质的再循环或改造为主。栾川地区栾川群变碎屑岩中最年轻的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和大红口组浅变质粗面岩及相关侵入岩的结晶年龄限定栾川群沉积时代在917～844Ma,属于新元古代青白口纪。白术沟组中上部、煤窖沟组和鱼库组变碎屑岩的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征一致,碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄集中在1.85～1.10Ga之间,北秦岭地体是最可能的物源区;Hf两阶段模式年龄(T_(DM2))为1.33～2.92Ga,揭示源区经历了～1.45Ga、～1.8Ga、～2.1Ga和～2.5Ga四期元古代陆壳增生。栾川群白术沟组下部和白术沟组中上部至鱼库组之间截然不同的碎屑锆石年龄谱图表明白术沟组沉积期间物源区由华北克拉通转变为北秦岭块体,沉积构造背景由被动大陆边缘转化为碰撞造山和后碰撞伸展环境。北秦岭地体原来应属于华北克拉通的一部分,至少在华北克拉通南缘至东缘地区曾存在与北秦岭地体类似的中、新元古代构造带。该构造带强烈地参与了Columbia超大陆裂解和Rodinia超大陆汇聚及裂解过程,在新元古代早期与华北克拉通曾短暂的拼合并造山,转变为华北克拉通周缘沉积盆地的主要物源供给区。     

西秦岭两当地区太阳寺岩组碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb年龄：形成时代与源区特征

选取西秦岭两当地区太阳寺岩组的变质碎屑岩为研究对象,依据CL图像,采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年方法,探讨两当地区太阳寺岩组的形成时代与物源。两当地区太阳寺岩组的锆石U-Pb年龄及与邻近地层的变质变形关系和时代对比表明,太阳寺岩组的沉积时代为426～420Ma,为晚志留世—末志留世。太阳寺岩组的碎屑锆石年龄谱可分为4组：500～420Ma、955～550Ma、1866～1227Ma和3039～2132Ma。早古生代年龄组呈现最强的烈峰值特征,峰值为438Ma,该组锆石物源以西秦岭北缘构造带为主;新元古代年龄组的碎屑锆石物源为西秦岭北缘构造带和北祁连造山带;中元古代和古元古代—新太古代年龄组的碎屑锆石物源主要来自于北祁连造山带和西秦岭北缘构造带基底岩系。综合分析认为,西秦岭北缘构造带为天水两当地区太阳寺岩组碎屑沉积物的主要源区。     

华北克拉通东南缘寒武系底部黑色碎屑岩系的物源分析及其对晚前寒武纪地质演化的约束

华北克拉通东南缘新元古代—寒武纪交替时期黑色碎屑岩系马店组(或称为凤台组)的层序划分、时代归属、物源等基础地质问题仍存在分歧,本文从元素地球化学、碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学等角度开展综合分析,为合理建立华北克拉通东南缘地层格架及中、新元古代—早古生代构造演化提供重要证据。马店组整套碎屑岩系的绝大部分元素的富集系数(EF值)基本一致;碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要集中于2.6~1.0Ga之间,包括~2.5Ga、~2.1Ga、~1.8Ga、1.6~1.4Ga和1.3~1.0Ga等多个年龄峰。马店组整体为寒武纪第二世的被动大陆边缘连续海侵地层;沉积物来源于华北克拉通内部徐淮地区,具有碳酸盐质新元古代盖层物源和非碳酸盐质早前寒武纪变质基底物源的两端元混合作用,其中1.8Ga碎屑锆石来源于早前寒武纪变质基底,而中元古代碎屑锆石及砂砾级白云质碎屑来源于新元古代盖层,极少量新元古代碎屑锆石来源于新元古代初期基性岩墙群。华北克拉通周缘新元古界—下古生界中丰富的1.6~1.4Ga和1.3~1.0Ga碎屑锆石记录证实至少华北克拉通东缘和南缘曾有与北秦岭地区类似的中、新元古代构造带。该构造带中元古代时强烈地参与了Columbi超大陆裂解和Rodinia超大陆聚合过程,于新元古代初期为华北克拉通周缘盆地的主要物源供给区;约900 Ma可能与华北克拉通开始裂解,至早古生代马店组沉积时期其物源贡献已经完全缺失。     

西秦岭两当地区太阳寺岩组碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄：形成时代与源区特征

选取西秦岭两当地区太阳寺岩组的变质碎屑岩为研究对象,依据CL图像,采用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年方法,探讨两当地区太阳寺岩组的形成时代与物源。两当地区太阳寺岩组的锆石U-Pb年龄及与邻近地层的变质变形关系和时代对比表明,太阳寺岩组的沉积时代为426~420Ma,为晚志留世—末志留世。太阳寺岩组的碎屑锆石年龄谱可分为4组：500~420Ma、955~550Ma、1866~1227Ma和3039~2132Ma。早古生代年龄组呈现最强的烈峰值特征,峰值为438Ma,该组锆石物源以西秦岭北缘构造带为主;新元古代年龄组的碎屑锆石物源为西秦岭北缘构造带和北祁连造山带;中元古代和古元古代—新太古代年龄组的碎屑锆石物源主要来自于北祁连造山带和西秦岭北缘构造带基底岩系。综合分析认为,西秦岭北缘构造带为天水两当地区太阳寺岩组碎屑沉积物的主要源区。     

天水东岔地区宽坪岩群碎屑岩和花岗岩中的锆石U-Pb定年及其地质意义

利用LA ICP MS锆石原位定年技术和阴极发光图像(CL)分析,对北秦岭西段天水东岔地区宽坪岩群黑云母斜长片麻岩及其中的片麻状花岗岩进行了系统的锆石U Pb年代学研究。其中,黑云母斜长片麻岩中的锆石多呈浑圆形态,且具有岩浆锆石的振荡环带结构,部分颗粒中可看到原岩锆石残核。定年结果获得667 Ma和1 055 Ma两组明显的年龄峰值,其中以1 055 Ma的峰值最明显和集中。同时获得最小的岩浆锆石年龄为(530±4) Ma,对应Th/U比值为0.38,代表本区宽坪岩群的形成年龄上限。该年龄与中、东部宽坪岩群目前得到的最新年龄(577±6) Ma一致,共同表明宽坪岩群整体应形成在新元古代末期或古生代早期。片麻状花岗岩锆石多为自形柱状形态并具有明显的振荡环带结构,具有高的Th、U含量(分别为(12~658)×10-6和(17~703)×10-6)和Th/U比值(变化于0.42~1.21),以及轻稀土亏损,重稀土明显富集的左倾稀土配分曲线型式,为典型的岩浆成因锆石。定年结果207Pb/206Pb集中变化于(1 746±51)~(1 844±33) Ma,平均为(1 806±18) Ma(MSWD=2.3,1σ),为花岗岩的结晶年龄。该年龄明显老于宽坪岩群的形成年龄,而与华北板块西、南缘分布的17~18亿年的岩浆事件一致,因而,该片麻状花岗岩与宽坪岩群碎屑岩应是构造关系,花岗岩可能是卷入到秦岭造山带中的华北西南缘的基底物质。西秦岭宽坪岩群碎屑岩定年最明显的特征是年龄谱主峰集中于667~1 055 Ma,没有出现指示华北板块物源区的18亿年和23~25亿年的年龄峰值,而与北秦岭微板块和华南板块年龄谱系具有一定的相似性,也与扬子板块北缘广泛发育的新元古代构造岩浆事件一致,表明北秦岭微板块和华南板块、特别是扬子板块北缘可能是宽坪岩群的主要物源区。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南部二叠系砂岩碎屑锆石年代学特征及地质意义

陆源碎屑岩物质来源及变化与沉积盆地及构造演化密切相关。通过对鄂尔多斯盆地南部铜川地区晚古生代二叠系山西组、石盒子组及石千峰组砂岩样品岩石薄片鉴定、定量矿物学分析以及碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学分析,结合古流向特征,对物源进行了追溯,并讨论了盆地南部二叠系的构造—沉积过程。研究结果表明,早二叠世山西组碎屑锆石年龄具364 Ma、450 Ma、946Ma和2 446 Ma四个主要峰值;中二叠世下石盒子组碎屑锆石年龄具294 Ma、1 963.4 Ma和2 499 Ma三个主要峰值;晚二叠世石千峰组碎屑锆石年龄主要峰值出现在1 876.5 Ma,缺乏北秦岭造山带的新元古代和早古生代碎屑锆石记录。分析认为山西组主要物源区为北秦岭造山带,次要物源区为华北南缘构造带;石盒子组物源由北秦岭造山带、华北板块南缘构造带和内蒙古隆起西段共同提供;石千峰组物源区为华北南缘构造带。早二叠世山西期,华北南缘隆起幅度较低,不影响北秦岭造山带供源。石盒子期,勉略洋由被动拉张转换为主动挤压,秦岭造山带处于持续隆升状态,并造成了华北南缘构造带的不断抬升。石千峰期华北南缘强烈隆升,在为铜川地区提供物源的同时也阻挡了北秦岭造山带...     

西秦岭凤县北部罗汉寺岩组沉积时代和源区特征：来自LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb年龄证据

秦岭造山带罗汉寺岩组的形成时代长期存在争议。选择西秦岭东段凤县北部罗汉寺岩组凝灰岩和浅变质碎屑岩为研究对象，运用LA- ICP- MS锆石U- Pb同位素年代学方法，探讨罗汉寺岩组的形成时代和物源特征。结果显示，罗汉寺岩组下部a岩段中凝灰岩结晶年龄为407±10 Ma；上部碎屑岩段(c岩段)中千枚岩碎屑锆石年龄介于2658~420 Ma之间，主要包括490~420 Ma和997~639 Ma两个区间峰值年龄，其次为1557~1318 Ma、2484~1745 Ma，另有少量2650 Ma左右年龄值。结合区域地质资料，限定罗汉寺岩组主体形成时代为早—中泥盆世。研究同时表明，罗汉寺岩组物源具有明显的多元性，490~420 Ma年龄组的锆石主体来自于商丹洋俯冲作用形成的弧岩浆岩；997~639 Ma年龄组可进一步细分为843~639 Ma和997~867 Ma，前者主要来自于南秦岭构造带，后者主要来自于北秦岭构造带；2658~1318 Ma的中元古代—新太古代年龄组与北秦岭构造带、华北板块和扬子板块的岩浆活动相关。综合分析认为南秦岭和北秦岭地块早—中泥盆世时期尚未全面碰撞成陆，商丹洋为残留洋(海)盆。     

小秦岭太华杂岩副片麻岩碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素及其地质意义

小秦岭地区是华北克拉通南缘早前寒武纪基底重要分布区,可见大量构造抬升剥露的基底结晶杂岩带。太华杂岩是小秦岭出露最古老的地质体,对于探讨华北克拉通南缘早期地壳形成和演化及其构造归属等问题具有重要意义。在小秦岭地区,太华杂岩被划分为正片麻岩系和以孔兹岩系为主的表壳岩。利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法测得小秦岭地区太华杂岩表壳岩中黑云斜长片麻岩碎屑锆石的源区物质主要形成于2.40～2.11 Ga,经历了两期的古元古代晚期变质事件（～2.04 Ga和～1.91 Ga）,限定该套表壳岩的沉积时代介于2.11～1.91 Ga。结合锆石Hf同位素特征,我们认为该表壳岩的碎屑物质可能主要来自中条山的涑水杂岩体及绛县杂岩体、熊耳花岗岩体、小秦岭古元古代花岗岩体等,其初始的源区物质可能为太华杂岩的新太古代正片麻岩系。此外,本研究揭示华北中部造山带可能记录了一个长达约250 Ma（～2.05～1.8 Ga）持续的俯冲-碰撞过程。     

秦岭南缘勉略带构造属性及晚古生代地质背景:来自碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学的制约

勉略构造带作为秦岭造山带内重要的构造边界,关于其构造属性及晚古生代以来的地质背景,一直是学术界争论的焦点。碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学在限定地层单元的最大沉积年龄、研究区域构造岩浆事件及约束构造地质背景等方面行之有效。基于此,通过对勉略带内五郎坪北侧两河口变沉积地层和侵入其中的变形花岗岩脉体进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究。获得2件变形花岗岩脉的结晶年龄均为406±1Ma。碎屑锆石主年龄谱分别为422～456Ma和558～826Ma,峰值年龄为441Ma和771Ma、813Ma,次级年龄谱分别为942～1495Ma和1658～2981Ma,峰值年龄不明显。依据最小一组碎屑锆石的峰值年龄(441Ma),和侵入其中的变形花岗岩脉(406±0.6Ma),限定该变沉积地层形成时代为406～441Ma(S_1-D_1)。碎屑锆石年龄谱显示该套变沉积地层物质来源较为复杂,其中秦岭造山带及扬子板块北缘早古生代、新元古代岩浆岩为其提供了74%±的物源,古老变质基底为其提供了26%±的物源。通过与区域上已有资料对比,认为勉略构造带内晚古生代沉积地层形成环境与邻区大致相同,且本次所获得的变沉积岩碎屑锆石年龄谱也与邻区泥盆系相似。综合认为,勉略构造带与邻区在晚古生代应属同一构造环境,晚古生代"勉略海盆"应当包括整个南秦岭。     

Reconstructing past climatic anomalies in the North Pacific and western North America from tree-ring data

Winter climatic anomalies in the North Pacific sector and western North America are statistically calibrated with tree-ring data in western North America and reconstructed back to AD 1700. The results are verified using climatic data from the last half of the 19th century, which is prior to the calibration period. Climatic conditions reconstructed for 18th and 19th century winters are then summarized and compared with the 20th century record.     

Lead isotope data from selected galena occurrences in the North Eifel and North Sauerland,Germany

The isotopic ratios of Pb have been determined from 33 galena samples collected from a variety of occurrences in the north Eifel and north Sauerland. On the basis of the data presented, it is not possible to distinguish between the isotopic characteristics of galena-Pb from veins, carbonate cavity-filling and sandstone-hosted disseminated mineralisation in the north Eifel. In the north Sauerland, Saxonian (late Mesozoic-Tertiary) disseminated Pb mineralisation in Cretaceous-Tertiary sediments is generally more radiogenic than Saxonian vein mineralisation in Paleozoic country rocks. Variscan vein-type mineralisation (Ramsbeck, Ebbe Mountains) proved to have the least radiogenic Pb. The results are discussed in terms of potential sources of the Pb, and are compared to other data reported from European deposits.     

Coronas from the Thessaloniki gabbros,North Greece

Chemical composition of the phases occurring as corona structures in the Thessaloniki gabbros are subjected to algebraic method of treatment following Korzhinskii [1]. The analysis reveals that the mineralogical reactions responsible for the growth of the corona structures were possibly allochemical in nature in regard to the non-volatile components. The chemical similarity of the pyroxenes occurring within and beyond the corona structures in the gabbros appears compatible with such a model.     

华北板块北缘中二叠统于家北沟组植物化石及其大地构造意义

通过对内蒙古赤峰市广兴源乡于家北沟组模式剖面植物化石和安山质晶屑岩屑凝灰岩锆石U-Pb同位素年代学的研究,结合动物化石的分析,确认于家北沟组地质时代为中二叠世。于家北沟组植物化石以Gigantonoclea hallei Asama、Fascipteris sinensis Stockm. et Math.、Pecopteris taiyuanensis Halle、Pterophyllum daihoense Kaw.等众多华夏植物群典型分子为特征,属于典型的华夏植物群。目前,在中二叠世植物群中,从未发现有华夏和安加拉两大植物群的混生现象,这一事实进一步表明,中二叠世横亘于华北板块和佳蒙地块之间的古亚洲洋尚未闭合,在植物地理分布上起着重要的阻隔作用。     

Mesoproterozoic biogenic thrombolites from the North China platform

Thrombolites are abundant in the subtidal dolostones of the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation (ca 1.50–1.45 Ga) in the North China platform. Three major components are identified within the thrombolites: irregular mesoclots, micritic matrix and spar-filled voids. The mesoclot generally comprises a relatively organic-rich micritic core and a microsparitic outer layer that consists of fibrous aragonite (pseudocrystals) with less organic matter. In the core of mesoclots, abundant fossilized organic remnants, such as putative coccoidal and filamentous bacteria and mucus- to film-like extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), are closely associated with organominerals including nanoglobules and submicron-scale polyhedrons. In exceptionally well-preserved mesoclots, their outer layers commonly contain micropores displaying as bacterial molds and filamentous bacteria fossils. The matrix of mesoclots consists mainly of micropeloids (20–30 μm in diameter) and minor terrigenous detritus. Some mesoclots have denticulate edges and their matrix shows growth laminations that envelope the outlines of mesoclots. These features indicate that the mesoclots are primary and they were mineralized earlier than the surrounding matrix. The mineralization of mesoclots may have proceeded in two stages: (1) organomineralization of the cores through replacement of organic matter by minute organominerals resulting from anaerobic degradation of bacteria and EPS and (2) inorganic precipitation of the outer layers fostered by an increase in carbonate alkalinity in micro-environment due to organic matter decomposition. The thrombolites from the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation may have formed through complex interactions between microbes and environments and represent the earliest known Precambrian biogenic thrombolites.     

New evidence from beneath the western North Atlantic for the depth of glacial erosion in Greenland and North America

Interpretation of Deep Sea Drilling Project results and air-gun seismic profiles suggests that about 10⁶ km³ of sediment have been eroded from eastern North America and southern Greenland and deposited in the adjacent North Atlantic since the beginning of continental glaciation. This volume is a minimum estimate which does not account for sediment beneath the continental shelf nor that portion carried south of the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge by the Western Boundary Undercurrent. It represents erosion of about 100 m of solid rock and indicates that more than 90% of the sediment eroded from these areas was deposited as sands, silts, and clays in the adjacent western North Atlantic. Glaciation accounts for between 55 and 95 m of this average 100 m, and fluvial processes account for the remainder. The documented erosion in part substantiates W. A. White's (1972, Geological Society of America Bulletin83, 1037–1056) hypothesis of deep erosion and exhumation of shield regions, but is not in agreement with the entire volume of erosion implied by his model.     

北羌塘盆地油页岩形成环境及其油气地质意义

最近在北羌塘长蛇山地区新发现了晚侏罗世—早白垩世大套油页岩及巨厚膏盐层,该油页岩与近年来作者在胜利河、长梁山地区发现的多处油页岩连成一片,构成了目前我国规模最大的中生代海相油页岩带—北羌塘油页岩带。沉积岩相、古地理研究表明,晚侏罗世—早白垩世时期,北羌塘盆地总体上为一个向北西开口的相对闭塞的巨大海湾,发育了河流-三角洲、海湾(潮坪-潟湖)和浅海-陆棚等沉积相组合。古气候、古环境研究表明,油页岩(段)沉积期,胜利河地区处于潮湿的热带-亚热带环境,大量淡水的注入以及高的生产力等综合因素,控制了油页岩的形成,其分布主要位于局限海湾-潟湖的边缘带;膏盐层(段)沉积则发育于相对干旱、炎热气候条件下的闭塞环境。北羌塘晚侏罗世—早白垩世油页岩及其上覆膏盐层是重要的烃源岩和区域性封盖层。油页岩及含膏盐层沉积组合的发现,对于重新认识羌塘盆地生烃条件及保存条件,具有十分重要的意义。     

Metallogeny and craton destruction: Records from the North China Craton

The link between metallogeny and craton destruction in the North China Craton (NCC) remains poorly understood, particularly the mechanisms within the interior of the craton. In this overview, we summarize the major stages in the history of formation and evolution of the NCC, the spatio-temporal distribution and types of major ore species, as well as mantle contribution to the metallogeny, in an attempt to evaluate the geodynamic settings of metallogeny and the mechanisms of formation of the ore deposits. The early Precambrian history of the NCC witnessed the amalgamation of micro-blocks and construction of the fundamental tectonic architecture of the craton by 2.5 Ga. The boundaries of these micro-blocks and the margins of the NCC remained as weak zones and were the principal locales along which inhomogeneous destruction of the craton occurred during later tectonothermal events. These zones record the formation of orogeny related gold, copper, iron and titanium during the early to middle Paleoproterozoic with ages ranging from 2.5 to 1.8 Ma. The Early Ordovician kimberlite and diamond mineralization at ca. 480 Ma, the Late Carboniferous and Early to middle Permian calc-alkaline, I-type granitoids and gold deposits of 324–300 Ma, and the Triassic alkaline rocks and gold–silver-polymetallic deposits occurring along these zones and the margins of the blocks correlate with rising mantle plume, southward subduction of the Siberian plate and northward subduction of the Yangtze plate, respectively. The voluminous Jurassic granitoids and Cretaceous intrusives carrying gold, molybdenum, copper, lead and zinc deposits are also localized along the weak zones and block margins. The concentration of most of these deposits in the eastern part of the NCC invokes correlation with lithosphere thinning associated with the westward subduction of the Pacific plate. Although magmatism and mineralization have been recorded along the margins and few places within the interior of the NCC in the Jurassic, their peak occurred in the Cretaceous in the eastern part of the NCC, marking large scale destruction of the craton at this time. The junctions of the boundaries between the micro-continental blocks are characterized by extensive inhomogeneous thinning. We propose that these junctions are probably for future mineral exploration targeting in the NCC.     

Paleosubmarine Volcanism and Mineralization from North Qilian Mountains

ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＮｏｒｔｈＱｉｌｉａｎＭｏｕｎｔａｉｎｓｈａｓｕｎｄｅｒｇｏｎｅｔｈｒｅｅｋｉｎｄｓｏｆｔｅｃ－ｔｏｎｉｃｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｓｉｎｃｅＰｒｏｔｅｒｏｚｏｉｃ,ｎａｍｅｌｙｃｏｎｔｉｎｅｎｔａｌｒｉｆｔ,ｐｌａｔｅｔｅｃｔｏｎｉｃａ...