低碳合金钢高温防氧化涂料的制备与性能

以海洋用钢轧制时的氧化为研究对象,用料浆法制得了以碳化硅和二氧化硅为主要成分的高温抗氧化涂料.采用X射线衍射和电子探针能谱等测试方法,研究了涂层保护钢样在1 300℃下氧化增重、氧化产物、截面形貌以及元素分布的特征.结果表明,该涂料对低碳合金钢具有良好的高温防护功能,防氧化效果达91.7%,且成本低廉,使用简便,具有广阔的应用前景.     

影响混凝土路面抗折强度的原因分析

笔者在农村公路检测中发现,多数混凝土路面抗折强度达不到4．0MPa设计标准。本文从原材料、掺合料、外加剂及配合比设计等方面,综合分析探讨了道路混凝土抗折强度的影响因素,并在原材料的选用和配合比设计上,为配制道路混凝土提供了参考。     

抗高温油井水泥降失水剂的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酸（AA）、N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺（DMAA）、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）、丙烯酰胺（AM）、对苯乙烯磺酸钠（SSS）等为原料合成油井水泥降失水剂,并对该新型油井水泥降失水剂配置的水泥浆综合性能进行室内试验评价。结果表明水泥浆中加入该降失水剂可以控制API滤失量在50 mL以内,抗温达180 ℃。降失水剂使水泥浆的抗析水能力增强,稠化时间略有延长;抗盐能力达到36%。值得进一步推广应用。     

新型抗高温二次交联凝胶堵漏材料的研制

针对普通凝胶抗温能力较差难以适用于高温地层堵漏作业的问题,通过设计合成抗高温凝胶主剂GN-1并运用二次交联技术,研发了新型抗高温凝胶堵漏材料。优选配方为：淡水+1.5%GN-1+0.15%地面交联剂+1%井下交联剂+0.2%抗氧化剂。通过热滚老化与高温流变测试相结合的手段对凝胶抗温能力进行评价。结果表明,该凝胶材料具有良好的热稳定性,在180 ℃下老化24 h后,7.34 s-1下剪切粘度＞10000 mPa?s。大幅加重后180 ℃老化24 h仍能保持较好的粘弹性。此外还考察了不同温度和pH值下的成胶性能以及与聚磺钻井液体系的配伍性,为抗高温凝胶堵漏材料在现场的应用奠定基础。     

High-temperature study and thermal expansion of phlogopite

 Unit-cell dimensions of a natural phlogopite from Pargas, Finland, have been determined in the temperature interval of 27–1050 °C by X-ray powder diffraction technique. Expansion rates vary discontinuously with temperature with a break at 412 °C. Below this temperature, the linear expansions (α) for a, b and c axis lengths are 3.74 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹, 1.09 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹, and 1.19 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹, respectively, and above that they are 0.86 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹, 0.80 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹, and 1.93 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹. The volume thermal expansion coefficients are 6.26 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹ and 3.71 × 10⁻⁵ K⁻¹ for low-temperature and high-temperature intervals, respectively. The observed kink in the rate of thermal expansions with temperature could be due to the different mode of structural changes. Thermogravimetric analysis of the sample indicates the oxidation of iron in the temperature range of 500–600 °C and dehydroxylation as well as decomposition of phlogopite in the temperature range of 900–1200 °C. Received: 8 September 1998 / Accepted: 28 February 2000     

High-temperature phase transitions and elasticity of silica polymorphs

The single-crystal acoustic velocities of α- and β-quartz were measured by Brillouin spectroscopy to a maximum temperature >1,500°C at room pressure. From these velocities, the single-crystal elastic moduli were calculated up to 1,050°C, exceeding the temperature range of previous measurements by 350°C for the elastic moduli and by 710°C for acoustic velocities. The ordinary refractive index (n _o) of α- and β-quartz was measured from room temperature to 800°C. In the temperature interval from ∼950 to 1,000°C a subtle change in the temperature derivative of the longitudinal acoustic velocity was observed in platelet geometry for all measured directions. The high-temperature acoustic velocity data may indicate the presence of a second phase, presumably β-cristobalite, that nucleates below 1,000°C.

乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定水性涂料中甲醛及测量不确定度评估

对用于测定内墙涂料中有害物质甲醛的乙酰丙酮分光光度法进行了详细研究。实验结果表明,乙酰丙酮分光光度法工作曲线有良好的稳定性。工作曲线斜率的相对标准偏差为0．74％。为达到定量分析目的,样品蒸馏时,加入水的体积应不低于200mL,涂料样品残留量应小于5mL。样品蒸馏液中甲醛应在当天测定。涂料样品中高含量甲醛的回收率平均值为98．5％,低含量甲醛的回收率平均值为87．9％。对乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定水性涂料中甲醛含量的不确定度进行了评估。     

Fluid Inclusions in Surface‐temperature Halite: Sample Preparation and Application

Paleo-temperature and paleo-environment can be interpreted from measuring homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions within halite. In order to conduct such measurements, vapor bubbles within low-temperature fluid inclusion often need to be created through cooling process by using cooling stage or freezer. Proper cooling is critical for interpreting measured temperature data. We tested two common cooling methods, using heating/freezing stage and freezer, for studying fluid inclusions in halite precipitated in laboratory at conrtolled temperature of 25℃. While using the heating/freezing stage, halite samples were kept at-18℃ for 40–50 min; whereas for freezer, samples were stored at-18℃ for 1, 10, 20 and 40 days, respectively. By comparing the homogenization temperatures of the two cooling processes, we explored the detailed experimental processes and developed an optimal cooling nucleation procedure for homogenization temperature analyses of fluid inclusions within surface-temperature halite. The results show that the maximum homogenization temperatures from both methods approximate the actual brine temperature of 25℃. However, extended refrigeration time has noticeable influence on the results. The refrigeration time of the experiment can be shortened to meet requirements.     

地下水中无机多元素测定监控样的制备与应用

根据中国地质调查局正在组织开展全国性1:50000～1:250000地下水污染调查评价工作中对重点区要求必测的无机元素项目要求,用天然基体的地下水制备地下水无机多元素测定监控样。采集的地下水经初步分析后,进行有关组分的添加处理,制备需要研制的实验室监控样品。通过均匀性和稳定性检验,判定监控样的均匀性良好,在监测期间内性质稳定。探讨了该监控样在地下水无机元素测定质量监控工作中可以用于校准仪器、评价测量方法的准确度和用作分析质量保证。     

Stability of dense hydrous magnesium silicate phases in the systems Mg2SiO4-H2O and MgSiO3-H2O at pressures up to 27 GPa

We conducted high-pressure phase equilibrium experiments in the systems MgSiO₃ with 15 wt% H₂O and Mg₂SiO₄ with 5 wt% and 11 wt% H₂O at 20 ∼ 27 GPa. Based on the phase relations in these systems, together with the previous works on the related systems, we have clarified the stability relations of dense hydrous magnesium silicates in the system MgO-SiO₂-H₂O in the pressure range from 10 to 27 GPa. The results show that the stability field of phase G, which is identical to phase D and phase F, expands with increasing water contents. Water stored in serpentine in the descending cold slabs is transported into depths greater than 200 km, where serpentine decomposes to a mixture of phase A, enstatite, and fluid. Reaction sequences of the hydrous phases which appear at higher pressures vary with water content. In the slabs with a water content less than about 2 wt%, phase A carries water to a depth of 450 km. Hydrous wadsleyite, hydrous ringwoodite, and ilmenite are the main water reservoirs in the transition zone from 450 to 660 km. Superhydrous phase B is the water reservoir in the uppermost part of the lower mantle from 670 to 800 km, whereas phase G appears in the lower mantle only at depths greater than 800 km. In cold slabs with local water enrichment greater than 2 wt%, the following hydrous phases appear with increasing depths; phase A to 450 km, phase A and phase G from 450 km to 550 km, brucite, superhydrous phase B, and phase G from 550 km to 800 km, and phase G at depths greater than 800 km. Received: 4 August 1999 / Accepted: 1 March 2000     

预应力锚索在滑坡治理中的设计与施工

本文全面论述了预应力锚索与抗滑桩和锚锭板相结合,在滑坡治理中的受力分析、抗滑原理、设计方法、锚索施工工艺,然后介绍了这两种抗滑结构在某滑坡治理中的实际应用实例的设计和状况;最后提出了预应力锚索在应用中有待进一步研究和完善的一些问题。     

长剖面高密度电法技术在浅部矿产地质调查中的应用

将高密度电法技术引入到新疆磁海地区某铜多金属矿点详查工作中,应用长剖面测量技术,获取长测线的高分辨率数据。通过对不同数据质量的测量电阻率的反演RMS值进行研究,验证子剖面连接法的可行性;对长剖面数据进行连接的具体流程进行规范化,为实际工作提供重要指引。实践表明,该方法能区分矿区0~180m深度范围内与成矿有密切关系的下寒武统双鹰山组的电性结构特征,进而指导地表探矿工程的开展,达到浅部间接找矿目的。     

麦盖提区块钻井关键技术研究及应用

塔里木盆地麦盖提地区异常地应力发育、古近系盐膏层易蠕变挤毁套管、二叠系火山岩钻井速度慢、古生界地层岩性复杂钻头选型难、三开井眼井壁稳定性差、奥陶系裂缝性地层涌漏风险高,为此开展了断裂带异常地应力分布规律、井身结构优化、高效破岩工具研制、刀翼式孕镶钻头研发、井壁稳定高效钻井液、欠平衡钻井等关键技术研究,提出了非常规井身结构优化设计系列,研制了高效破岩工具和刀翼式孕镶金刚石钻头,研发了高效抑制性防塌钻井液体系。在此基础上形成了钻井提速配套技术系列,完钻井平均机械钻速提高17.89%,钻井周期缩短34.55%。