Maps for Planning

Abstract

Maps play an important part in planning at national, regional and local levels. This role should increase ill the future as greater use is made of computers.

This paper was presented to the annual Symposium of the Society in September 1970, at the University of Bristol.     

BOWDITCH TRAVERSE ADJUSTMENT AND A MODIFICATION: NOTES

Abstract

In the second part of the paper on this subject in the last issue (30, 483) the references to the relative angular and linear closures are rather misleading. Mr Clendinning points out that the probable angular error at a station must be considered; the mean error is clearly different.     

Cartography in Advertising

Abstract

This short paper attempts to pursue an analytical account of the cartography in present day advertising. Particular reference is made to the printed advertisements in newspapers, brochures and periodicals available in Britain.     

LEAST SQUARES ADJUSTMENTS OF TRIANGULATION

Abstract

Mr. Rainsford's paper in E.S.R. No. 78 establishes as thoroughly as one can wish by computational example that there is little to choose in relative accuracy between direction adjustment and angle adjustment, and that the deciding factor is really ease and speed of computation.     

SOME SUGGESTIONS FOR SPEEDING UP WORK ON TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS

Abstract

This paper includes a certain amount of material appearing in articles by the writer published at various times in the Empire Survey Review, but it seems convenient to embody these articles as part of one connected paper.     

Adaptive Relative Motion Representation of Space–Time Trajectories

Abstract

In this article the author explains how military geography information is being exploited by modern Armed Forces. In doing so he highlights some of the underlying principles of surveying and cartographic that define paper mapping, and that are still applicable in the digital era.

This article reflects the personal views of Lieutenant Colonel Prain who is currently serving in the Headquarters of the Defence Geographic and Imagery Intelligence Agency.     

INTERPRETATION AND ADEQUACY OF COMMONLY GIVEN INFORMATION ABOUT THE INSTRUMENTAL PRECISION OF AIR SURVEY EQUIPMENT

Abstract

Some difficulties in interpreting the specifications of instrumental accuracy are pointed out and traced to inadequate information. The paper discusses the possibility of amplifying this information for the benefit of the user and without over-burdening the inspection departments of the manufacturers.

It is suggested that the given information should include (1) estimates of all suspected errors and distortions, (2) the confidence limits relevant to (a) the errors incurred in any given measurements and (b) their point-to-point variation.

Confidencelimits for the effects of observational errors may be worked out from the t-distribution in the usual way, or more readily read from graphs given in this paper. Further research is however needed to investigate the statistical behaviour of other sources of variation in order to establish appropriate systems for the construction of corresponding confidence limits.     

EVALUATING THE DISTORTION INVOLVED IN THE READJUSTMENT OF A NETWORK: THE SCHOLS ADJUSTMENT AS A POSSIBLE CRITERION

Abstract

The object of the present paper is to provide a criterion for assessing the value of a network of surveyed points in the light of a subsequent accurate coordination of control points in the area.     

DEVIATION OF THE VERTICAL. DISCUSSION

Abstract

The following is a report of the discussion on the paper by Mr. A. R. Robbins on “Deviation of the Vertical” which was read at a meeting of the Land Surveying Division of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors held on Tuesday, 12th December, 1950, and which was published in the January issue of this Review (xi, 79, 28–36).     

The Representation of Disputed Political Boundaries in General Atlases

Abstract

The extremely complex problems of boundary representation in general atlases are critically examined by a Lecturer in Geography at University College, London. The paper is based on that given in Section IX, Cartography, at the International Geographical Congress, London 1964.     

Digital Map Generalization at the Age of Enlightenment: a Review of the First Forty Years

Abstract

From 1966 to 2006, digital map generalization has undergone a 40-year development. This paper provides an examination of the development in the first 40 years and an outlook. Emphasis is on theoretical and technical developments.     

EXPANSION OF PAPER AS AFFECTING BEARING

Abstract

The problem of the influence of the paper itself on bearings taken off maps or plans has been recently discussed by G. T. M. in this Review (iii, 22, 479). The following alternative method of solving the problem may be of interest; the same figure and symbols are used as in the article mentioned.     

Symap: Its Uses and Abuses

Abstract

This paper was first presented at the Swansea Symposium of The British Cartographic Society in September 1975. It illustrates some of the possibilities and limitations of the Synagraphic Mapping System.     

Pioneer Geodesy: the Arc of the 30th Meridian in the Former Northern Rhodesia

Abstract

This paper discusses the part played by graphic illustrations in enhancing the written word in the teaching of social science subjects. Data for the study were obtained from students within the Calgary School System.     

A Dealer's Perspective on the Future of Paper Maps

Abstract

The paper discusses changes that have occurred over the last 15 years in how maps are sold, where they are sold and who is buying them. The emphasis is on the situation in the United States of America, but developments in Europe and the United Kingdom are also included.     

A TRANSVERSE MERCATOR PROJECTION OF THE SPHEROID ALTERNATIVE TO THE GAUSS-KRÜGER FORM

Abstract

The excuse for yet another paper on the Transverse Mercator projection, which has already received what should be more than its fair share of space in this Review, can only be that there is a fresh viewpoint to offer. It is the purpose of this paper to show that there are, in fact, two “Transverse Mercator” projections of the spheroid, of which one has hitherto almost escaped notice.     

A Place to Howl: A GIS Instructional Module on the Mexican Gray Wolf

Abstract

This paper covers the development of a GIS instructional module centered on the reintroduction of the Mexican Gray Wolf in the Southwest, United States. This module is used in an undergraduate geography course on the United States. The paper also reports on how forty‐one students applied the module in trying to find an appropriate location to reintroduce the wolf.     

HORIZONTAL ANGLES IN TRIANGULATION: SOME PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS REGARDING THEIR OBSERVATION AND ADJUSTMENT

Abstract

MR. RAINSFORD'S paper on Directions versus Angles in the Least Squares Adjustment of Triangulation in the October 1950 issue of the E.S.R. (x, 78, 353–366) has raised some interesting points and has prompted me to put on paper my own views and some of the results of my own experience.     

Desktop Mapping on the Apple Macintosh

Abstract

This paper describes the range of topographic maps produced by the Danish Geodetic Institute, some of the production methods together with plans for the future.