大开发与西藏的地质环境保护

西藏是青藏高原的主体部分，特殊的地理位置和自然条件，塑造出西藏特殊的地质环境，西藏地质灾害分布广泛，类型较多，危害甚大，是全国地质灾害最严重的地区之一，主要地质灾害类型有泥石流，崩塌、滑坡，土地沙漠化，水土流失，冻胀融沉，盐碱化，碎石流，冰湖溃决，地震等，西藏高原分布有非常丰富的地质遗迹，其中地质地貌景观和现代冰川可谓全国之冠，西藏区内已知有各类地热显示区600多处，天然饮用矿泉水在西藏也广有分布，西藏的生态环境具有多样性，复杂性和脆弱性的特点，目前在总体上呈衰退趋势，成为我国生态环境极为脆弱，对外界干扰十分敏感的典型地区，为此，本文提出了西藏地质环境保护的对策和建议。     

重磁数据处理系统设计

作者在文中采用Windows开发平台的面向对象程序设计语言Visual C^ ，设计开发了可视化和高度集成化的重套数据处理系统，系统包括预处理，小波分析，频谱分析，正演，反演，输入，输出，图形显示，帮助等九个模块，系统能够充分利用用户微机资源，特别是不受内存的限制，适用于重磁处理大面积，高密度数据的需要，系统提供给用户良好的图形用户界面和友好的应用环境，方便用户操作，使用；同时系统具有良好的可移植性和兼容性能，不受操作系统的限制，实例说明系统具有实用性强，快速，高效，高精度等特点。     

烧锅营子金矿黄铁矿的化学成分标型特征

烧锅营子金矿床的黄铁矿形成于早，中，晚３期，是主要的矿石矿物和载金矿物，其中以中期黄铁矿为最主要的载金者。黄铁矿的化学成分为；ＴＦｅ４３．３４％－４５．５２％，Ｓ４６．５８％－４８．８６％，，与标准黄铁矿相比显示亏铁，亏硫特点，黄铁矿为含丰富的微量元素，有Ａｕ，Ａｇ，Ａｓ，Ｓｂ，Ｂｉ，Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ，Ｐｂ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｗ，Ｍｏ，Ｓｅ等。其中Ａｕ，Ａｇ，Ｃｕ，Ｐｂ，Ｚｎ，Ｂｉ含量较高，而Ａｓ，Ｓｂ低，Ｓ     

淮北矿区煤层气开采地质条件及开采方式的分析

淮北煤田属石炭二叠纪煤田，地质构造中等，煤系地层厚１２００ｍ，含煤层数多，煤层总厚度大，煤为气，肥煤，煤层气含量高，特别是宿县与临焕矿区最高，煤层气资源丰富，具备开发所需的地质条件，为华东煤地层气大规模开发的理想选区，宿东，宿南，南坪三个向斜为矿区煤层气开采的有利地块，它分布集中，地形平坦，靠近城市，市场广阔，具备统一规划，分步实施的有利条件。     

香港地区地层的研究进程及划分对比

香港地区的地层研究，从１９２０年Ｈｅａｎｌｅｙ首次发现早侏罗世里亚斯斯菊石而揭开序幕，随着丰富的腕足，珊瑚，廷类，双壳类，介形虫，叶肢介，鱼类，昆虫，植物和孢粉等化石的陆续发现，证明了在香港地区存在泥盆系，石炭系，二叠系，侏罗系，白垩系，第三系和第四系，从而逐步地个性了香港地区的地 展历史，也促进了地层研究的深入发展。     

北京城市暴雨和雨型的研究

暴雨是北京洪水的主要成因，同时也是水资源补给的重要来源。本文编制了北京的五塔寺站（下称北京站）Ｔ＝５，１０，１５，２０，３０，４５，６０，９０，１２０ｍｉｎ及３，６，１２，２４ｈ等１３个时段，Ｎ＝２００，１００，５０，２０，１０，５，２等７个不同重视现期的设计暴雨公式。同时，以１０ｍｉｎ，１和２ｈ为单位时段，统计分析出１２０ｍｉｎ，１２和２４ｈ的设计雨型。本成果能满足北京城近效区水利工程，地下雨洪     

史料考证与找矿(之一)：金矿

云南属于矿产资源大省，矿业开发历史悠入，可追溯到公元前十二世纪的商代，至今已有3000多年，积累了非常丰富的经验和资料，现代科学技术极大地促进地质勘查和矿业开发的发展，但由于云南地质构造复杂，山高谷深，人烟稀少，不乏存在找矿盲区，因此，在使用高新科技手段勘查找矿的同时，“以史为证，以史为鉴”，挖掘历史记载中有用的矿业信息，仍不失为发展矿业，特别是发展地方矿业的途径。本刊将陆续发表薛步高多年来搜集，积累，考证的找矿史料，以期以新一代矿业开发提供信息，发挥作用。     

2009年，“地理”栏目只做一件事

这一年，除了2月，9月和12月，因为特殊事情而中断外，其他的9个月，我们都致力于湖南省地质公园的了解与宣传，红石林，白龙洞，飞天山，凤凰，乌龙山等等，随着我们的笔底波澜，带给大家不一样的视觉享受。     

渤海湾赵家堡滩海地区含油远景及勘控开发工程方法选择探讨

赵家堡滩海区，油源丰富，储油层发育良好，众多的背斜，断鼻，断块和古潜山等圈闭构造组合在一起形成多含油层系，多油气藏类型的复合型油气田，海滩区多鱼虾养殖区，极浅海域无航道，海床宽平，为颗粒小的泥砂及有机物沉积而成，回淤严重，地表承载力低，多风，潮高浪大，冬季冰情严重，针对上述复杂情况，地震勘探需采用多种震源的陆地地震，浅海地震和两栖地震设备，钻探分别采用大斜度定向井，修堤，人工岛，组合钻井船，挖河加     

贵州广顺二叠系化学地层的划分及沉积环境分析

本文以贵州省广顺二叠纪坝子头－茶叶剖面作了基准剖面，通过野外观察和室内岩相分析，根据岩石的成岩作用，颜色，微相特征及岩层的厚度和叠置关系，进行了层序的划分。在此基础上，以该剖面５９个岩层的１７个微量元素（Ａｓ，Ｂ，Ｂａ，Ｃｏ，Ｃｒ，Ｃｕ，Ｇａ，Ｍｎ，Ｍｏ，Ｎｉ，Ｐｂ，Ｓｎ，Ｓｒ，Ｔｉ，Ｖ，Ｚｎ和Ｚｒ）为变量，用因子分析和群分析进行了化学地层单元的划分，通过化学地层和层序地层划分结果的对比，结合化学     

高温高压实验研究在地学领域的新进展

阐述了静态高温高压实验研究在地学各方面的新进展、新动向、新仪器、新观点和新资料。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987111000909

We have performed measurements of minerals based on the synchrotron source for single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction,inelastic scattering,spectroscopy and radiography by using diamond anvil cells.We investigated the properties of iron（Fe）,iron-magnesium oxides（Fe,Mg）O, silica（SiO₂）,iron-magnesium silicates（Fe,Mg）SiO₃ under simulated high pressure-high temperature extreme conditions of the Earth’s crust,upper mantle,low mantle,core-mantle boundary,outer core, and inner core.The results provide a new window on the investigation of the mineral properties at Earth’s conditions.     

Raman spectroscopic study of K-lingunite at various pressures and temperatures

K-lingunite is a high-pressure modification of K-feldspar that possesses the tetragonal hollandite structure. Variations of the Raman spectra of K-lingunite were studied up to ~31.5 GPa at room temperature, and in the range 79–823 K at atmospheric pressure. The Raman frequencies of all bands were observed to increase with increasing pressure, and decrease with increasing temperature for K-lingunite. This behavior is in line with those observed for most of other materials. New sharp Raman bands appear at pressures greater than 13–15 GPa, suggesting a phase transition in K-lingunite with increasing pressure. The transition is reversible when pressure was released. The appearance of these new Raman bands may correspond to the phase transition revealed earlier at around 20 GPa by X-ray diffraction studies. Instead of transforming back to its stable minerals, such as orthoclase, microcline or sanidine, K-lingunite became amorphous in the temperature range 803–823 K at atmospheric pressure.     

X-ray diffraction studies of millerite NiS under non-ambient conditions

The high-pressure behaviour of millerite NiS up to 34.7 GPa was studied using single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Under ambient pressure, 8.3, 19.2 and 26.8 GPa crystal-structure determinations were performed. No phase transition was observed and the fit of the Birch-Murnaghan equation of state gave a bulk modulus K=111(1) GPa and a pressure derivative K=5.0(1) at high pressure and room temperature. The high-temperature modification of NiS belongs to the NiAs type and has the smaller volume per formula unit. High-pressure–high-temperature X-ray diffraction studies on NiS powder indicate that the transition temperature is strongly dependent on pressure. Owing to the higher compressibility of millerite compared with that of the high-temperature phase, it is assumed that the NiAs-type is not the stable phase at high pressures.     

Stability of dense hydrous magnesium silicate phases in the systems Mg2SiO4-H2O and MgSiO3-H2O at pressures up to 27 GPa

We conducted high-pressure phase equilibrium experiments in the systems MgSiO₃ with 15 wt% H₂O and Mg₂SiO₄ with 5 wt% and 11 wt% H₂O at 20 ∼ 27 GPa. Based on the phase relations in these systems, together with the previous works on the related systems, we have clarified the stability relations of dense hydrous magnesium silicates in the system MgO-SiO₂-H₂O in the pressure range from 10 to 27 GPa. The results show that the stability field of phase G, which is identical to phase D and phase F, expands with increasing water contents. Water stored in serpentine in the descending cold slabs is transported into depths greater than 200 km, where serpentine decomposes to a mixture of phase A, enstatite, and fluid. Reaction sequences of the hydrous phases which appear at higher pressures vary with water content. In the slabs with a water content less than about 2 wt%, phase A carries water to a depth of 450 km. Hydrous wadsleyite, hydrous ringwoodite, and ilmenite are the main water reservoirs in the transition zone from 450 to 660 km. Superhydrous phase B is the water reservoir in the uppermost part of the lower mantle from 670 to 800 km, whereas phase G appears in the lower mantle only at depths greater than 800 km. In cold slabs with local water enrichment greater than 2 wt%, the following hydrous phases appear with increasing depths; phase A to 450 km, phase A and phase G from 450 km to 550 km, brucite, superhydrous phase B, and phase G from 550 km to 800 km, and phase G at depths greater than 800 km. Received: 4 August 1999 / Accepted: 1 March 2000     

A waveguide-based flexible CO2-laser heating system for diamond-anvil cell applications

Fiber-based laser heating systems offer high flexibility and are increasingly used in high-pressure/high-temperature research. Previous fiber-based laser heating systems were based on lasers delivering radiation with 1-μm wavelength that show unfavorable heating characteristics for many sample materials. We report on the development and first experiments of a waveguide (fiber)-based CO₂-laser heating system that can be used in a flexible manner for high-temperature research and for high-pressure/temperature experiments when combined with diamond-anvil cells. The waveguide-based CO₂-laser heating system allows convenient heating of optically transparent samples without the need for adding an additional laser absorber. In a pilot experiment, the flexible heating system has been installed on a Brillouin scattering system to measure high-temperature sound-wave velocities in single-crystal MgO. The waveguide-based CO₂-laser heating system offers perspectives for a variety of scientific applications, most importantly those that require the use of synchrotron facilities where space is limited and flexible solutions are required.     

Double carbonate breakdown reactions at high pressures: an experimental study in the system CaO–MgO–FeO–MnO–CO2

The pressure–temperature conditions of the reactions of the double carbonates CaM(CO₃)₂, where M = Mg (dolomite), Fe (ankerite) and Mn (kutnohorite), to MCO₃ plus CaCO₃ (aragonite) have been investigated at 5–8 GPa, 600–1,100°C, using multi-anvil apparatus. The reaction dolomite = magnesite + aragonite is in good agreement with the results of Sato and Katsura (Earth Planet Sci 184:529–534, 2001), but in poor agreement with the results of Luth (Contrib Mineral Petrol 141:222–232, 2001). The dolomite is partially disordered at 620°C, and fully disordered at 1,100°C. All ankerite and kutnohorite samples, including the synthetic starting materials, are disordered. The P–T slopes of the three reactions increase in the order M = Mg, Fe, Mn. The shallower slope for the reaction involving magnesite is due partly to its having a higher compressibility than expected from unit-cell volume considerations. At low pressures there is a preference for partitioning into the double carbonate of Mg > Fe > Mn. At high pressures the partitioning preference is reversed. Using the measured reaction positions, the P–T conditions at which dolomite solid solutions will break down on increasing P and T in subduction zones can be estimated.     

层序地层学研究及隐蔽油气藏预测--以南阳凹陷古近系为例

高精度层序地层学已被证明是寻找隐蔽圈闭行之有效的理论方法．运用该理论对南阳凹陷进行了研究，对地震剖面中反射界面的追踪，在古近系中识别出了各级别的层序界面，结合周缘露头、钻井、测井等资料，分析了主要目的层序内体系域的构成及高频单元变化规律，建立了层序地层模式，在此基础上预测南部陡崖式断坡带和北部缓坡式弯折带是低位域砂体和隐蔽岩性油气藏形成的有利区带．     

High pressure deformation in two-phase aggregates

We investigate the rheological behavior of multi-phase aggregates at high pressure and high temperature. Using synchrotron X-ray radiation as the probing tool, we are able to quantify the stress state of individual phases within the aggregates. This method provides fundamental information in interpreting the behavior of two phase/multi-phase mixtures, which contribute to our understanding of the deformation process at deep earth conditions. We choose MgAl₂O₄ spinel and MgO periclase as our model materials. Mixtures of various volume proportions were deformed in a multi-anvil high pressure deformation apparatus at pressure of 5 GPa and elevated temperatures. Stress is determined from X-ray diffraction, providing a measure of stress in each individual phase of the mixture in situ during the deformation. Macroscopic strain is determined from X-ray imaging. We compare the steady state strength of various mixtures at 1000 °C and 800 °C and at the strain rate in the range of 1.8 to 8.8 × 10^− 5 s^− 1. Our data indicate that the weak phase (MgO) is responsible for most of the accumulated strains while the strong phase (spinel) is supporting most of the stress when the volume proportion is 75% spinel and 25% MgO. The intermediate compositions (40/60) are much weaker than either of the end members, while the grain sizes for the intermediate compositions (submicrons) are much smaller than the end members (5–10 μm). We conclude that a change in flow mechanism resulting from these smaller grains is responsible for the low strength of the intermediate composition mixtures. This study demonstrates an approach of using synchrotron X-rays to study the deformation behaviors of multi-phase aggregates at high pressure and high temperature.     

高效液相色谱法测定贵州铜仁地区优质矿泉水中16种多环芳烃

本文使用高效液相色谱仪对贵州铜仁地区优质矿泉水中16种多环芳烃进行分析测试,研究了测定优质矿泉水中多环芳烃的方法,并进行了方法验证和实际样品测试,对仪器柱温箱温度和萃取溶剂种类等条件进行优化,选出最适条件。建立的检测方法线性关系良好(R2均大于0. 999 0),检出限为0. 002 6 0. 009 8μg/L,16种多环芳烃的回收率为73. 87%116. 16%,替代物十氟联苯的回收率为70. 17%85. 61%,方法精密度(RSD)为0. 85%16. 77%。方法前处理过程简单,有利于实际样品快速分析,在贵州铜仁地区优质矿泉水资源调查项目中发挥重要作用。