新疆阿希金矿矿床地质和地球化学研究

阿希金矿是新疆西天山产出的一个大型浅成低温热液型金矿,赋矿围岩为晚泥盆世火山岩,矿体以石英脉型为主,其热液成矿期由以下4个阶段组成:玉髓状石英阶段(Ⅰ),黄铁矿-石英脉阶段(Ⅱ),白铁矿-碳酸盐-石英脉阶段(Ⅲ),重品石-碳酸盐脉阶段(Ⅳ),其中阶段Ⅱ和阶段Ⅲ是主要的金成矿阶段,银金矿为主要的含金矿物,从阶段Ⅱ[195～285℃,logf(S2)=6.7～-13]到阶段Ⅲ[95～190℃,logf(S2)=-15.8～-25.6],成矿流体的温度和硫逸度明显降低.成矿流体与围岩作用导致流体中大离子亲石元素含量升高.阶段Ⅰ(δEu=1.17～1.52)和阶段Ⅱ(δEu=0.44～0.93)脉体的Eu异常和Eu含量区别显著,表明阶段Ⅱ成矿作用发生在相对还原的环境.阶段Ⅰ脉体具有轻稀土元素强烈富集而重稀土元素相对亏损的稀土元素配分模式(La/Yb=4.5～36.2),而阶段Ⅱ和阶段Ⅳ脉体轻重稀土元素分馏较弱(La/Yb=1.2～2.0),阶段Ⅳ重晶石-碳酸盐脉(∑REE=67.5×10<'6>)以较高的稀土元素含量而区别于阶段Ⅱ(∑REE=1.0×10<'-6>～4.2×10<'-6>),说明重品石和碳酸盐矿物对REE的分异有重要影响.不同阶段脉体与围岩火山岩的地球化学特征表明,阶段Ⅰ成矿流体以与火山岩围岩有关的火山热液为主,进入阶段Ⅱ,大气水开始加入,引起成矿流体温度和硫逸度强烈降低,并导致金在阶段Ⅱ和阶段Ⅲ沉淀成矿.     

Geology, Geochemistry and Genesis of the Hongshijing Gold Deposit in Ruoqiang,Xinjiang

1IntroductionTheHongshijinggolddepositislocatedinthenorthofLuobupouLakeofRuoqiang ,about 30 0kmsouthwestofHamiCity ,Xinjiang .ItwasdiscoveredbytheSixthGeologicalTeamofXinjiangduringgeo chemicalexploration .TheHongshijinggolddeposit,whichoccursinthegold bearingformationcomposedofMiddleandLateCarboniferousvolcanicandpyroclasticrocks ,isabrittle ductileshearzonetypegolddepositcontrolledbyariftbelt.TheHongshijinggolddepositislocatedinthesouthwestoftheHongshi jing -Maotoushanmineralizationb…     

Geology,Geochemistry and Genesis of the Mazhuangshan Gold Deposit in Hami,East Tianshan,Xinjiang,China

The Mazhuangshan area is located in the east of the Aqikekuduke Island Arc, where there are distributed intermediate-acid magmatic rocks emplaced during the Middle-Late Carboniferous. There are more than 20 orebodies in the area with an average gold grade 6.4 × 10⁻⁶ at present. The dominant metallic minerals are natural gold, auriferous silver, natural silver, pyrite and galena. Pyrite is the key gold carrier, high in Fe and low in S. Wall-rock alterations mainly include pyritization, silicification, and sericitization. Carbonation alteration was extensive at the late stage, often resulting in a high-grade orebody. Three mineralization stages may be distinguished. The peak homogenization temperatures of primary fluid inclusions range from 240 to 260°C. Mineralization pressures and depths are 47.2–68.8 MPa and 1.6–2.3 km respectively, showing the ore-forming features of hypergene gold deposit. The average salinity is 15 wt% NaCl equivalent. Fluid inclusion geochemistry data show that Ca²⁺ is far higher than Mg²⁺, and m_K ⁺/m_Na ⁺, m_Na^{2 +}/m_Ca ²⁺ (0.001∼0.338), m_ΣCl/m_ΣS and m_ΣC/m_ΣS ratios change with the reduction parameter [R = (CO + CH₄)/CO₂] and temperature. And the gold contents of ores and gangues are positively correlated withR.     

新疆西准噶尔灰绿山金矿地质特征初步研究

灰绿山金矿由热液脉型和浸染状矿石组成。围岩蚀变矿物为石英、黄铁矿、绿泥石和碳酸盐,其中黄铁矿和碳酸盐与成矿作用密切相关。其主要矿石矿物有黄铁矿、毒砂、黄铜矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿和自然金。热液成矿作用划分为石英-钠长石-碳酸盐、粗粒石英、黄铁矿-毒砂、黄铁矿-碳酸盐、石英-方解石5个阶段。不同蚀变围岩具相似稀土分布模式,大离子亲石元素、高场强元素和稀土元素在围岩与成矿流体反应中发生了迁移。     

Geology,geochemistry, and genesis of Axi: A Paleozoic low-sulfidation type epithermal gold deposit in Xinjiang,China

Axi is a low-sulfidation type epithermal gold deposit hosted in Paleozoic subaerial volcanic rocks in the western Tianshan orogenic belt, Xinjiang, China. The resource is more than 50 t gold at an average grade of > 4.4 ppm. The deposit occurs in the Tulasu volcanic fault-basin in the Paleozoic active continental margin on the northern side of the Yili-Central Tianshan plate. The host rocks are andesitic volcaniclastic rocks of the Paleozoic Dahalajunshan Formation, and the orebodies occur as veins in annular faults of a paleocaldera. Mineralization at Axi can be subdivided into five stages: quartz and/or chalcedony vein, quartz vein, quartz-carbonate vein, sulfide vein and carbonate vein. There are two types of ore host: quartz vein and altered rocks. Ore minerals are native gold, electrum, pyrite, marcasite, arsenopyrite, hematite, limonite, and trace amounts of pyrargyrite, polybasite, naumannite, cerargyrite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, galena, pyrrhotite and clausthalite; gangue minerals are mainly quartz, chalcedony, illite, calcite, siderite, dolomite, adularia and laumontite. The main wall-rock alteration is silicification and phyllic alteration, carbonatization and propylitization. The deposit is characterized by an enrichment, relative to crustal abundance, of Au, Ag, As, Sb, Bi, Hg, Se, Te and Mo, depletion in base metals (Cu, Pb, and Zn), and a low Ag/Au ratio (0.5–3.7).Three types of fluid inclusions were recognized in quartz from the major mineralization stages: liquid aqueous inclusions, liquid-rich two-phase inclusions and small amounts of vapor-rich two-phase inclusions. Microthermometric measurements indicate that the final ice melting temperatures are − 0.3 to − 4.4 °C, corresponding to salinities of 0.5–6.9 wt.% NaCl equiv. (2.2 wt.% NaCl equiv. in average). The peak temperatures of ice melting varies from − 0.4 to − 1.9 °C, corresponding to salinities of 0.7–3.1 wt.% NaCl equiv. Homogenization temperatures range mainly between 120 and 240 °C, with an average of 190 °C and a maximum of 335 °C. The fluid density is 0.73 to 0.95 g/cm³ and thus the estimated maximum mineralization depth is about 700 m.Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions of the ore fluids lie within a narrow range: δD_H2O is − 98 to − 116‰ and δ¹⁸O_H2O − 1.8 to 0.4‰. ³He/⁴He ranges from 0.0218 to 0.138 Ra, with an average of 0.044 Ra, indicating that He derived predominantly from crust with negligible mantle He in the ore fluids. By contrast, the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ranges from 317.7 to 866.0, suggesting that crust-derived radioactive ⁴⁰Ar⁎ accounts for 7.0 to 66%, and atmospheric ⁴⁰Ar about 43 to 93% in the ore fluids. Hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, sulfur and noble gas isotopes indicate that the ore-forming fluids of the Axi gold deposit consisted predominantly of circulating meteoric water. Ore-forming metals may have derived mainly from the host volcaniclastic rocks of the Dahalajunshan Formation and basement rocks. The occurrence of adularia, platy calcite, and quartz or sulfide aggregates as pseudomorphs after bladed calcite in ore veins, and occurrence of aqueous liquid, and liquid-rich and vapor-rich two-phase inclusions, indicates that boiling of the ore-forming fluid have occurred, leading to supersaturation of the hydrothermal solution and deposition of ore metals. This is the main mineralization mechanism for quartz-vein type ores in Axi. The ore-forming fluid was buffered to a near-neutral pH in a reduced environment during mineralization. The preservation of this Paleozoic Axi deposit and its discovery required a rapid accumulation of sediments in the basin after formation of the deposit, and minimal amount of erosion after Late Cenozoic uplift.     

新疆吐拉苏盆地京希-伊尔曼德金矿地质和地球化学特征研究

京希-伊尔曼德金矿位于新疆北天山吐拉苏盆地的西北缘,赋存于泥盆纪-早石炭世火山-沉积地层底部的凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩中,围岩经历了绢云母化、黄铁矿化、多期硅化和角砾化、碳酸盐化和重晶石化,金矿化与硅化围岩紧密伴生。矿体呈透镜状、层状和似层状,产状与围岩基本一致,主要由热液角砾岩型矿石组成,其热液演化期由四个阶段组成:I:硅化及绢云母化——在围岩凝灰岩和凝灰质砂岩中形成大量浸染状石英、绢云母和少量黄铁矿;II:角砾化及硅化——形成含金热液角砾岩a,角砾为早期蚀变围岩,胶结物为烟灰色玉髓状石英、黄铁矿、毒砂和少量金矿物;III:角砾化及硅化——形成含金热液角砾岩b,角砾为热液角砾岩a和蚀变围岩,胶结物为细粒石英、黄铁矿、毒砂和少量金矿物;IV:方解石-重晶石阶段——形成大量粗大的方解石-重晶石脉。京希-伊尔曼德金矿成矿流体本身富集V、Cr、Ni、Cu、Sb,且其中的Mn、Co、Zn、Bi以及大离子亲石元素LILE主要来自火山岩围岩。从成矿早期到晚期,成矿流体轻稀土元素逐渐富集、氧化性增强。水-岩体系氢、氧同位素组成模拟计算表明,京希-伊尔曼德金矿成矿流体主要为与区内火山岩再平衡的岩浆水,其中金浓度为1×10-6～2×10-6,形成该矿需要约1×108～0.5×108t岩浆热液,蚀变围岩和矿石中黄铁矿富集轻稀土元素。角砾化作用及其伴随的氧逸度升高是导致金沉淀的主要机制。     

江西大背坞金矿床地质、地球化学特征

江西大背坞金矿床赋存在中元古界双桥山群第二岩性组中,产于燕山期花岗岩体的旁侧,受韧性剪切带及其中的挤压破碎带控制。流体包裹体及氢、氧、碳、硫、铅、硅、锶同位素特征表明,参与成矿的碳以岩浆源为主,铅以壳源为主,锶源于上地壳,硫和硅来自地层,流体水以岩浆源为主,混有变质残留晶间水和一定数量的大气降水。矿床成因上应属与燕山期花岗岩浆活动有关的中温热液矿床     

新疆西天山查汗萨拉金矿地质、金赋存状态及同位素地球化学研究

查汗萨拉金矿是近年在新疆西天山新发现的一处金矿床,处于依连哈比尔尕构造带西端.矿体旱不规则脉状产于细品闪长岩构造破碎蚀变带及其接触带附近的上石炭统奇尔古斯套组蚀变围岩中,围岩蚀变较弱.矿石中硫化物主要为黄铁矿,并含少量磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿等.硫化物矿物呈自形粗晶或半自形结构,斑杂状分布在构造蚀变岩石中.金矿物以自然金和银金矿为主,还发现有硫(碲)银金矿和金铀化物等独特矿化线索,金矿物多赋存在黄铁矿中,以包体金、裂隙金和少量粒间金形式存在.金矿物形态以粒状和长角状为主,多为细、微细粒金(粒度<10 μm).矿石中矿物流体包裹体均一温度为220～340℃.热液脉三石矿物石英流体包裹体的δD为-92‰～-74‰,δ18Ov-SMOW为11.8‰～12.6‰,成矿流体显尔岩浆热液和变质建造水混合的特征.热液方解石脉的占δ13Cv-PDB为-8.92‰～-8.06‰,δ18Ov-SMOW为13.45‰～17.18‰,反映成矿流体中CO2主体米源于岩浆.硫化物206pb/204Pb为18.036～18.173,207pb/204pb为15.536～15.612,208pb/204pb为37.940～38.097,成矿金属具岩浆来源特征.矿石中硫化物δ34Sv-CDT为-9.8‰～-7.3‰,显示其可能与地层有关.查汗萨拉金矿为构造蚀变岩型中温岩浆热液矿床.小同于本区阿希金矿,是西天山金矿勘查中值得关注的新类型.     

新疆西天山卡特巴阿苏大型金矿床地质地球化学和成岩成矿年代

新疆西天山是"亚洲金腰带"在中国的重要延伸,成矿找矿潜力大。卡特巴阿苏是该区域新发现的大型金矿床,金储量87 t,平均金品位3.84 g/t。矿床形成于中天山北缘靠近那拉提北缘断裂的变形带中,金矿体主要受二长花岗岩体内沿密集韧脆性断裂带分布的蚀变带控制,多呈大型透镜体/似板状体,中部为含金硫化物不规则细/网脉强硅化岩,边部对称出现含金硫化物浸染绢云母绿泥石蚀变岩,黄铁矿和黄铜矿是主要载金矿物,金在黄铁矿中为晶格金,在黄铜矿中为裂隙金或粒间金。卡特巴阿苏金成矿地质体主要为二长花岗岩,锆石U-Pb法测得(346.3±3.3)Ma,为早石炭世成岩;矿石中载金黄铁矿Re-Os法测得(310.9±4.2)Ma,为晚石炭世成矿;成矿比成岩大约晚35Ma。金成矿关键控制因素是南天山洋关闭、塔里木板块与中天山陆块碰撞造山过程中的构造-流体作用。金成矿流体中高温(270~390℃)、中低盐度(7%~16%Na Cl eq.)、富CO2,δ18OH2O(V-SMOW)=1.6‰~6.4‰,δDH2O(V-SMOW)=-64‰~-107‰,为深部/变质成因流体;金矿石中黄铁矿(187Os/188Os)i平均为1.449±0.052,REE配分曲线及铅同位素组成(206Pb/204Pb=18.129~18.773、207Pb/204Pb=15.459~15.554,208Pb/204Pb=37.707~38.123)与中天山地壳不同岩石建造单元具有明显相似或关联性,成矿物质来自中天山地壳;硫化物δ34S值(6.92‰~12.15‰)指示矿石硫源于古生代海相地层中硫酸盐热化学还原。卡特巴阿苏金成矿受晚石炭世塔里木板块与中天山陆块碰撞构造应力驱动,金矿床是中天山地壳岩石经受构造-蚀变的综合产物,属"碰撞造山型"金矿床。研究为在新疆西天山持续实现金矿找矿突破提供了新参考。     

甘肃鹰嘴山金矿床地质和成矿地球化学

鹰嘴山金矿床是北祁连山西段新发现的剪切带型金矿床。赋矿围岩为粉砂质板岩、英安质碎裂岩和安山质角砾凝灰岩等,蚀变以硅化和绢云母化为特征。成矿作用分为原生成矿期和表生氧化－次生富集成矿期。原生成矿期又可以分为微晶石英岩矿化阶段和脉状石英硫化物阶段,后者为主成矿阶段,表生成矿期硫化物氧化为硫酸盐类,金除了包含在硫化物中外,还以自然金充填石英颗粒之间或石英裂隙。在原生矿化蚀变过程中,硅质、碱质、ＣＯ２和ＲＥＥ带入了成矿体系。均一法测温表明成矿主要温度为３２０～２００℃,成矿流体含有大量ＣＯ２,其氧同位素显示为岩浆水或深部流体为主。     

青海滩间山金矿床地质地球化学及成冈机制

滩间山金矿床位于柴达木盆地北缘中西段。金矿体产于万洞沟群碳质千岩－片岩地层中,受同碰撞造山期构造岩浆活动控制。岩石地球化学特征显示,酸性－偏碱性岩脉中Ａｕ与Ａｓ同步富集。矿床中成矿元素之间的相关性表明,Ａｕ主要来自岩浆热液。稳定同位素组成表明,矿床中的硫、碳、铅以及流体中的水主要来自岩浆。矿床地质特征及同位素地质年代学结果显示,矿床形成于晚华力西期。     

贵州泥堡金矿地质地球化学特征

泥堡金矿具多层含矿特征,各层金矿体均与二叠系火山碎屑岩密切相关。根据对矿床地质、地球化学、流体包裹体等多方面研究认为,火山碎屑岩与大厂石英岩之间的假整合面是最主要的容矿空间;金矿的成矿时代为晚侏罗世,金矿的形成与峨眉山地幔柱残留部分在燕山期的活动有关。     

新疆哈密马庄山金矿成矿流体成冈及金沉淀机制的探讨

马庄山大型金矿位于阿齐克库都克东部 ,分布有中晚石炭世的中酸性火山岩及相应的次火山岩。近 2 0条矿体产于其中。矿石平均品位为 6.4× 1 0 -6。成矿流体均一温度的峰值在 2 4 0～ 2 60℃ ,成矿深度为 1 .6～ 2 .3km,具有浅成成矿的特点。成矿流体成分摩尔浓度比值 m K m N a (0 .1 0～ 0 .81 )、m2N a m Ca2 (0 .0 0 1～ 0 .338)、 mΣCl mΣS和 mΣC mΣS等比值 ,成矿条件参数p H值为 5.8～ 7.4,氧逸度 (f O2 ) 1 .9× 1 0 -5 5～ 2 .9× 1 0 -47Pa,硫逸度 (f S2 )约为 1 0 -1 3 Pa;Eh值为 - 0 .6e V流体 δ3 4 S值为 3.94‰～ 4.98‰ ,均随还原参数 Hy[Hy=(CO CH4) / CO2 ]和温度有规律变化。且矿石和脉石中的金含量也与 Hy成正比。矿石和脉石 REE配分图和微量元素特征与岩浆岩相似 ,代表着成矿物质来源与围岩岩浆岩关系密切。推断岩浆来源的成矿流体经地下水的混合作用是金沉淀的重要机制。     

新疆富蕴县蒙库铁矿地质地球化学特征

蒙库是新疆境内目前发现的最大的磁铁矿矿床,矿体赋存在下泥盆统康布铁堡组角闪变粒岩、斜长角闪岩(原岩为火山岩)中.探明铁储量1.1亿吨,全铁平均品位44%.矽卡岩广泛发育并与矿体关系密切,矽卡岩阶段主要发育钙铁榴石、透辉石等矿物,晚期矽卡岩阶段则以大量阳起石、绿泥石、透辉石并伴随磁铁矿的出现为特征.矽卡岩阶段石榴石中原生包裹体类型复杂,均一温度为348℃～500℃,盐度为9.6～12.85wt%;晚期矽卡岩阶段透辉石中富液包裹体的均一温度为241℃～490℃,盐度为10.73～12.9wt%;含子晶的石英包裹体均一温度为348℃～458℃,盐度为38.2～57.1wt%,石英气液包裹体的均一温度在166℃～382℃之间,盐度为9.6～13.04wt%,平均11.31wt%;方解石中富液包裹体的均一温度为145℃～265℃,盐度1.23%～9.6%,流体表现为矽卡岩化过程的中高温中等盐度到中温中等盐度流体再到低温低盐度的演化历程.δ34S的值显示硫的来源于均一的硫的储库,有少量地层硫加入.碳、氢、氧同位素组分表明交代火山岩的流体主要为岩浆晚期的热水溶液,在演化的晚期有大气降水的加入.     

新疆哈图金矿成矿流体地球化学

新疆哈图金矿床赋存在石炭系基性火山岩－火山碎屑岩中,矿体受古火山口断裂系控制。矿脉内流体包裹体较为丰富,主要为气液相ＮａＣｌ－Ｈ２Ｏ包裹体和少量的ＮａＣｌ－ＣＯ２－Ｈ２Ｏ包裹体。成矿热液中富含ＣＯ２、Ｎ２、Ｎａ＋、Ｋ＋、Ｃｌ－和ＳＯ２－４,而所含的成矿元素以Ａｕ－Ａｓ－Ａｇ－Ｓｂ组合为特征。成矿热液为低盐度流体,主成矿阶段的盐度为４．１ｗｔ％～６．３ｗｔ％ＮａＣｌ,密度为０．８８～０．８０ｇ／ｃｍ３,ｆＯ２为１０－３５～１０－３１Ｐａ,Ｅｈ为０．６０～０．８０ｅＶ,为还原环境。金沉淀成矿的最佳温度为２３０～２６０℃。哈图金矿成矿热液不是典型的岩浆热液,而是受到了古大气水混入的火山晚期热液。流体不混溶、水－岩反应及古大气水的混入是造成本区金沉淀成矿的主要因素。     

新疆望峰金矿床流体包裹体地球化学及矿床成因类型

西天山东缘的望峰金矿床受胜利达坂韧性剪切带的控制,成矿过程包括早、中、晚3个阶段,自然金和矿石矿物主要形成于中阶段。岩相学、显微测温及单个包裹体成分激光拉曼光谱研究表明,望峰金矿床石英中的流体包裹体有CO₂-H₂O型、纯CO₂型、NaCl-H₂O溶液型和含子晶多相等4种类型。早阶段石英中原生包裹体主要是CO₂-H₂O型,其盐度1.62%~8.03% NaCl eqv.,流体密度0.73~0.89g/cm³,均一温度为250~390℃,气相成分为CO₂。中阶段石英中的原生包裹体包括了所有4种类型,其CO₂-H₂O型和NaCl-H₂O溶液型包裹体的均一温度分别为210~340℃和230~300℃,显示了流体沸腾现象的存在。CO₂-H₂O型包裹体的盐度0.83%~9.59% NaCl eqv.,密度0.77~0.95g/cm³,气相成分为CO₂±CH₄±N₂。晚阶段石英只发育水溶液包裹体,具有较低的盐度（0.35%~3.87% NaCl eqv.）和均一温度（120~214℃）。根据CO₂-H₂O型包裹体估算早、中阶段流体包裹体捕获压力分别为110~300PMa和90~250MPa,成矿深度为9~11km。总体而言,望峰金矿床由低盐度、低密度、富CO₂的变质流体系统形成,流体减压沸腾导致矿质沉淀,属于中深带的造山型金矿系统。     

新疆恰尔墩巴斯希铁-铜-金矿矿床地质研究

新疆恰尔墩巴斯希铁-铜-金矿床中磁铁矿化和铜矿化与中基性侵入岩体密切相关。磁铁矿化在辉长岩体与中基性火山岩的内外接触带发育,由内带的磁铁矿+透辉石组合变化到外带的磁铁矿+石英+钙铁榴石+方解石组合。辉长岩和闪长岩的轻、重稀土元素分异明显〔(La/Yb)N为3.19～7.81〕,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损Nb、Ta,具岛弧岩浆岩特征。辉长岩氧逸度较高,明显富钾。铜矿化主要集中于闪长岩体的外接触带,大部分铜矿化充填在热液角砾岩中。可划分出4个铜矿化阶段:①钠长石-石英阶段;②黄铜矿-黄铁矿-自然金-绢云母-石英阶段;③黄铜矿-黄铁矿-绿帘石-葡萄石阶段;④闪锌矿-方铅矿-石英-方解石阶段。自然金主要出现在糜棱岩化之后的黄铁矿-石英脉中。     

Geology,geochemistry, and genesis of the hot-spring-type Sipingshan gold deposit,eastern Heilongjiang Province,Northeast China

The Sipingshan gold deposit, located in the eastern part of the Nadanhada Terrane, is hosted within cherts and silicified breccias of the Upper Cretaceous Sipingshan Formation and rhyolites of the Upper Cretaceous Datashanlinchang Formation. The orebodies are composed of gold- and pyrite-bearing cherts, silicified breccias, and quartz veins accompanied by various types of wall rock alteration, including silicification, pyritization, sericitization, chloritization, pyrophyllitization, and carbonatization. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb zircon ages determined for the ore-bearing rhyolites range between 122 ± 1.4 and 135.2 ± 1.9 million years slightly older than the metallogenic age of the Sipingshan gold deposit. The rhyolite has aluminium saturation index values ranging from 0.015 to 1.25 and shows the following features: enrichment in LILE (e.g. Rb, Pb, K, and Th); depletion of Ba, Sm, and Ti; and negative Eu anomalies. These geochemical characteristics indicate that (1) the rhyolite contains features typical of S-type granites; (2) the felsic magma likely originated through partial melting of the continental crust; and (3) plagioclase crystals were present in the partial melt residues in the magma source region, or else magma evolution involved plagioclase fractionation. The host cherts have high Al/(Al + Fe + Mn) ratios (0.23–0.81, averaging 0.60) and low Al₂O₃ and TiO₂ contents. Their North American shale-normalized REE patterns are characterized by flat REE, slightly positive Eu anomalies, no Ce anomalies, and (La/Yb)_SN ratios of 1.27–1.38, indicating that these cherts formed in a continental margin environment. In addition, the analysed cherts have low ΣREE (1.56–3.64 ppm) and Zr (9.1–13.5 ppm) contents, suggesting a hydrothermal origin. Fluid inclusions in quartz veins show elliptical to irregular shapes that range from 5 to 12 μm in size and have homogenization temperatures of 118.7–223.4°C, densities of 0.84–0.94 g/cm³, and pressures of 21.2–51.4 MPa, indicating that the hot-spring-type Sipingshan gold deposit is epithermal in origin.     

新疆西昆仑奥尔托喀讷什锰矿地质、地球化学及成因

近年来,西昆仑玛尔坎苏地区富锰矿找矿取得重大突破,新发现奥尔托喀纳什等大型锰矿床。该矿床层位稳定,厚度较大,Mn平均品位达35%以上,为中国最富的碳酸锰矿床,属于典型的海相沉积型锰矿床。锰矿体主要赋存于晚石炭世喀拉阿特河组地层中,该组岩性为一套浅海碳酸盐岩台地相沉积建造组合,可划分为台内浅滩、潮坪、开阔台地、局限台地等4个相类型。成矿分为三个期次,第一期为沉积成岩成矿期,矿石矿物由菱锰矿、锰方解石、硼锰矿组成;第二期为热液改造期,形成锰镁绿泥石、红锰矿、硫锰矿、锰方解石(脉)、重结晶菱锰矿、蔷薇辉石及滑石、石膏等;第三期为表生氧化期,发育少量软锰矿、水锰矿、硬锰矿等。锰矿石具有较低的Fe/Mn比值、V/(V+Ni)比值和强烈的Ce正异常,表明Mn是在氧化环境下,以氧化物或氢氧化物的形式沉积富集。含锰岩系顶、底板岩石中含较多成熟度较差的中酸性火山岩岩屑,以及具有较低Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)、Y/Ho、Co/Ni比值的锰矿石,说明其成矿物质来源于海底热水活动。奥尔托喀纳什锰矿具有"内源外生"的特点,锰矿石及菱锰矿具有负的δ~(13)C值(-23.3‰～-13.2‰),表明锰矿经历了先成锰氧化物或氢氧化物、再被还原转化成菱锰矿的过程。此外,有机质所导致的更为强烈的还原作用是本矿床富锰矿形成的重要机制。后期构造叠加致使矿体发生变形,矿体形态受褶皱控制。矿石受到强烈改造,形成锰镁绿泥石、红锰矿、蔷薇辉石等,晚期经历氧化淋滤作用形成软锰矿、水锰矿等。     

新疆库布苏金矿元素地球化学特征

通过库布苏金矿不同岩脉、地层、石英脉内微量元素及稀土元素含量与组成的研究。,得出库布苏金矿岩脉形成与区域岩浆活动有关,岩脉与区域中基性岩脉,泥盆纪火山－沉积地层在成矿物质上具有同源性或继承性。石英脉与岩脉、地层在元素地球化学特征上差别较大。矿化与石英脉是不同阶段的产物,其为后期热液作用的产物。东准噶尔地区的金矿找寻应以围岩蚀变作为主要找矿标志。