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本文在考虑动态力源扰动的情况下,对岩石损伤对地震波辐射的影响及其震源表示进行了理论推导,证明了当有动态力源存在时,Ben-Zion和Ampuero于2009年给出的结果只是岩石非弹性响应对震源及相应地震波场的贡献,而非其全部.在此基础上,应用相关结果对岩石损伤破坏对地下核爆炸震源成分的影响进行了分析,给出了地下核爆炸情况下补偿线性偶极子源和构造应力释放与岩石损伤破坏之间的关系.结果表明,地下核爆炸补偿线性偶极子源主要来自于地表反射拉伸波和空腔回弹冲击波等造成的爆心上方锥形区域中的岩石破坏,而构造应力释放则主要来自于整个岩石破坏区内的构造应力松弛. 相似文献
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地下核爆炸Lg波的激发机制,目前尚未十分清楚.其中主要观点之一是源区附近由补偿线性矢量偶极源(CLVD)激发的Rg波的散射形成的S波是Lg波能量的主要来源.本文利用理论地震图模拟方法,基于东哈萨克斯坦地区速度模型,分析比较了东哈萨克斯坦地壳速度模型下的爆炸源、张裂源及CLVD源对区域震相Lg波的影响.结果表明,从能量的角度来看,CLVD源是激发Lg波的主要因素.模拟计算结果也进一步证实了CLVD源激发的Lg波振幅谱具有低谷点的特征源自于该震源所激发的Rg波;在此基础之上,检验了Patton提出的估算震源埋藏深度的经验公式.结果发现,该公式仅适用于震源埋藏深度较浅的情况(<500m).这些结果对于进一步理解及更好地利用Lg波具有重要理论指导意义. 相似文献
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基于频率-波数域算法的理论地震波形图方法, 可以数值模拟频率达到10 Hz、 震中距达1000 km的区域理论地震波形图. 该算法适用于计算大量分层地壳结构中激发的导波Lg波. 本文在前苏联东哈萨克斯坦地下核试验场至我国乌鲁木齐台站间的地球介质速度模型中, 引入速度梯度结构、 速度扰动分布的薄叠加层结构、 降低Q值结构以及速度扰动与Q值变化的综合结构来模拟实际地壳波导结构, 较好地模拟出东哈萨克斯坦地下核爆炸地震在乌鲁木齐台站记录的宽频带地震波形图, 模拟出完整的Lg波序列, 该序列符合Lg波能量分布特征, 且能够解释Lg波波尾的特征. 结果表明, Lg波的形状和峰值结构均依赖于地壳的不同波导结构. 相似文献
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The earlyP wave coda (5–15 sec after the first arrival) of underground explosions at the Nevada Test Site is studied in the time domain using 2082 teleseismic short-period recordings, with the intent of identifying near-source contributions to the signals in the frequency range 0.2–2.0 Hz. Smaller magnitude events tend to have relatively high coda levels in the 0.4–0.8 Hz frequency band for both Yucca Flat and Pahute Mesa explosions. Coda complexity in this low-frequency passband is negatively correlated with burial depth for Pahute Mesa events but is only weakly correlated with depth for Yucca Flat events. Enhanced excitation of relatively long-period scattered waves for smaller, less deeply buried events is required to explain this behavior. Coda complexity in the 0.8–1.1 Hz band is positively correlated with magnitude and depth for Pahute Mesa events, but has no such dependence for Yucca Flat events. This may result from systematic variations between the spectra of direct signals and coda arrivals caused bypP interference for the largest events, all of which were detonated at Pahute Mesa. Another possible explanation is a frequency-dependent propagation effect on the direct signals of the larger events, most of which were located in the center of the mesa overlying strong lateral velocity gradients in the crust and upper mantle. Event average complexity varies spatially for both test sites, particularly in the 0.8–1.1 Hz band, providing evidence for frequency-dependent focussing or scattering by near-source structure. Both the direct arrivals and the early coda have strong azimuthal amplitude patterns that are produced by defocussing by mantle heterogeneity. The direct arrivals have stronger coherent azimuthal patterns than the early coda for Pahute Mesa events, indicating more pronounced deep crustal and shallow mantle defocussing for the direct signals. However, for Yucca Flat events the direct arrivals have less coherent azimuthal patterns than the coda, suggesting that a highly variable component of near-source scattering preferentially affecting the downgoing energy is superimposed on a pattern produced by mantle heterogeneity that affects the entire signal. This complicated behavior of the direct arrivals may be the result of triplications and caustics produced by the complex basement structure known to underlie the Yucca Flat test site. The presence of strong azimuthal patterns in the early coda indicates that source strength estimates based on early coda are subject to biases similar to those affecting estimates based on direct arrivals. 相似文献
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Generally the decomposition of a seismic moment tensor is not unique. However, to favorably view the characteristics of a certain seismic source, one must decompose a seismic moment tensor into parts according to assumptions about the properties of the seismic source. Different from natural earthquakes in which the shear dislocation component plays a predominant role in the source process, and the seismic moment tensor can be separated into an isotropic component, a double couple, and a compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD), underground nuclear explosions have three major components in their source process, i.e., the explosion, the tensional spalling, and the tectonic strain release associated with the explosion. In such a situation the conventional moment tensor decomposition for earthquakes is not convenient to estimate the yield of the explosion and to characterize the tectonic strain release. In this paper, an alternative decomposition scheme is proposed to deal with the moment tensor of underground nuclear explosions, which might benefit the approach to study the tectonic strain release induced by underground nuclear detonations. 相似文献
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与波形反演方法相比,相对幅值法在利用短周期地震波反演震源机制时不需要高分辨率的地球模型,因此更适合于低震级地震事件的震源机制反演.本文以Pearce的传统相对幅值法为基础,引入一种新目标函数以量化特定震源机制解模型的直达P波与地表反射pP和sP波的理论相对幅值与实际观测之间的不吻合程度,由此提高了相对幅值法的容错能力.利用改进的相对幅值法,反演了吉尔吉斯斯坦伊赛克湖地区震级分别为mb4.9和mb3.8的两次天然地震震源断层面解.对于较大的地震,利用5个远震台阵上观测的pP/P和sP/P相对幅值得到的震源断层面解,与哈佛大学的CMT断层面解非常接近;对于哈佛大学没有给出CMT解的较小地震,利用同样方法得到的震源断层面解的走向与震中位置处主要断层的走向一致,而且利用该断层面解可以拟合和解释区域台站上的长周期波形和P波初动方向.最后,为了说明相对幅值法在地下核爆炸地震事件识别中的应用,利用改进的相对幅值法分析了朝鲜2006年10月9日核试验的远震P波波形,发现没有断层面解与远震台站上的P波波形特征相吻合. 相似文献
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Avi Shapira 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1981,26(3):188-197
The concept of determining magnitudes, Mτ, of regional events (Δ < 1000 km) by means of coda-duration measurements is re-examined by using short-period vertical-component seismograms from Nevada Test Site explosions. The duration is specified as the time interval between the expected arrival of the S-wave and the time when coda waves fall and stay below 80 μm peak-to-peak ground displacement. The suggested procedure requires that for Mτ = 4.0 the coda duration at a distance of 100 km is 120 s. The adaptivity of the method is examined in terms of the single-station magnitude scatter, and with respect to the potential accuracy of the yield estimation of the explosions.The derived magnitude formula for underground nuclear explosions in granite is of the form: Mτ =0.18+0.001Δ+1.79 log τ+Cs, where Cs is a station correction coefficient for non-WWNSS stations. 相似文献
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Ota Kulhánek 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1971,88(1):121-136
Summary Short-period vertical-componentP-wave spectra have been determined for twelve Nevada underground nuclear explosions recorded by the Swedish seismic station network. Selected events cover the magnitude range fromm
b
=5.9 tom
b
=7.0 and the shot-depth range from 460 m to 1400 m. All explosion spectra show pronounced minima near 1 sec period. Within individual test areas the period at which the minimum occurs increases systematically with increasing shot-depth. This dependence makes it possible to interpret the observed minima in terms of interference betweenP- andpP-waves. One atmospheric explosion from Novaya Zemlya is analyzed to verify the inferred minima intrpretation.The minimum-period shows also a systematic linear dependence upon the magnitude. However, the physical explanation for this dependence is not evident and it may just be a consequence of a magnitude-depth relation.On leave from the Geophysical Institute, Czechosl. Acad. Sci., Prague 4-Spoilov, Boni II. 相似文献
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P. Argo R. A. Clark A. Douglas V. Gupta J. Hassard P. M. Lewis P. K. H. Maguire K. Playford F. Ringdal 《Surveys in Geophysics》1995,16(4):495-532
This paper reports on a joint meeting of the Royal Astronomical Society's Joint Association for Geophysics and VERTIC (the Verification Technology Information Centre) held in London in 1992. The topics presented focused on the detection and recognition of underground nuclear explosions. The objective of the meeting was to emphasize the multi-methodological approach that is important in verifying compliance with test-ban treaties. An overview of seismological monitoring was followed by a discussion of the technical and scientific aspects of a global seismic monitoring network, and in particular of the 1991 experiment to test the large-scale international exchange of seismic data between recording stations and data centres world-wide. The current capabilities of satellite remote-sensing were presented, and their use explained in terms of both the provision of information for monitoring the development of foreign nuclear testing programmes and also for providing sufficient information for the evaluation of treaty compliance. A review of radio-isotope sampling showed how the isotopic signature of both air and ground based sampling programmes can be diagnostic of the nuclear source. Finally, previously classified research on the ionospheric effects of underground nuclear explosions was presented, the generated acoustic waves disturbing the ionosphere and producing detectable changes in the reflection of radio and radar signals which have potential as a monitoring technique. 相似文献
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目前普遍认为Rg_S散射是地下核爆炸短周期Lg波的主要能量来源,其主要依据为由线性偶极补偿源(CLVD)激发的Rg波谱的低谷点随深度变化的特征与区域震相Lg波谱的低谷点随深度变化的特征具有一致性. 本文利用简正振型理论,分析了Rg波谱中低谷点的形成机理,给出了各种速度模型下CLVD源深度与低谷点频率之间的关系,并分析了利用公式hCLVD=V/(16fNull)估计震源深度的局限性. 本文的研究结果进一步支持了CLVD源是激发Lg波的主要因素的观点,并得到重要结论:CLVD源形式下的本征位移函数及其导数的叠加所形成的极小值,即源的空间分布特征,是形成Rg波低谷点的原因,而不能仅用水平向基频本征位移函数过零点来解释. 相似文献