自重固结与土层的固结状态初探

介绍了沉积厚度与时问平方根和沉积厚度与时间呈直线关系、底面不排水时沉积过程中固结的Gibson理论解答以及不考虑沉积时固结作用、底面不排水时沉积后自重固结的Terzaphi理论解答，据此分析了上述两种沉积模式不同沉积速率时目前仍处于沉积过程的土层的固结状态，求算出了停止沉积后土层固结所需的最长时问，指出业已停止沉积数百年以上的土层一般不应处于欠固结状态。     

正常固结软土渗透系数与固结应力关系研究

从固结系数的定义出发,将压缩系数视为变量,建立了渗透系数与固结应力的微分方程,求得了软土正常固结状态时,考虑前期固结压力的渗透系数随固结应力变化关系表达式。利用室内试验数据,将提出的公式与现有渗透系数与固结应力关系式、试验结果进行对比。研究表明,所提出的公式能较好地反映渗透系数随固结应力变化的特点,比未考虑前期固结压力的计算式更接近于实际情况,从而为实际工程中预估固结变形速率提供了一种较为准确的方法。     

固结试验的数学描述

固结试验的一般数学描述是建立在主次固结人为的分开的基础上的.而本文根据固结试验所得到的沉降与时间关系曲线的特点,建立了一个简单实用且连续的函数来描述固结试验,并分析了该模型的特点.历时18个月的香港软土固结试验,验证了该方法的正确性,并对模型的参数进行了讨论.     

基于固结试验的固结系数合理选择探讨

本文以广深线上里程为K44 165～ 300段土样的94组固结试验数据为依据,探讨基于室内固结试验合理选择固结系数的方法,分析结果发现：当固结压力较现存压力小得多时,时间平方根法和司各脱法计算所得的固结系数比较合适;当固结压力大小在现存压力P。左右时,应选三点法计算所得的固结系数。     

温州浅滩淤泥固结系数与固结应力关系研究

固结系数在软土压缩过程中并非常数,其变化规律与土体的工程特性、先期固结压力、有效固结应力等因素有关。当固结应力小于土体的先期固结压力时（ ）,随着应力的增加,固结系数减小;当固结应力达到其先期固结压力时（ ）,固结系数取最小值;当固结应力超过先期固结压力后（ ）,随着应力的继续增加,淤泥固结系数又逐渐增大。温州淤泥的固结系数与固结应力之间存在显著的双对数（ln( 或 )- ）线性相关性,其分段拟合公式在先期固结压力 的前后分为两段。利用“改进的门田法”求解的淤泥层在压缩过程中,固结系数的变化规律,进一步说明和验证了这一结论。利用双对数拟合公式可较准确推求整个加载过程中淤泥的固结系数,为固结沉降计算提供重要的参数。     

确定固结系数的固结速率半对数法

基于太沙基一维固结理论,推导了固结速率与固结时间的解析关系,为固结系数的求解开辟了新方法。该方法避免了图解法的缺陷,消除了初始沉降和次固结的影响。求解中采用最小二乘法原理,便于计算机数据处理。通过与现有方法比较,发现该方法准确、可靠和简便,可以在实际工程中推广应用。     

软土次固结特性试验研究

对广州南沙原状软土进行了一系列的固结试验,探讨了应力历史、加荷比、超载预压对软土次固结的影响。试验结果表明：软土的主次固结的划分与加荷比有关,加荷比对次固结系数C?也有影响;次固结系数主要受到先期固结压力pc的影响,当ppc时,次固结系数表现出不同的变化规律;经预压处理后土样的次固结系数与压缩指数Cc之比近似为一常数：C?/Cc≈0.03,试验成果所揭示的次固结特性对先期固结压力的依赖,为降低地基工后沉降提供了明确的思路。     

对欠固结土的超固结比的探讨

欠固结土是在自重作用下尚未固结完成的土,欠固结土的超固结比（overconsolidation ratio,简称OCR）取值在现有文献中可见两种不同的表述,分别是等于1和小于1,这容易导致概念混淆和超固结比取值误用等问题。对国内外使用较为广泛的土力学教材中超固结比相关内容进行了整理,发现超固结比有两种不同的定义表达式,这两种表达式中分母的不同是导致欠固结土超固结比取值差异的根源。采用知识图谱法,对超固结比和欠固结土的概念内涵、历史源头和研究应用等进行了综合分析,结果表明：研究欠固结土相关问题时,采用固结度或固结状态参数作为分析变量可完全替代超固结比的作用;将超固结比定义为前期固结应力与现有有效应力的比值（即OCR = p_c /p′₀,p_c为前期有效固结压力,p′₀为竖直有效应力）,契合应力历史对土体工程特性影响的内在机制,也符合概念的历史渊源。     

对经典小变形固结理论固结系数的辨析

针对经典固结理论中固结系数的两种不同定义,探讨了其根源和潜在影响。对体元体积变化率的计算方法不同是导致产生两种小变形固结系数的主要原因。根据有限变形理论分析,Terzaghi(1943)和Terzaghi & Fröhlich (1936)提出的小变形固结系数分别具有拉格朗日坐标和欧拉坐标的背景,均不同于Terzaghi(1923)最早得到的形式。在Gibson大变形理论研究中涉及的小变形固结系数是按Terzaghi & Fröhlich定义的,在此前提下所得的大、小变形法结果差异的定量结果可能具有一定局限性。从应用角度看,两种固结系数之间的差别与荷载大小和土体的结构性等因素有关。     

固结系数的空间变异性对一维固结的影响分析

采用空间均值的方差的两种算法分析了自相关距离对固结系数的变异性的影响。结果表明,随着自相关距离的增大,固结系数的变异性增大。分析了不同土层的固结系数的不同,变异性对一维平均固结度的影响是不同的。结果表明分析一维固结,应视土层情况和工程性质考虑是否用随机场来模拟土的固结。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861