BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article:
International Stratigraphic Guide: A Guide to Stratigraphy, Terminology and Procedure , by International Subcommission on Stratigraphic Classification of IUGS Commission on Stratigraphy, Edited by Hollis D. Hedberg
Marine Sediment Transport and Environmental Management . Edited by D. J. Stanley & D. J. P. Swift.     

Book reviews

Books review in this article:
Tide-influenced Sedimentary Environments and Facies, ed. by P. L. de Boer, A. van Gelder and S. D. Nio
Tides, Surges and Mean Sea-Level, A Handbook for Engineers and Scientists, by D. T. Pugh
Reservoir Sedimentology, ed. by R. W. Tillman and K. J. Weber
Sedimentation and Tectonics of the Welsh Basin, ed. by W. R. Fitches and N. H. Woodcock
Sediment Transport in Gravel Bed Rivers, ed. by C. R. Thorne, J. C. Bathurst & R. D. Hey
Periglacial Processes and Landforms in Britain and Ireland, ed. by John Broadman
Biolaminated Deposits, by G. Gerdes & W. E. Krumbein
Dinosaurs Past and Present, ed. by S. J. Czerkas and E. C. Olson.
Abrupt Climatic Change, Evidence and Implications, ed. by W. H. Berger and L. D. Labeyrie
The Morphodynamics of the Wadden Sea, by J. Ehlers, A. A. Balkema
Paleokarst, ed. by N. P. James and P. W. Choquette
Sea-level Fluctuation and Coastal Evolution, ed. by D. Nummedal, O. H. Pilkey and J. D. Howard     

Book reviews

Book review in this article
Antarctic Cenozoic History from the MSSTS-1 Drill Hole McMurdo Sound, ed. by P. J. Barrett
Experimental Fluvial Geomorphology, by Stanley A. Schumm, M. Paul Mosley and William E. Weaver
Diagenetic Bedding: A Model for Marl-Limestone Alterations, by W. Ricken
Cretaceous and Cenozoic Sedimentary Basins of the West Coast Region, South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Basin Studies1, by S. Nathan, H. J. Anderson, R. A. Cook, R. H. Herzer, R. H. Hoskins, J. I. Raine and D. Smale
The Marine Environment of the U.S. Atlantic Continental Slope and Rise, ed. by J. D. Milliman & W. R. Wright
Shelf Sands and Sandstones, ed. by R. John Knight and J. Ross McLean.
Foreland Basins, ed. by P. A. Allen and P. Homewood.
Proterozoic Geology: Selected Papers from an International Proterozoic Symposium, ed. L. G. Medaris, Jr., C. W. Byers, D. M. Mickelson & W. C. Shanks
Géologie de la Préhistoire, Méthodes, Techniques, Applications, ed. by J. C. Miskovsky
Aeolian Geomorphology (Proceedings of the 17th Annual Binghamton Geomorphology Symposium, September 1986.), ed. by William G. Nickling
Aeolian Dust and Dust Deposits, by K. Pye
Biological Markers in the Sedimentary Record, ed. by R. B. Johns
Stable Isotope Geochemistry, by J. Hoefs
Reef Diagenesis, ed. by J. H. Schroeder and B. H. Purser     

Reviews

INTRODUCTION TO METAMORPHIC TEXTURES AND MICROSTRUCTURES . By A. J. Barker. Blackie, Glasgow, 1989.
ECLOGITE FACIES ROCKS . Edited by D. A. Carswell. Blackie, Glasgow, 1990.
EVOLUTION OF METAMORPHIC BELTS . Edited by J. S. Daly, R. A. Cliff & B. W. D. Yardley.
AN INTRODUCTION TO METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY . By B. W. D. Yardley.     

Book reviews

Book review in this article
Cross-bedding, Bedforms and Paleocurrents, by D. M. Rubin
Beach and Nearshore Sediments and Processes, ed. By R. A. Davis Jr.,
Sedimentary Processes on the Amazon Continental Shelf, ed. by C. A. Nittrouer and D. J. DeMaster
Fjords: Processes and Products, by J. P. M. Syvitski, D. C. Burrell, and J. M. Skei
Alluvial Soils, ed. by J. Gerrard,
Electron Micrographs (TEM, SEM) of Clays and Clay Minerals, by K.-H. Henning and M. Störr
The Origins of Angiosperms and their Biological consequences, ed. by E. M. Friis, W. G. Chaloner & P. R. Crane
The Motion of Allochthonous Terranes Across the North Pacific Basin, by M. G. Debiche, A. Cox and D. Engebretson
Geomorphic Systems of North America, ed. by W. L. Graf
Approaches to Interpretation of Sedimentary Environments, ed. by D. J. Cant and F. J. Hein
Carbonate Depositional Environments: Modern and Ancient. Part I. Reefs.
European Dinantian Environments, ed. by J. Miller, A.E. Adams, and V.P. Wright
Mesozoic and Cenozoic Oceans, ed. by K. J. Hsü
Marine Minerals: Advances in Research and Resource Assessment, ed. by P.G. Teleki, M.R. Dobson, J.R. Moore and U. von Stackelberg.
Sedimentation and Mineral Deposits in the Southwestern Pacific Ocean, ed. by D.S. Cronan
A Practical Approach to Sedimentology, by Ray Lindholm
Clastic Particles, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Shape Analysis of Sedimentary and Volcanic Claste, ed. by John R. Marshall     

Encyclopaedic vision: Speculating on The Dictionary of Human Geography

Since the turn of the millennium, human geography has witnessed the publishing of an increasing number encyclopaedias and dictionaries as well as books under the headings of “handbooks”, “readers” and “companions” to different fields within the discipline. In the present paper, I take as a point of departure this encyclopaedic “frenzy” in order to speculate on the works and values of a long-standing and authoritative geographical companion, The Dictionary of Human Geography (DHG) [Johnston, R.J., Gregory, D., Haggett, P., Smith, D.M., Stoddart, D.R. (Eds.), 1981. The Dictionary of Human Geography. Blackwell, Oxford; Johnston, R.J., Gregory, D., Smith, D.M. (Eds.), 1986a. The Dictionary of Human Geography, second ed. Blackwell, Oxford; Johnston, R.J., Gregory, D., Smith, D.M. (Eds.), 1994. The Dictionary of Human Geography, third ed. Blackwell, Oxford; Johnston, R.J., Gregory, D., Pratt, G., Watts, M. (Eds.), 2000a. The Dictionary of Human Geography, fourth ed. Blackwell, Oxford]. Apart from being subject to regular book reviews, the DHG has escaped attention from geographers critically engaged in debating the works of the discipline. It is argued here that this is due to the fact that the DHG appears to have established itself as an apparently objective recording of human geographers’ myriad of interests. The DHG is, however, a product of complex webs of subjective, situated concerns and thus a version of the discipline deserving of debate.     

A guide to pollen analysis

P. D. Moore & J. A. Webb: An Illustrated Guide to Pollen Analysis , Hodder & Stoughton, London-Sydney-Auckland-Toronto.     

天津地热资源评价与综合研究

以4 000 m以浅的主要热储层为研究对象,通过总结天津地热资源特征及勘查现状,利用热储法结合水均衡法和数值耦合优化管理模型计算天津市主要热储层30 a热流体可采资源量及可采热量。结果表明: 到2045年底,热储法结合水均衡法计算的热流体可采资源量和可采热量分别为27.012×10¹⁸ m³和47.0×10¹⁶ J; 数值耦合优化管理模型计算的热流体可采资源量和可采热量分别为26.6×10¹⁸ m³和49.74×10¹⁶ J; 2种方法计算结果基本一致。该计算结果可为天津市地热资源合理开发及科学管理提供依据。     

Late Pleistocene and Holocene paleoseismology of an intraplate seismic zone in a large alluvial valley, the New Madrid seismic zone, Central USA

The New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) is an intraplate right-lateral strike-slip and thrust fault system contained mostly within the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. The most recent earthquake sequence in the zone occurred in 1811–1812 and had estimated moment magnitudes of 7–8 (e.g., [Johnston, A.C., 1996. Seismic moment assessment of stable continental earthquakes, Part 3: 1811–1812 New Madrid, 1886 Charleston, and 1755 Lisbon. Geophysical Journal International 126, 314–344; Johnston, A.C., Schweig III, E.S, 1996. The enigma of the New Madrid earthquakes of 1811–1812. Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences 24, 339–384; Hough, S.E., Armbruster, J.G., Seeber, L., Hough, J.F., 2000. On the modified Mercalli intensities and magnitudes of the New Madrid earthquakes. Journal of Geophysical Research 105 (B10), 23,839–23,864; Tuttle, M.P., 2001. The use of liquefaction features in paleoseismology: Lessons learned in the New Madrid seismic zone, central United States. Journal of Seismology 5, 361–380]). Four earlier prehistoric earthquakes or earthquake sequences have been dated A.D. 1450 ± 150, 900 ± 100, 300 ± 200, and 2350 B.C. ± 200 years using paleoliquefaction features, particularly those associated with native American artifacts, and in some cases surface deformation ([Craven, J. A. 1995. Paleoseismology study in the New Madrid seismic zone using geological and archeological features to constrain ages of liquefaction deposits. M.S thesis, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, U.S.A.; Tuttle, M.P., Lafferty III, R.H., Guccione, M.J., Schweig III, E.S., Lopinot, N., Cande, R., Dyer-Williams, K., Haynes, M., 1996. Use of archaeology to date liquefaction features and seismic events in the New Madrid seismic zone, central United States. Geoarchaeology 11, 451–480; Guccione, M.J., Mueller, K., Champion, J., Shepherd, S., Odhiambo, B., 2002b. Stream response to repeated co-seismic folding, Tiptonville dome, western Tennessee. Geomorphology 43(2002), 313–349; Tuttle, M.P., Schweig, E.S., Sims, J.D., Lafferty, R.H., Wolf, L.W., Haynes, M.L., 2002. The earthquake potential of the New Madrid seismic zone, Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v 92, n. 6, p. 2080–2089; Tuttle, M.P., Schweig III, E.S., Campbell, J., Thomas, P.M., Sims, J.D., Lafferty III, R.H., 2005. Evidence for New Madrid earthquakes in A.D. 300 and 2350 B.C. Seismological Research Letters 76, 489–501]). The two most recent prehistoric and the 2350 B.C. events were probably also earthquake sequences with approximately the same magnitude as the historic sequence.Surface deformation (faulting and folding) in an alluvial setting provides many examples of stream response to gradient changes that can also be used to date past earthquake events. Stream responses include changes in channel morphology, deviations in the channel path from the regional gradient, changes in the direction of flow, anomalous longitudinal profiles, and aggradation or incision of the channel ([Merritts, D., Hesterberg, T, 1994. Stream networks and long-term surface uplift in the New Madrid seismic zone. Science 265, 1081–1084.; Guccione, M.J., Mueller, K., Champion, J., Shepherd, S., Odhiambo, B., 2002b. Stream response to repeated co-seismic folding, Tiptonville dome, western Tennessee. Geomorphology 43 (2002), 313–349]). Uplift or depression of the floodplain affects the frequency of flooding and thus the thickness and style of vertical accretion or drowning of a meander scar to form a lake. Vegetation may experience trauma, mortality, and in some cases growth enhancement due to ground failure during the earthquake and hydrologic changes after the earthquake ([VanArdale, R.B., Stahle, D.W., Cleaveland, M.K., Guccione, M.J., 1998. Earthquake signals in tree-ring data from the New Madrid seismic zone and implications for paleoseismicity. Geology 26, 515–518]). Identification and dating these physical and biologic responses allows source areas to be identified and seismic events to be dated.Seven fault segments are recognized by microseismicity and geomorphology. Surface faulting has been recognized at three of these segments, Reelfoot fault, New Madrid North fault, and Bootheel fault. The Reelfoot fault is a compressive stepover along the strike-slip fault and has up to 11 m of surface relief ([Carlson, S.D., 2000. Formation and geomorphic history of Reelfoot Lake: insight into the New Madrid seismic zone. M.S. Thesis, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, U.S.A]) deforming abandoned and active Mississippi River channels ([Guccione, M.J., Mueller, K., Champion, J., Shepherd, S., Odhiambo, B., 2002b. Stream response to repeated co-seismic folding, Tiptonville dome, western Tennessee. Geomorphology 43 (2002), 313–349]). The New Madrid North fault apparently has only strike-slip motion and is recognized by modern microseismicity, geomorphic anomalies, and sand cataclasis ([Baldwin, J.N., Barron A.D., Kelson, K.I., Harris, J.B., Cashman, S., 2002. Preliminary paleoseismic and geophysical investigation of the North Farrenburg lineament: primary tectonic deformation associated with the New Madrid North Fault?. Seismological Research Letters 73, 393–413]). The Bootheel fault, which is not identified by the modern microseismicity, is associated with extensive liquefaction and offset channels ([Guccione, M.J., Marple, R., Autin, W.J., 2005, Evidence for Holocene displacements on the Bootheel fault (lineament) in southeastern Missouri: Seismotectonic implications for the New Madrid region. Geological Society of America Bulletin 117, 319–333]). The fault has dominantly strike-slip motion but also has a vertical component of slip. Other recognized surface deformation includes relatively low-relief folding at Big Lake/Manila high ([Guccione, M.J., VanArdale, R.B., Hehr, L.H., 2000. Origin and age of the Manila high and associated Big Lake “Sunklands”, New Madrid seismic zone, northeastern Arkansas. Geological Society of America Bulletin 112, 579–590]) and Lake St. Francis/Marked Tree high ([Guccione, M.J., VanArsdale, R.B., 1995. Origin and age of the St. Francis Sunklands using drainage patterns and sedimentology. Final report submitted to the U. S. Geological Survey, Award Number 1434-93-G-2354, Washington D.C.]), both along the subsurface Blytheville arch. Deformation at each of the fault segments does not occur during each earthquake event, indicating that earthquake sources have varied throughout the Holocene.     

Book reviews

Books review in this article:
Recognition of Fluvial Depositional Systems and their Resource Potential—SEPM Short Course No 19, by R. M. Flores, F. G. Ethridge, A. D. Miall, W. E. Galloway & T. D. Fouch
Sedimentology of Gravels and Conglomerates, ed. by Emlyn H. Koster & Ron J. Steel
Quaternary Geology and Environment in China, ed. by Liu Tung-sheng et al., China Ocean Press
Coastal and Estuarine Sediment Dynamics, by Keith R. Dyer
Review of Jurassic sedimentary evolution and nappe emplacement in the Argolis Peninsula (Peloponnesus, Greece), by Peter O. Baumgartner
An Introduction to Carbonate Sediments and Rocks, by Terence P. Scoffin
Roles of Organic Matter in Sediment Diagenesis, ed. by D. L. Gautier
Deep Ocean Sediment Transport, ed. by A. R. M. Nowell and C. D. Hollister     

A practical guide to the study of glacial sediments

Evans, D. J. A. & Benn, D. I. (eds.) 2004: A Practical Guide to the Study of Glacial Sediments . Edward Arnold, London, 266 pp. ISBN 0–340–75959–3 (pb). GBP 19.99.     

Books

Book reviewed in this article:
Causes of Evolution: A Paleontological Perspective by R. M. Ross and W. D. Allmon (eds).
Geology of Construction Materials by J. E. Prentice. Chapman & Hall, 1990.
Dinosaur Systematics: Approaches and Perspectives by Kenneth Carpenter and Philip J. Currie (eds).
An Introduction to Seismological Research: History and Development by Benjamin F. Howell.
Geological Maps: An Introduction by Alex Malman.     

Under stress permeability determination of the Meuse/Haute-Marne mudstone

In the underground waste isolation projects such as the ANDRA'one in the site of Bure, the transport properties of the surrounding rock mass is of fundamental importance. To measure very low permeability, we use the modified version of the pulse test proposed by Hsieh et al. [Hsieh, P.A., Tracy, J.V., Neuzil, C.E., Bredehoeft, J.D., Silliman, S.E., 1981. A transient laboratory method for determining the hydraulic properties of ‘tight’ rocks — I. Theory. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. Vol. 18, pp. 245-252] which enables the intrinsic permeability, k, and the specific storage coefficient, S_s, of rocks such as mudstone to be characterized. In this paper, the special effort performed on the laboratory apparatus design, to ensure a good sensitivity of the rock response with respect to both parameters, k and S_s, is presented. In addition, two parameters identification procedures are proposed: the graphical method given by Hsieh et al. [Hsieh, P.A., Tracy, J.V., Neuzil, C.E., Bredehoeft, J.D., Silliman, S.E., 1981. A transient laboratory method for determining the hydraulic properties of ‘tight’ rocks — I. Theory. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. Vol. 18, pp. 245-252] and a parameter identification based on the solution of an inverse problem. The efficiency of the apparatus design and the parameters identification procedures is then demonstrated though some pulse tests performed on the Meuse/Haute-Marne mudstone.     

Book reviews

Marine Geology, by James Kennett
Stach's Textbook of Coal Petrology, by E. Stach, M. Th. Mackowsky, M. Teichmuller, G. H. Taylor, D. Chandra & R. Teichmuller.
Applied Geomorphology, ed. by R. G. Craig and J. L. Craft.     

Book reviews

Modern and Ancient Fluvial Systems, ed. by J. D. Collinson and J. Lewin.
Biomineralization and Biological Metal Accumulation, ed. by P. Westbroek and E. W. de Jong.
Quantitative Stratigraphic Correlation, ed. by J. M. Cubitt and R. A. Reyment.
Sandstone Depositional Environments, ed. by P. A. Scholle and D. Spearing
Paléoalterations dans le Crétacé Supérieur de Provence Rhodanienne, by J.-M. Triat     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this article
Volcanic Hazards: A Sourcebook on the Effects of Eruptions by R.J. Blong Academic Press, 1984.
Shorelines and Isostasy by D.E. Smith & A.G. Dawson.
Gemstones by Paul O'Neil. Time–Life Books, 1984.
Colorado and Wyoming: a geological field guidebook by John W. Perkins.     

Terrigenous input response to glacial/interglacial climatic variations over southern Baja California: a rock magnetic approach

The sediments deposited off south-western Baja California have recorded millennial-scale fluctuations in biogenic compounds and trace metals accumulation during the last glacial period [Ortiz, J.D., O’Connell, S.B., DelViscio, J., Dean, W.E., Carriquiry, J.D., Marchitto, T., Zheng, Y., van Geen, A., 2004. Enhanced marine productivity off western North America during warm climate intervals of the past 52 ky. Geology 32, 521–524; Dean, W.E., Zheng, Y., Ortiz, J.D., van Geen, A., 2006. Sediment Cd and Mo accumulation in the oxygen-minimum zone off western Baja California linked to global climate over the past 52 ka. Paleoceanography 21, PA4209]. Since the variations in trace metals concentration appear to result from dilution with nonbiogenic matter, the variability of the terrigenous sedimentation needs to be addressed. Therefore, we performed rock magnetic and geochemical analysis on a 38 m-long sediment core collected from the slope off Baja California. The temporal framework provided by ¹⁴C dating and identification of palaeoclimatic transitions allows assigning the sequence to the last glacial–interglacial cycle (last 120 ka). The comparison of magnetic and geochemical properties led to retain the hypothesis of a primary modulation of iron oxides quantity and quality by terrigenous input variations, with a secondary diagenetic amplification. Two magnetic mineral input regimes are distinguished: (i) magnetic susceptibility variations reveal changes in titano-magnetite concentration related to fluvial transport of the terrigenous fraction; (ii) coercivity changes allow detecting variations of hematite or goethite concentrations, minerals generally issued from aeolian deflation of weathered rock surfaces. These two regimes are paced by two distinct climatic forcing: the millennial-scale changes in titano-magnetite input are related to the northern hemisphere climatic variability whilst the record of wind-blown magnetic mineral input contains its major power in the precessional frequency band, with higher input during low insolation periods (and conversely). This record highlights the great sensibility of this region to high and low latitudes climatic regimes.     

Book reviews

Books review in this article:
Paleoalgology, Contemporary Research and Applications, ed. by D. F. Toomey and M. H. Nitecki
Geology of Sedimentary Phosphates, by M. Slansky
Fine-grained Deposits and Biofacies of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway: Evidence of Cyclic Sedimentary Processes, ed. L. M. Pratt, E. G. Kauffman and F. B. Zelt
Correlation of the Silurian Rocks of China, by Mu, E. Z., A. J. Boucot, Chen, X. & Rong, J. Y. (ed. by A. J. Boucot and W. B. N. Berry)
Canadian Inland Seas, ed. by I. P. Martini     

Microfossils from the Cambrian to the Recent

Books reviewed in this article:
Bate, R. H., Robinson. E. & Shcppard, L. M. (eds.) 1982: Fossil and Recent Ostracods.
Neale, J. W. & Brasicr, M. D. (cds.) 1981: Microfossils from Recent and Fossil Shelf Seas.     

Deep sea in situ excess pore pressure and sediment deformation off NW Sumatra and its relation with the December 26, 2004 Great Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake

The swath bathymetric data acquired during the “Sumatra Aftershocks” cruise from the Sunda trench in the Indian Ocean to the north of the Sumatra Island imaged several scars and deposits. In situ pore pressure measurements using the Ifremer piezometer and coring demonstrate that high excess pore pressure and sediment deformation was generated by a recent event in the scar of the slope failure zone identified by J.T. Henstock and co-authors. This excess pore pressure is localized in the upper sedimentary layers and is not related to an interplate subduction process. Numerical simulations of the hydrological system that take into account the hydro-mechanical properties of the upper sediment layer show that the excess pore pressure and sediment deformations could be generated at the time of the December 26, 2004 Great Sumatra Earthquake. The Sumatra Aftershocks team: J.-C. Sibuet, S. Singh, R. Apprioual, N.C. Aryanto, J. Begot, A. Cattaneo, A.P.S. Chauchan, R. Creach, J. Crozon, A. Domzig, N. Falleau, D. Graindorge, F. Harmegnies, Y. Haryadi, F. Klingelhoffer, S.K. Kolluru, J.-Y. Landuré, C. Le Lann, J. Malod, A. Normand, G. Oggian, C. Rangin, D. Restunin Galih, J.-L. Schneider, N. Sultan, M. Taufik, M. Umber and H. Yamaguchi.