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《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1996,16(4):54-54,62,70
第二代地质学若干问题的探讨ONSEVERALPOINTSOFTHESECONDERAGEOLOGY第二代地质学是在传统的地质学基础上发展起来的新一代地质学。过去有传统地质学,将来还会有第三代、第四代地质学。传统的物质观认为,只有固态和液态的物质才算是... 相似文献
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DSDP与ODP的深入研究,发展了微量元素和稳定同位素地球化学。全球变化、大规模构造隆起和海底扩张等在微量元素和稳定同位素演化上的反映,使微量元素及稳定同位素地球化学成为地层划分对比的重要手段。 相似文献
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ODP与冲绳海槽海底热水活动研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
本文简要介绍了ODP与海底热水活动研究,冲绳海槽中部现代海底热水活动区热水活动研究简况及其热水活动特征;就冲绳海槽中部热水活动研究中存在的问题与ODP在冲绳海槽热水区钻探的科学目标进行了讨论。 相似文献
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1ODP的发展历史ODP是原深海钻探计划(DSDP)的接续项目。GlomarChallenger号钻探船1983年退役之后,海洋科学家们为了能够在更深的海域作业并获取更深的样品,所以于1985年1月进行了首次试验性作业(Rabi-nowitz等,1985)后,在世界范围内具有重要地质意义的海区每两个月进行一个航次的海洋钻探。2ODP的组织系统总部设在美国德克萨斯州农工大学(TexasA&M)的ODP是一个国际联合科学研究组织,称为:深地层采样联合海洋研究机构,简称:JOIDES(JointOce… 相似文献
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海洋沉积粘土矿物与古气候、古环境演化响应的研究进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
海洋沉积物记录了海洋物理和化学过程以及全球气候和环境变化历史的信息。近年来的研究表明 ,占沉积物组分一定比例的粘土矿物组合的变化与长期气候演变存在一定的关系 ,粘土周期性沉积响应与地球轨道驱动因子作用有关 ,陆源粘土通量既受大陆冰盖厚度和海平面变化以及环流强度的控制 ,同时又受源区物理、化学风化程度的影响。因此 ,粘土矿物组合的变化反映了源区气候冷、暖周期性旋回 ,记录了搬运、再沉积和环境演化的重要信息 ,为古环境再造、古季风变迁以及海陆对比提供了有力证据 ,同时也为洋盆及其边缘海形成、地球演化及重建中生代以来… 相似文献
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东秦岭早古生代古海洋研究 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
本文在岩石地层,古生物,沉积地球化学,流体包裹体研究的基础上,运用古地磁学与构造地质学原理与方法对东秦岭早古生代古海洋的构造演化及其构造古地理格局进行了系统的,定量化研究,从不同的角度论述了古秦岭海的发展与演化。 相似文献
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因为北太平洋对北美洲西部的气候有强烈影响 ,所以研究加利福尼亚边缘的大陆和海洋常见地层有重要的科学意义。没有高分辨率的常见区域地层 ,就很难描述从全球冰量影响中分辨出的北太平洋区域影响的重要性。直到ODP167航次 ,开发这种地层才被缺乏恰当的更新世海洋沉积物所限制。ODP167航次中高沉积速率剖面的连续恢复使运用海洋氧同位素地层学定标陆源层序成为可能。对ODP167航次的沉积物运用了各种技术将海洋和陆地两者联系起来 ,这些技术包括 :对ODP沉积物运用氧同位素地层学来定年回收火山灰层、经氧同位素校正的花… 相似文献
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大洋钻探与南海的形成 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
南海是太平洋西部边缘海之一。由于其特殊的大地构造位置和复杂的地 质结构,多年来其形成演化一直是地学界研究和争论的焦点。在南海开展大洋钻 探,不仅可以回答南海形成演化方面的一系列问题,而且对于研究边缘海的形成演 化过程和欧亚板块、印一澳板块、太平洋板块的相互作用与影响,以及全球构造运 动都有重要意义。 相似文献
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Terrestrial supply to marginal seas is a function of interaction between land and ocean in response to climate changes. Terrestrial flux in sediments, therefore, is potential not only to reflect the paleoceanographic evolution of sedimentary basin, but also to reveal the paleoclimatic changes in source regions. Sediments from the Okinawa Trough were quantitatively partitioned into terrestrial, volcanic and biogenitic end members using constrained leastsquares technique for geochemical compositional data. Combined with the density of bulk sediments and sedimentation rate, the terrestrial flux in sediments from the Okinawa Trough since the last 35 000 a was estimated. Based on surface seawater temperature (SST) and sea level changes over the past 35 000 a, the response of terrestrial flux to the climate changes was discussed. It is demonstrated that the terrestrial supply to the Okinawa Trough mainly derived from Chinese landmass via the Changjiang (Yangtze) River and controlled by sea level changes. During the postglaciation, the terrestrial flux was the lowest in response to the highest sea level stand. During the last glacial maximum (LGM), the terrestrial flux was not so high as previously expected, indicating the arid climatic condition in source region was responsible for lowering the Changjiang River’s runoff during that time. During the deglaciation, the terrestrial flux increased in response to a quick rising of the sea level, probably implicating occurrence of downslope transport. The four events characterized by slight increase in terrestrial flux exactly correspond to the LGM, Heinrich events (H1, H2, H3), respectively. 相似文献
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Burial of organic carbon in Holocene sediments of the Zhujiang (Pearl River) and Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuaries 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shouye Yang Min Tang Wyss W.-S. Yim Yongqiang Zong Guangqing Huang Adam D. Switzer Yoshiki Saito 《Marine Chemistry》2011,123(1-4):1-10
The East Asian marginal seas are important sinks of terrigenous materials transported by large rivers. In this study two cores from the Changjiang (Yangtze River) and Zhujiang (Pearl River) estuaries and one core from the inner shelf off of Hong Kong were investigated to examine the burial of organic matter during the postglacial period and its possible links with paleoenvironmental changes. Based on a simple two end-member mixing model, the terrestrial organic matter supplied primarily from the Zhujiang and Changjiang dominates the estuarine areas while marine organic matter contributes more to the inner-mid shelf. The competing contributions of terrestrial and marine organic matter are responsible for the downcore variations of organic elemental compositions. The overall decreasing shifts of total organic carbon concentrations and total organic carbon to total nitrogen ratios in the Zhujiang estuarine sediments since 6.5 kaBP seems to support the notion that depth profiles of organic matter compositions deposited in the Zhujiang Estuary can aid in the reconstruction of monsoon history in the Holocene. Nevertheless, organic matter compositions in the Changjiang Estuary and inner shelf off of southeastern Hong Kong respond in a different and more complex way to freshwater discharges or precipitation changes (monsoon variability) in the catchments, owing to complex controls of deposition and preservation of organic matter in these estuarine and shelf environments. Caution is therefore needed in using organic elemental and isotopic compositions to decipher paleoenvironmental changes in East Asian continental shelves where intense river–sea interactions occur and sedimentary environments change drastically. 相似文献
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理解增暖背景下海洋环境的演化过程是海洋学和气候学一项重要的研究内容。在地质时期,地球经历了多次增暖时段(包括早全新世),这为认识海洋环境演化过程提供了重要参考。早全新世全球气候经历了快速增暖,并伴随着冰原融化和海平面快速上升,对包括白令海在内的高纬边缘海的沉积过程和海洋环境产生显著影响。白令海发育宽阔的大陆架,毗邻北美大陆,接受来自育空河、阿纳德尔河和库斯科维姆河物质的供给。目前我们对白令海如何响应早全新世气候的认识还存在明显不足。本研究对位于白令海北部陆坡LV63-19-3岩心沉积物中陆源碎屑组份进行了高分辨率调查,结合沉积年龄模型,研究了早中全新世(距今11.7~5.5 ka)白令海北部陆坡陆源沉积演化过程。研究结果显示,在距今11.5~11 ka,白令海北部陆坡沉积速率高达392.9 cm/ka,在距今约9.7 ka以后降至17.2 cm/ka。在距今11~10.7 ka,发现一层厚约40 cm的暗色纹层状沉积层。在高沉积速率时段,沉积物平均粒径较细,距今9 ka以来平均粒径逐渐增大。主微量元素分析结果表明,陆源碎屑沉积物母岩性质以长英质沉积物为主,并存在少量火山碎屑源贡献。白令海北部陆坡高沉积速率事件对应于冰原融水脉冲(MWP)-1B事件(距今11.4~11.1 ka),并导致白令海陆坡硅质生产力勃发。在距今11~10.7 ka研究区春夏季海冰覆盖增加抑制表层水体氧供给,夏、秋季持续冰川融水和高表层生产力进一步加剧了水体层化和海洋内部消耗,共同促进了纹层状沉积层的形成。距今9 ka以来白令海季节性海冰活动增强,但是陆源碎屑物质质量累积速率则逐渐减小,表明随着海平面上升,供给到研究区的陆源物质减少。我们认为早全新世白令海北部陆坡沉积环境快速变化是海平面、冰融水脉冲事件和季节性海冰活动共同作用的结果,实际上受高纬日射量、北美大陆冰原融化和全球气候变化控制。 相似文献
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运用扫描电镜研究渤海南部碎屑石英颗粒表面微结构,并根据各种形痕的组合特征,判断沉积物所处的沉积环境,定性分析控制沉积环境的主要因素。 相似文献
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国际大洋钻探计划自1983年以来,已成功地实施了66个航次的深海钻探作业,获取钻探岩芯逾100000m。在关于大陆边缘的构造演化,海洋地壳的形成与发展,地壳流体循环和壳幔相互作用海洋沉积结构和古海洋学,地球大气圈、水圈、冰圈、生物圈的长期变化等众多研究领域取得了一系列重大科研成果。 相似文献
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Tectonics, global changes in sea level and their relationship to stratigraphical sequences at the US Atlantic continental margin 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The principal factors that control the extent of seas through geological time are vertical movements of the lithosphere and global changes in sea level. The relative height of the sea surface determines the facies and the thickness of sediments that can accumulate in a sedimentary basin. Backstripping studies show that the primary factors affecting the subsidence of rifted sedimentary basins are thermal contraction, following heating and thinning of the lithosphere at the time of rifting, and sedimentary loading. Factors such as compaction, palaeobathymetry, erosion and global sea level changes also contribute, but their combined affects are small compared to those of thermal contraction and sedimentary loading. Simple models have been constructed which combine the effects of sedimentary loading and thermal contraction with those of compaction, sub-aerial erosion and global changes in sea level. In the models it was assumed that the lithosphere was heated and thinned by stretching at the time of rifting, sedimentary loading occurs by flexure of a lithosphere that progressively increases its flexural rigidity with age following rifting and, that sediment compaction and bathymetry change across a basin but do not vary significantly with gwological time. Furthermore, different assumptions were made on the magnitude of curves of global sea level changes and the relationship between denudation rate and regional elevation. The models show that tectonics, in the form of thermal contraction of the lithosphere and flexure and slowly varying global changes in sea level, can explain a number of the stratigraphic features of the US Atlantic continental margin. In this Paper some of the implications of these results are examined for studies of (a) sea level changes through geological time; and (b) the maturation history of continental margin basins. 相似文献
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我国海洋环境地质 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
我国海洋地质环境研究始于20世纪50至60年代,80至90年代是我国海洋环境地质学形成和快速发展时期。灾害地质是海洋环境地质研究的先行领域,全球变化研究也取得长足进展。全球变化、区域海洋环境地质调查、滨海城市地质、沿海地下水环境、海洋灾害地质、海底不稳定性、滨海湿地、人类活动对海洋地质环境影响等,都是今后我国海洋环境地质研究的重要方向。我国海岸带地质环境,具有构造活动性强、入海泥沙大、多风暴潮、人工环境非常突出等特征。海岸带基本环境问题包括地质资源利用、人为工程环境、流域环境变化、海平面上升等对海岸带环境影响4个方面。黄河、长江、珠江三大三角洲,除共性问题外,还存在各自独特的环境地质问题。海底不稳定性和灾害地质因素是目前近海环境地质学研究的主要课题,大抵可分为构造、斜坡、底型和结构4种不稳定性。中国近海有六大类约40种灾害地质因素。根据地质环境特征,中国近海可分为17个环境地质区。 相似文献
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南海是西太平洋最大的边缘海,对东亚季风和全球气候变化具有敏感的响应,然而目前对南海沉积物的物源分析仍存在众多争议。对南海琼东南盆地SCS-02孔的沉积物样品进行了系统的磁学分析,旨在通过环境磁学参数追踪沉积物的来源。结果表明,SCS-02岩芯的磁性矿物主要为磁铁矿和赤铁矿。自16 kaBP以来,磁性矿物的粒径和成分发生了系统变化,指示了沉积物源-汇过程的改变。15.5~16 kaBP期间,磁化率较高,粒径较粗,矫顽力也较高。海平面比现今低100多米,莺歌海出露于海平面以上,古红河口距研究区较近,红河的物质可以较容易到达沉积区,因此该时期红河贡献较大,珠江和台湾贡献较小。7.5~15.5 kaBP期间,随着海平面的迅速上升,磁性矿物组成和粒度发生了变化,总的磁性矿物含量减少,磁铁矿的含量逐渐增加,粒度变细,表明随着海平面的升高,珠江和台湾的贡献有所增加。7.5 kaBP以来,现代的海陆格局基本形成,磁性矿物组成和粒度变化较稳定,沉积物主要来源于红河和珠江。因此,环境磁学参数可以指示南海西北部沉积物的源-汇变化,为海平面变化和气候演化研究提供有效参考。 相似文献